Caterpillar Product Information

Salesgram
January 2005

Cat 994F
Wheel Loader

Since the 994 was first introduced in 1990 it has become the
largest selling wheel loader in its size class and proven to be
an extremely durable machine.

Building on the demonstrated durability of the 994, the new 994F

with a 3516B HD EUI engine, will provide the customer more
PRODUCTIVITY, OPERATOR COMFORT, SAFETY
FEATURES, SERVICEABILITY FEATURES AND
APPLICATIONS.

The serial number prefix for the new 994F is 442xxxxx.

For Dealer Sales Personnel

www.cat.com
 The 994F has all the features that customers have come to expect
in a 994 and MORE. Product enhancements include:

More Productivity:
3516B HD EUI Engine
Higher Capacity Air Filters
Dual 80 Amp Alternators
Next Generation Modular Radiator NGMR
Fully Modulating Impeller Clutch Torque Converter ICTC Pedal
Stronger Front Frame
Rimpull
Lift and Tilt Force
Lift and Lower Speed
VIMS Wireless II (Optional)
CAES (Optional)
Product Link (Optional)

More Operator Comfort:

New Cab with 50% More Glass Area and 120% More Volume
Cat Comfort Series Seat
Trainer Seat
In Cab Settable Lift Kickouts
Cab Fresh Air Precleaner (Optional)
Satellite Radio (Optional)

More Serviceability Features:

VIMS 4.0 (ABL) System
Improved Service Center
Sealed Electronic Bay
Remote Mounted Pressure Taps
Improved Access to Filters
Oil Renewal System (Optional)
Free Wheel Stator Removed
Triple Lip Seal Used on Output Shafts
C and D Pin Changes
Liftarm Changes

2
More Safety Features:
Service Lockouts for Transmission and Starter
Implement Lock-out Lever
Steering Lock-out Lever
Toe Kicks to Keep Tools from Being Kicked Off
High Intensity Discharge HID Lights (Optional)
Rear Vision Camera (Optional)
Outboard Mounted Steps
Roading Fenders (Optional)
Warning Beacon (Optional)

More Applications:
Super High Lift Configuration for Coal Loading
Wider Tire (Optional)

More Productivity
Cat 3516B HD EUI: The Caterpillar 3516B High Displacement
(HD) EUI engine has 1072 kW (1,436 net hp) at 1,600 rpm.
A 14% increase over the 3516B. This high displacement engine
is designed to lower operating cost-per-ton in loader applications
and maintain the excellent life that has been demonstrated on
earlier 994 models. Building on the solid foundation established
by the 3516B series engines, the 3516B HD further improves
efficiency by; lowering fuel consumption, improving engine
performance, extending component life, and reducing operating
costs while having the ability to meet U.S. and Canada
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Non-Road Tier 1
emissions standards.

(High Displacement)
The 3516B HD accomplishes the above mentioned improvements
by increasing engine displacement by some 13% to (78 liters)
4,875 in3. This increased displacement has been accomplished
through lengthening piston stroke by 25.4 mm [1 in] (12.7 mm
[0.5 in] on each throw) and making associated changes to the
crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, turbochargers and control
software. This increase in stroke adds about one half of a liter
of displacement per cylinder. It is important to note that this is
not a new engine, but simply a natural evolution of the product.
3500B HD engines have been in production for over 4 years in a
variety of machine, marine, and EPG applications.

This new engine arrangement contributes directly to a reduction

in operating cost-per-ton and no derating is required up to 3050 m
(10,000 ft) altitude.
3
 Higher Capacity Air Filters: The new air filters have more
surface area, which should provide 10-15% more life than the
previous design.

Dual 80 Amp Alternators: Provide sufficient electrical power

for customer options such as entertainment radios, CBs,
additional lights, etc.

Next Generation Modular Radiator (NGMR): Cooling

capabilities are improved by using parallel flow system.
The NGMR has better heat rejection characteristics than the
AMOCS design, hence better cooling in the same size package.
Serviceability is improved, as there is no top tank to remove.

