CPI Earth Work

PT CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

OPERATIONS
PREPARED BY PT CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA
SUMATRA, INDONESIA
February 2002

STANDARDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 GENERAL.....................................................................................................................3
2.0 SITE PREPARATION................................................................................................3
3.0 BORROW PITS...........................................................................................................4
4.0 EXCAVATION, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION.........................................6
4.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................................6
4.2 EXCAVATION...................................................................................................................7
4.3 FILL MATERIALS............................................................................................................7
4.4 BACKFILL & COMPACTION.............................................................................................8
5.0 GRADING....................................................................................................................9
6.0 LOCATION ROADS & WELL PADS.......................................................................9
6.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................................9
6.2 SITE PREPARATION.......................................................................................................10
6.3 COMPACTION................................................................................................................10
6.4 COMPACTION TESTS.....................................................................................................10
6.5 ROAD AND WELL PAD ELEVATION...............................................................................10
6.6 DRAINAGE....................................................................................................................11
6.7 CULVERTS.....................................................................................................................11
6.8 RIG SUB STRUCTURE...................................................................................................12
6.9 POWER POLE PAD........................................................................................................12
6.10 GEOTEXTILE MATERIALS.............................................................................................12
6.11 CELLAR BOX INSTALLATION........................................................................................12
6.12 CONDUCTOR PIPE INSTALLATION.................................................................................12
6.13 MUD PIT EXCAVATION & CLOSING..............................................................................12
1

STANDARDS
6.14 DRESS UP LOCATION....................................................................................................13
7.0 ASPHALT PAVING...................................................................................................13
7.1 GENERAL......................................................................................................................13
7.2 SUBGRADE PREPARATION.............................................................................................13
7.3 PLACING.......................................................................................................................14
7.4 COMPACTION................................................................................................................14
7.5 FINISHING.....................................................................................................................14
7.6 PRIME COATS AND TACK COATS..................................................................................14
7.7 ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVING.......................................................................................15
8.0 EVAPORATION PONDS/BURN PITS...................................................................15
2

STANDARDS
1.0 GENERAL
Contractor shall provide all items, operations and methods, specified herein, including
labor and incidentals necessary and required for the completion of the Work. Company
shall provide materials, equipment and consumables necessary for the Work.
The Work shall include, but not be limited to:
a. Site Survey.
b. Verification of all dimensions shown on Project Drawings.
c. Perform soil borings and soil testing as required for design of roads, well pads,
pavements, and grading.
d. Site preparation.
e. Excavate, load, haul, unload and place earthwork materials including premix, crushed
rock, select fill, gravel and sand, as required for road and location construction Work.
f. Locating all existing and proposed underground utilities, piping, structures and
cables.
g. Perform hand excavation where required in plant areas, at existing pipelines/utilities
crossings, and near existing support foundations.
h. Trench and backfill for utility piping, cables, conduit, foundations, pipe supports and
structural steel.
i. Soil Compaction.
j. Break out existing paving and subsequent repair.
k. Installation of asphalt and primer.
l. Improvement and maintenance of roads.
2.0 SITE PREPARATION
Contractor shall clear the Work Site and remove and/or dispose of any material which is
unsuitable for incorporation into the Work.
Contractor shall, for the duration of the Contract, keep all excavation, embankments,
haul roads, borrow areas, and all other Work areas free from excessive blown dust and
miscellaneous debris, and shall minimize the level of dust generated at the Work Site as a
result of the performance of the Work, by sprinkling water around the Work.
3

