PUBLIC SPEAKING

NURFARAIN IDRIH
SK PALU-PALU

TITLE: THE HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

Every state had a state anthem by the year 1956 but a national
anthem was yet to be composed. At that time, Malaya was ready for
independence and it was felt that it needed a national anthem. Tunku
Abdul Rahman, the Chief Minister ant the Minister of Interior Affairs of
Malaya, decided that a national anthem had to be composed before
independence. Hence, he formed a committee to select a song.

A competition was held for local and foreign composers. Their

committee analysed and examined all the 514 songs they received. They
were very careful in their selection. Unfortunately, they could not find any
song suitable to be the national anthem

Then, they decided to invite famous and repurtable international

composers and songwriters to compose the national anthem. They were
Benjamin Britten, Sir William Walton, Carlo Manetti and Zubir Said. These
composers and songwriters composed and a number of songs. A special
panel of judges went through all the songs. They reported that the songs
were not suitable at all as our national anthem.

The country was still without a national anthem. Then, the

committee decided to consider the existing state anthems. They were
hoping to come up with a suitable tune. Finally, they decided to use the
tune of the Perak State Anthem. The lyrics for the tune were written by a
specially selected panel in which Tunku Abdul rahman playing a
significant role. That was how the song ‘Negaraku” came about. Do you
know that there is an English version of song? This is how it goes

OH, MY MOTHERLAND
THE LAND WHERE MY LIFE BEGIN
WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN HARMONY AND PROSPERATY
WITH GOD-GIVEN BLESSING OF HAPPINESS
OUR KING REGIN IN PEACE
WITH GOD-GIVEN BLESSING OF HAPPINESS
OUR KING REGIN IN PEACE

THE END
 INTERESTING INVENTIONS

Do you have an air-conditioning unit at home? Air-conditioning units help

to cooland dehumidify indoor air for comfort.

In 1820, british scientist and discovered that compressing and

liquefying ammonia could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was
allowed to evaporate. In 1842, Florida phyisican John Gorrie used
compressor technology to creat ice. He then used the technique to cool
air for his patients in his hospital in Apalachicola, Florida.

However the first modern electrical air conditioning was invented by

Willis Haviland Carrier in Syracuse, NY in 1902. It was designed to improve
manufacturing process control in a printing plant. His invention controlled
temperature and humidity. Then Carrier’s technology was applied to
increase productivity in the workplace. The Carrier Air Conditioning
Company of America was formed to meet rising demand. Over time air
conditioning came to be used to improve comfort in homes and
automobiles. The use of air-conditioning increased widely in the 1950s.

The first air conditioners used toxic or flammable gases like

ammonia, methyl chloride and propane which could result in fatal
accidents when they leaked. Thomas Midgley ,JR created the first
chlorofluorocarbon gas, Freon in 1928. This was much safer for humans.
Later it was found harmful to the atmosphere by causing damage to the
ozone layer. Therefore a safer alternative, the R-410A is being used now,.

Apart from air-conditioning of homes and buildings, air conditioning

is also being used for many types of transportation such as motor-cars
and others and vehicles, trains, ships, air craft and spacecraft.