Fully Modulating Impeller Clutch Torque Converter (ICTC):

The impeller clutch torque converter allows the operator the
flexibility of reducing rimpull with the left brake pedal. The first
portion of pedal travel activates the ICTC and reduces available
rimpull to 25 percent. The pedal fully modulates rimpull through
this range. Further movement of the pedal activates the brakes.
With the pedal released, the torque converter delivers 100 percent
of available rimpull, or the level set by the dial control.

The left pedal provides improved ground speed control as it

reduces torque from the maximum setting down to 25 percent.
This feature works in all three gears to control ground speed
when inching capabilities are desired. It also provides smooth
transitions from brake-off to brake-on, resulting in smoother
directional shifts and faster cycle times.

Stronger Front Frame: The front frame has been strengthened

in critical areas. The front frames have a new, improved castings
in the area where the liftarms connect to the frame and in the area
where the front axle bolts to the frame. Additional gussets have
also been added in lower articulation hitch area.

4
Rimpull: With the additional horsepower, rimpull has been
increased by 4% to better penetrate the bank. This increase
balances rimpull versus hydraulic forces.

Lift and Tilt Force: Lift and tilt force has been increased by
a change in the relief settings for the implement pumps. At the
same time, many of the implement hoses have been changed to
XT6 to better handle this increase in pressure. Lift force has been
increased by 11% and tilt force by 12%.

Lift and Lower Speed: The 994F has three fixed displacement
implement pumps and a new electronically controlled variable
displacement pump, which increases hydraulic flow by 10%.
This new pump is activated electronically as the bucket clears
the pile. This increase in pump flow increases the speed of the
implements by 10%.

Lower speed has been increased by changes in the main control

valve. This change coupled with the new return to dig out is
exceptionally quick.

VIMS Wireless II ( Optional): VIMS Wireless II is an entry

level wireless communication system designed to link the
machine to the office. VIMS Wireless Office, a pc based software
program functions as the interface to download the VIMS files
on a scheduled basis, along with the ability to analyze the data.
With the use of VIMS Wireless II customers can be more proactive
on their maintenance which will then translate into higher machine
availability and more production. VIMS wireless II uses the
Caterpillar TC900B IP radio which are also used with Computer
Aided Earthmoving Systems (CAES) and Minestar.

These new products give all miners, regardless of the size of their
fleet, faster access to critical equipment management information
that will help them improve availability, extend component life
and reduce cost per ton. With the use of VIMS, wireless customers
can be more proactive on their maintenance which will then
translate into higher machine availability and more production.

Computer Aided Earthmoving System CAES (Optional):

This advanced information tool combines GPS technology
(centimeter-level) and in-cab computing capabilities for precise
grade and slope control. It has proven to provide measurable impact
on work quality and overall productivity. Ideal applications include
benches, roads, leach pads, dump areas, and reclamation sites.

5
 Lower Production Cost: The faster, more precise grade guidance
delivered by this system helps operators do their jobs to specification
the first time, eliminating costly re-work. It also allows work to
proceed in poor visibility conditions and without surveying delays,
so equipment is better utilized. And, because operators get constant,
accurate feedback without looking for survey stakes or paper maps,
they work more confidently and efficiently.

Cat Product Link (Optional): Product Link is available as an

attachment on the 994F. Product Link allows tracking of machine
location and service hours through global positioning system
(GPS) technology and provides all logged diagnostic codes.

All the above items contribute to more productivity.

A performance study comparing a 994D High Lift to a 994F High

Lift was conducted at a copper mine in the USA. Keep in mind
that, for the purpose of this study, a constant was used for truck
exchange time. This study was done under controlled conditions
and did not include interruptions that would be expected in a
typical mining application. A 10-15% increase in productivity
from 994D to 994F is expected in most applications.

Average Average
Cycle Pay
Time % Load % Tons/Hr
994D 35.04 sec 70,500 lbs 3621.6
994F 31.26 sec +12% 72,200 lbs +2.4% 4157.4

Travel Travel
Empty Loaded Dump Time Dig Time
994D 10.08 sec 13.38 sec 4.14 sec 7.44 sec
994F 09.12 sec 12.06 sec 3.3 sec 6.78 sec

6
 More Operator Comfort
New Cab: With 50% more glass area and 120% more volume,
the cab is completely new to the 994F. Attention has been paid
to visibility, spaciousness and ergonomics. Operator sound levels
with this new cab are approximately 75 dBa.