STANDARDS
3.0 BORROW PITS
Contractor shall obtain fill materials from approved borrow pits and deliver such
materials to the Work Site, and shall store and preserve the quality of all materials.
Topsoil shall be removed to a depth of 300 mm (1 foot), placed in a dedicated area for
topsoil and compacted to prevent erosion and preserve the quality of all materials.
The borrow pits shall be operated and maintained in a safe manner. Side slopes shall be
maintained with a maximum slope of 1 (V) to 2 (H) (45). If excavation of materials
exceeds 3 meters (10 feet), terraces shall be constructed, compacted and maintained to
ensure slope stability. The minimum width of such terraces shall be 5 meters.
Entrance roads into the borrow pit shall be constructed and maintained in such a manner
as to allow safe passage of 2 dump trucks. Dump trucks shall reverse into the loading
area to receive their load.
Unsuitable fill materials shall be stockpiled in a dedicated area and compacted to prevent
erosion.
TO E O F TO P O F P E R M IT
SLO PE SLO PE BO UN D ARY
B
P E R M IT
BO U ND AR Y
B O R R O W P IT N AT UR AL O R
A
F IN IS H G R A D E
H
SETBACKS
D E P T H O F P IT - H A B
U n d e r 1 . 5 m ( 5 f t) 0 0 .3 m (1 f t)
NAT UR AL O R
1 .5 - 9 m ( 5 -3 0 ft) H /2 H /5
F IN I S H G R A D E
O v e r 9 m ( 3 0 f t) 4 .6 m ( 1 5 f t) 1 .8 m (6 f t)
A - S e t b a c k f o r b a s e o f a h i ll s i d e e x c a v a t io n
B - S e t b a c k f o r t o p o f b o r r o w p i t s lo p e
( A d d i t i o n a l w id t h m a y b e r e q u i r e d f o r i n t e r c e p t o r d r a i n )
3.1 RESTORATION OF ACTIVE & IN-ACTIVE BORROW PIT
1. All pits must be restored before abandonment. Restoration steps to be taken before
abandonment are:
Clean up
Drainage and erosion control
Re-contouring
Re-vegetation / Re- greenry
4

STANDARDS
2. Although the pit and surrounding areas should be kept as clean as possible
throughout the operation, any garbage or debris must be completely disposed of at
near by landfill prior to pit abandonment.
3. When re-vegetation / greenry is required, adequate drainage control measures must

be taken. These might include:
a) constructing a berm at the top of the slope to stop water from running into the pit
b) laying brush and slash across the slope to slow run-off and hold back sediment
c) directing run-off away from the pit by cutting drainage ditches
4. When the pit is totally abandoned, the slopes of the pit should be graded to a suitable angle of
repose no steeper than two horizontal to one vertical (2:1).
5. The final shape of the pit should blend into the natural contour of the land. If pit walls
cannot be graded to the suitable angle of repose (2:1), the re-contoured slope
should be gently stepped to help reduce erosion.
6. All overburden and stockpiled, if any, must be spread evenly over the pit floor and
the re-contoured side walls.
7. The topsoil stored/salvaged, if any, must now be spread, topsoil contains seeds and
organic material that will help vegetation re-grown. Without any topsoil, natural re-
vegetation is a much slower process.
8. Once the pit has been re-stored to satisfy enviornmental and ecological conditions,
CPI is to make decision for the final land use (re-use or hand over to the public).
9. Other factors such as climate, type of surface and its moisture holding capabilities:
a) allow natural re-vegetation / greenry with no assistance

b) allow natural re-vegetation / greenry with some assistance; or
c) completely assist re-vegetation / greenry.
10. Safety , security and land ownership signs should be posted for public awareness and
warnings. Emergency contact numbers shall be posted for any assistance.
5

STANDARDS
3.2 ABANDONMENT AND REHABILITATION

OF IN-ACTIVE BORROW PIT
1. The most basic task in abandoning any borrow pit is removal of material. All waste
and other discarded material should be removed from the pit.
2. If access roads are to be abandoned, they must have a system of permanent erosion
control, with erosion bars placed at frequent intervals to ensure stability.
3. The road surface itself should be scarified or ripped to promote natural regeneration,
or to provide a suitable site for re-vegetation.
4. Abandoned roads must be blocked to vehicular access to prevent outsiders and to