Cat Comfort Series Seat: With air suspension and retractable

3 inch seat belt, the seat is designed for additional comfort and
support. Seat cushions reduce pressure on the lower back and
thighs while allowing unrestricted arm and leg movement.
The seat is 6 way adjustable and the retractable seat belt stays
off of the floor, making it easier for the operator to reach.
This seat is greatly important to operators working in those
applications requiring extended shift times. This seat can be
reclined when not in the operating mode. Armrests are height,
tilt and fore/aft adjustable.

Trainer Seat: The trainer seat consists of a padded seat and back
with 2 inch lap belt. Under the seat is a storage compartment that
is large enough for a cooler type lunch box. When not in use, the
back can be folded down and used as a drink tray.

In Cab Settable Lift Kickouts: The upper and lower lift

kickouts can be set electronically by the operator in the cab. With
both of these kickouts, the linkage anticipates the kickout point
and modulates as it approaches the kickout point.

Cab Fresh Air Precleaner (Optional): This attachment provides

a turbine fan that spins the dust out of incoming fresh air for the
cab, before that dust gets to the cab filters. This will increase filter
life and provide for a cleaner cab.

Satellite Radio (Optional): Sirius and XM models are available

and their coverage is approximately 150 miles north and south of
USA borders and 300+ miles east and west of the coasts. Several
different configurations are available based on options desired.

7
 More Serviceability Features
VIMS 4.0 (ABL) System: VIMS ABL is standard on this
machine. The payload system is included in VIMS 4.0 (ABL).
VIMS on the 994F monitors more than 200 parameters covering
operational, maintenance, and payload.

VIMS categorizes and stores information into seven different

categories: event list, snap shots, data logger, trends, cumulatives,
histograms and payload information. This data can be accessed
through the message center, transmitted via optional radio and
downloaded for detailed analysis. VIMS PC creates useful
reports and charts to help supervisors and managers understand
loader utilization and performance.

Events: The event list is a record of all of the events/diagnostics

that have occurred on the machine. The event list will retain
the last 500 machine and system events in chronological order.
The list of events/diagnostics can be retrieved using the
VIMS PC off-board software. The event list report provides
the date, time and service meter reading when the event began,
event duration, operator ID, parameter ID, parameter value at
limit, warning category and number of times operator
acknowledged the event.

Snap Shots: VIMS includes an on-board event recorder, similar

to a flight data recorder, that stores machine/sensor data following
an event. The system activated event recorder creates a snapshot
of data from five minutes prior to the event to one minute
afterwards. This feature is useful for collecting data, troubleshooting
and diagnosing unpredictable problems.

Payload: The system records date, time, individual bucket

payload, total payload, number of passes, material and truck
identification. The system can provide information for up to
1,500 truckloads. VIMS PC generates the following reports:

Average time to load

Average loading time vs. material type
Material list
Customer and vehicle list
Number of trucks by hour
Number of trucks by material
Bucket payload
Time between truck loads
Material summary
Payload distribution of trucks by customer

8
Prognostics: VIMS continuously collects data that can be useful
in understanding machine use. Trend information consists of
minimum, maximum and averages specific parameters over time.
Histograms show the percentage of time a parameters value is in
a specified range. Cumulative information is the number of
occurrences (count) of specific parameters.

Example of Trend Data Plot

Air Filter [Engine Loaded (max)(kPa)]

Air Filter
6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0
11564
11643
11719
11796
11875
11959
12034
12113
12187
12265
12341
12418
12499
12576
12757
12834
12908
12989
13065
13142
13220
13299
13378
13453
13532
13612
13690
13766
13844
13922
14000
14076
14152
14230
14307
14385
14461
14540
14616
14691
14767
14842
14921
14998
15079
15157
15239
15321
15408
15491
15575
15659
15742
15824
15907
15988
16070
16152
16234
16317
16400
16482
16566
16645
SMH / Date-Time

Examples of prognostics included:

Trends maximum air filter restriction per hour

Histograms percentage of time fuel rate is in specified range
Cumulatives total engine revolutions

Data Logger: The Data Logger is used to capture real-time

machine data similar to the event recorder, but is initiated by
the operator or service technician. When the system is running,
data is collected from all of the VIMS parameters at a sampling
rate of once per second. Up to 30 minutes of data can be stored,
which can be retrieved from the machine using a laptop computer.
Parameters such as engine rpm, brake pressures, hydraulic pressures
and gear information help show how the machine was performing.
Machine data recorded by the data logger is useful when
troubleshooting intermittent machine problems.

9
 For Production: VIMS is more than a communications device
between operator and machine. By integrating the machine
systems with the office systems, production managers have access
to reports that can be used as the basis for more intelligent analysis
and more informed decision-making. VIMS reports can identify
areas for improvement in repair planning, operator training, site
planning, machine health, and personnel performance. By studying
payload data, a production manager can determine equipment
usage, future machine requirements, personnel performance and
productivity levels.
Lubricants Residual Value
Machine Capital
Fuel Tires/UC

Maintenance & Repair Operator

Cost
Cycle Times Ton Operator
Efficiency

Payload

For Maintenance: VIMS stores events for future analysis.

This information gives maintenance personnel a broad overview
of operator and machine performance, allowing them to expedite
the maintenance and troubleshooting process. VIMS communicates
to maintenance technicians the data necessary to maximize
component life, reduce catastrophic failures, minimize unscheduled
downtime and improve a mine's asset management. Event records
provide maintenance personnel with vital information that allows
a machine's repair needs to be reviewed prior to scheduled
Preventative Maintenance, significantly reducing downtime.
VIMS software communicates important machine data and trends.
By analyzing trends and identifying problems before failure,
maintenance personnel can more accurately plan machine
maintenance and resources. VIMS software also gives maintenance
greater control over fleet management, improving overall
machine availability and productivity.

Improved Service Center: The service center on the 994F has

been lowered to allow easier access. Through the service center
the following compartments can be filled and filled and drained.

Fill Fill and Drain

Implement Transmission
Brake Cooling Engine
Steering and Brake Air Tank
Engine Coolant
ORS Make-up Tank

10
Sealed Electronic Bay: There is now a sealed electronic bay
on the left side of the operators platform. This electronic bay has
bolt on, sealed covers and contains the four Electronic Control
Modules. The rear-most section has a smaller sealed cover on
top of the larger section, providing easier access to the spade
type fuses and circuit breakers. There are storage locations for
spare fuses.

Remote Mounted Pressure Taps: The remote mounted pressure

taps have been grouped into three major areas based on the system
they are connected to. The implement pressure taps are mounted
just in front of the front left corner of the operators platform.
The power train pressure taps are mounted under the service
access door behind the cab. The third grouping is in the forward
right side of the radiator guard. The mounting plates for these
pressure taps are stamped with abbreviations for appropriate
circuit that each tap applies to.

Improved Access to Filters: The transmission and torque

converter filters have been moved from inside the engine
enclosure to the service access area on the operators platform
behind the cab. These are now top removal filters and flow
capacity has been increased by 26%.

The access has also been improved to the implement pump case
drain filters. These filters are mounted under the front section of
the operator platform. This front section has been redesigned for
easy removal for filter changing.

11
 How it Works
Oil Renewal System ORS (Optional): The Caterpillar Oil
Renewal System (ORS) offers cost savings and an environmentally
friendly way to manage engine oil usage, maintenance and disposal.
This oil management system is designed and manufactured by
Caterpillar for Caterpillar 3500 Series Engines.

By injecting controlled amounts of used oil from the crankcase

into the engines fuel return line, ORS burns off waste oil as the
machine operates. Simultaneously, an equal amount of fresh oil
is added to the crankcase from a 15.5 gallon make-up tank.
With the addition of replacement oil, this system dramatically
extends oil change intervals, reduces service time and cuts both
the costs and environmental impacts of handling waste engine oil.