avoid soil erosion problems.
5. When local topography has been disturbed, the original contours should be restored,
preferably to grades 2:1 or less.
6. Erosion-prone areas may require re-vegetation to limit future problems. This begins
with providing a fertile surface dressing of topsoil and organic material, which
should have been stockpiled when the area was originally cleared.
7. Until new growth is established, erosion can be controlled by using a mulch to stabilize the
bare ground. One popular method is hydroseeding, whereby a slurry composed of seed,
fertilizer, mulch and water is pumped through a nozzle and sprayed over the ground.
8. Access roads shall be blocked and not to be reopened till such time the re-greenery, and re-
vegetation programs are fully grown and ecology system is secured.
9. A regular maintenance / inspection program shall be implemented to eliminate soil erosion,

mud slide, cavities and large ponds within the borrow pit boundaries.
10. Borrow pit area shall be patrolled by security personnel to keep extruders away entering the
re-stored / re-habilitated borrow pit and to minimizing damaging its environmental system
(re-greenery, re-vegetation) and soil disturbances.
4.0 EXCAVATION, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION
4.1 General
Contractor shall excavate, load, haul, install and compact fill for the roads, well pads,
work sites, and other locations identified on Project Drawings.
6

STANDARDS
Prior to commencing any excavation Work, Contractor shall survey, locate and mark the
routing of existing underground utilities. Contractor shall develop a work plan that shall
include methods for marking out the area to be excavated and for controlling the depth
and profile of the excavations. Excavation work shall be carried out with extreme
caution and care to avoid damage to any existing underground utilities.
4.2 Excavation
Contractor shall maintain the integrity of the sides of all excavations in a safe and stable
condition. Side slopes shall be maintained to a minimum slope of 1(V) to 2 (H) or be
properly shored.
All excess excavation shall be backfilled and compacted.
Contractor shall keep excavations free of water and shall at all times have suitable
equipment at the Work site for dewatering. Dewatering shall be performed to the extent
necessary to prevent heaving, loosening or destabilization of the bottom of the
excavation. Excavations shall be kept dry during the execution and inspection of the
Work. Where excavation is required below the water table, such as required for
installation on thrust bored road crossings, such excavations shall be dewatered and
maintained using a well point system.
All excavations shall be free from blown debris during the time they are open. Any such
material entering an excavation shall be removed prior to backfilling.
4.3 Fill Materials
Contractor shall obtain fill materials from approved borrow pits. Contractor shall load,
haul and unload excavated material suitable for backfill to temporary approved storage
areas. Contractor shall store and preserve the quality of all materials.
All fill material utilized around or under foundations shall be select fill. Select fill
material is defined as material having the following properties:
Soil free of stems, trees, wood and deleterious matter or organic materials in
accordance with AASHTO M 57 (material for embankments and sub-grade)
Soil 100% passing a 3/8 inch (10 mm) sieve
Soil 65% passing on No.200 sieve maximum
Soil having 15% plastic index maximum
Soil having an 8 % LAB CBR minimum by AASHTO T 193
Samples of select fill taken from approved borrow pit sources shall be laboratory tested
as follows:
7

STANDARDS
Lab CBR (soaked) per ASTM D 1883

Moisture density per ASTM D 1557
Grain size distribution per ASTM D 422
Plasticity Index per ASTM D 4318
Liquid Index per ASTM D 4318
A set of three samples shall be taken for every 5000 m3 of homogeneous in situ material.
4.4 Backfill & Compaction
Select fill shall be placed in maximum 200 mm (8-inch) lifts, loose measured, and
compacted to the required density.
No backfilling shall be performed before the foundations have been approved by