Benefits:
Extended engine oil and filter service intervals
Increased machine availability
Reduced used oil handling and disposal costs
Enhanced engine protection
High level of oil quality maintained by continually
replenishing with new oil.
Emissions compliant

ORS meters and injects used engine oil from the crankcase into the
engines fuel return line. The quantity of oil injected varies as fuel
consumption (load factor) varies. The initial setting is 5 gallons of
oil burned per 1,000 gallons of fuel. The ratio of oil to fuel injected
can be adjusted to specific job site applications and conditions
with the Cat Electronic Technician (Cat ET) service tool.

Unlike some competitive oil burn systems, Caterpillars ORS

system is linked directly to the engine Electronic Control Module
(ECM). The ORS electronic control strategy ensures that fuel oil
concentration levels remain within recommended parameters.

12
The 994F has a 15.5 gallon make-up tank, a make-up tank oil
level sensor and a two-way metering valve. The tank is an oil
reservoir that replenishes fresh oil to the engine crankcase.
The two-way valve injects an amount equal of fresh oil to the
crankcase and used oil into the fuel system. New oil must be
added to the make-up tank regularly to replenish the oil metered
into the fuel system. A sensor is installed into the make-up tank
to notify the operator when the make-up tank is empty. A second
sensor is mounted at a lower level that will notify the operator
when they have reached a level at which the ORS system will be
automatically shutdown until oil is added to the make-up tank.
VIMS monitors this system and alerts the operator when oil needs
to be added to the make-up tank.

Oil can be added to the make-up tank either at ground level through
the service center or at platform level through a fill spout.

The metering rate is the amount of oil that is mixed with fuel, and
can be adjusted from .25% to .75% oil to fuel (2.5 to 7.5 gallons
of oil burned to 1000 gallons of fuel) with an electronic service
tool. The adjustment is calculated by the ECM, and determines
the percent of oil metered to the amount of fuel that is being used.
The adjustment is based on engine load factor, engine oil pressure,
and jacket water coolant temperature. Factors such as altitude,
engine hours, maintenance, air cleaners, oil type, oil brand, and
operating conditions can affect the limits of engine oil condition.

Oil filters still need to be changed at 500 hour intervals.

Free Wheel Stator Clutch Removed: The free wheel stator

clutch has been removed from the torque converter on the 994F.
The free wheel stator clutch helped decrease the cooling load on
the machine but has had unacceptable life in many applications.
The cooling capacity of the radiator has been increased to make
up for the removal of this item.

Triple Lip Seals: Triple lip oil seals are now used on the input
and output shafts of the input transfer gear group. These seals
address a source of leakage in the past in these areas.

13
 A, C and D Pin Change: The A pin, liftarm to front frame, has
been increased in diameter by 10%. This new pin will better
handle the loads of the 994F.

The pin joints at both ends of the tilt links (C and D) have changed
from an oil pin design to a greased pin design. These pins are now
lubricated by the auto lube system. This change in the pin design
necessitated a change in the tilt link to bucket bore size in the
bucket. Because of this change, 994F Buckets are not directly
interchangeable with 994 and 994D buckets.

Liftarm Changes: Material has been added to the lift arms in

some key structural areas. Also, the B pin (bucket to liftarm area)
has changed from a bolted, saw cut joint to a solid design.
The bearing in this area now needs to be chilled and pressed into
place. The A pin area of the liftarm now has additional material
surrounding it. Liftarms are not compatible between 994F and
994 and 994D.

More Safety Features

Service Lockouts for Transmission and Starter: Lockable
switches that disable the engine starter and keep the transmission
in neutral are now located in the left side of the bumper, next to
the engine shut-off. These switches can be locked in place by a
service person using a standard padlock.

Implement Lock-out Lever: This lever, when raised, mechanically

locks the implement levers in the hold position.

Steering Lock Lever: When this lever is moved into the lock
position the steer control can not be moved in any direction,
which prevents inadvertent steering movement.

14
Toe Kicks: Toe kicks have been added above the engine enclosure.
These toe kicks will help keep tools from being accidentally
kicked off onto people below.

High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lights (six times brighter)

(Optional): This new option provides four (70 W) forward
facing, ROPS mounted and two (35 W) rearward facing, radiator
guard mounted HID lights for better visibility at night and in low
light conditions.

Rear Vision Camera (Optional): A color monitor and rear vision

camera are available as an option. This system provides excellent
visibility to the area directly behind the rear of the loader.

Outboard Mounted Steps: The steps in the rear bumper are now
mounted outboard for better access and visibility.

Roading Fenders (Optional): Roading Fender Extensions are

available for both front and rear fenders. These fender extensions
will help keep dirt/mud/debris off of handrails and walkways.

Warning Beacons (Optional): Two rotary amber warning

beacons are now available as an option.

15
 More Applications
Super High Lift Configuration: With the introduction of the
994F, Caterpillar is also introducing a new Super High Lift SHL
configuration, which is intended for coal loading of 789 and
793 size trucks. This configuration of the 994F when equipped
with a coal bucket has a rated payload of 32 metric tons (35 tons)

On the SHL it was necessary to increase the distance between

centerline for the B pin bores to the centerline for the C pin bores.
Hence the buckets are not interchangeable between the 994F
standard and high lifts to the super high lift.

Wider Tire (Optional): 58/85-57 84PR FS L4 Tire is a new

offering for the 994F and requires use of a 248-2822 Rim.
This tire is wider and stiffer than other tires listed for the
994F and helps provide additional lateral stability to the loader.
This tire is required with the 994F Super High Lift option and is
recommended for applications seeking additional lateral stability.
There is insufficient clearance for tire chains on the rear axle
when using this tire.

16
General Super High Lift Specifications

Rated Payload 32 m tonnes (35 ton)

36 m3 (47 yd3) serrated cutting edge
Coal Bucket 31 m3 (41 yd3) conventional edge
Dump Height 7.3 m (24 ft 1 in)
Reach 3.4 m (11 ft 1 in)
Tires 58/85-57 84PR L4

Standard Bucket sizes

Width Capacity
5650 mm (222") 14 m (18.3 yd3)
3

15 m3 (19.5 yd3)
17 m3 (22.5 yd3)
19 m3 (24.4 yd3)
6220 mm (245") 18 m3 (23.5 yd3)
19 m3 (25 yd3)
Coal Buckets 31 m3 (41 yd3)
36 m3 (47 yd3)
Note: Additional bucket sizes are available through the
Custom Group

Pass Match

Width Capacity
Standard Lift 4 passes 785 size 5 passes 789 size
High Lift 5-6 passes 789 size 7 passes 793 size
Super High Lift 5-6 passes 789 Coal Body 7 passes 793 Coal Body

17
 General Specification Changes

994D 994F Delta

Gross Power 1379 hp 1577 hp +14%
Net Power 1251 hp 1438 hp +14%
Operating Weight Std 423,500 lb 429,300 lb
HL 425,700 lb 430,900 lb
SHL n.a. 467,000 lb
Rimpull SS 199,300 lb 207,300 lb +4%
DS 104,100 lb 114,200 lb +10%
Tilt Breakout Std 197,300 lb 223,800 lb +13%
HL 205,200 lb 228,200 lb +11%
SHL n.a. 156,500 lb n.a.
Lift Capacity @ GL Std 142,600 lb 157,000 lb +11%
HL 146,100 lb 167,600 lb +11%
SHL n.a. 133,000 lb n.a.
Lift Time Std, HL 12.6 sec 11.3 sec -10%
SHL n.a. 13.4 sec n.a.

Rated Payload Std 34.5 metric ton (38 ton) 34.5 metric ton (38 ton)
HL 32 metric ton (35 ton) 32 metric ton (35 ton)
SHL 32 metric ton (35 ton) 32 metric ton (35 ton)
SS Single stall
DS Double stall

The information contained herein is intended for circulation only to Caterpillar and dealer employees whose duties require knowledge of such reports and
is intended exclusively for their information and training. It may contain unverified analysis and facts observed by various Caterpillar or dealer employees.
However, effort has been made to provide reliable results regarding any information comparing Caterpillar built and competitive machines. Effort has been
made to use the latest available spec sheet and other material in the full understanding that these are subject to change without notice. Any reproduction
of this release without the foregoing explanation is prohibited.

TEKQ0305
January 2005
www.cat.com
2005 Caterpillar
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.