Contractors Inspection Department. All backfill shall have compaction tests performed.
If failures occur, additional tests shall be performed after re-compaction.
Compacted areas that fail to comply with the compaction tests shall be re-compacted.
Should any compaction operation cause softening of the subsoil, Contractor shall
immediately stop its operations in the affected area, redirect labor and equipment to other
Work and report the occurrence of softening to the Contractors Inspection Department
in writing along with his proposed procedures for correcting the compaction problem.
Upon review and approval by Contractors Inspection Department, Contractor shall
resume its compaction operations.
Excavated soil unsuitable for backfill material shall be loaded, transported and unloaded
by Contractor to a CPI approved disposal site.
Any planned excavation that could potentially undermine an existing

foundation shall be braced, shored or the foundation shall be
underpinned or otherwise protected against settlement or lateral
movement. Any excavation that intersects an imaginary plane that
extends 45 degrees to the horizontal, projected downward from the
bottom toe of the adjacent footing, is considered to have the potential
to undermine the foundation.
In no case shall compaction be allowed on slopes greater than 1 (V) to

5 (H) (20% slope). A series of horizontal benches, steps, or terraces, at
least 3 meters (10 feet) wide, should be cut into existing and natural
slopes prior to adding new fill. Construction of new slopes shall be
accomplished by compacting horizontal fill layers at least 1 roller width
beyond the design edge of the slope and then trimming back to
achieve the final slope dimensions.
8

STANDARDS
Prior to compaction of backfill a field test section using the intended

compaction equipment shall be performed to determine the proper lift
thickness to achieve the necessary density requirement.
Embankment material shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 150 mm (6 inches) thickness
after compaction and compacted to an average relative density of 85% with no test results
less than 75% average relative density as determined in accordance with ASTM D-4253
and ASTM D-4254. Moisture content during placement shall be slightly less than the
optimum value as determined by ASTM D-1557.
To verify that the specified degree of compaction has been achieved,

in-place density tests ASTM D1556 or D2922 shall be taken after
compaction of each lift. For projects less than 3820 m3 (5000 yards3)
fill, at least one in-place density test shall be made for every 382 m3
(500 yards3) of compacted soil. For projects in excess of 3820 m3 (5000
yards3) and where consistent compaction results can be achieved, the
frequency of testing can be reduced to one test for every 1530 m3
(2000 yards3) of compacted soil.
Contractor shall have all compaction tests performed and recorded. A copy of the
results of all compaction tests shall be furnished to Company Representative and
included in the Project Record Books. Where in-place compaction test results indicate
the specified degree of compaction has not been achieved, additional compaction shall be
required and the area re-tested.
5.0 GRADING
Sites shall be compacted and graded to provide a stable surface. Finished grade
elevations have an allowable tolerance of 25 mm.
6.0 LOCATION ROADS & WELL PADS
6.1 General
The width of the field roads shall be 7 meters, as shown on the Typical Drawing No.
BA-7-RL-029-0 or latest revision.
Well pads shall be 66 m x 48 m, as shown on the Typical Drawing No. BA-7-RL-029-0
or latest revision.
The size and configuration of Rig Sub Structure shall be shown on the Project
Drawings.
9

STANDARDS
The drainage shall be provided as shown on the Typical Drawing No. BA-7-RL-030-0
or latest revision.
6.2 Site Preparation
Contractor shall perform a survey to determine the road and well pad location limit
that will be cut or filled and clearing area limit as shown in the Project Drawings.
6.3 Compaction
The compaction requirements road and well pad locations are as follows:
Subgrade fill of road shall have a minimum field dry density of 90% of the
maximum laboratory dry density.
The top layer of road (1m thickness from surface road) shall have a minimum field
dry density of 95% of maximum laboratory dry density.
The general fill layer (well pad, well test and corridor) shall have a minimum field
dry density of 95% of maximum laboratory dry density.
In areas of unsuitable sub-grade with low bearing strength such as peat or organic
soils, a bridging fill of approximately 0.75 to 1.0 meter deep may be placed with no
compaction criteria with Company representative approval.
The maximum soil layer thickness (lift) shall be in accordance with the Table below:
Equipment Type Capacity Max. Soil Layer Thickness

Sheepsfoot Vibrator 6 kg/cm2 (10 ton) 200 mm
Smooth Drum Vibrator 6 kg/cm2 (10 ton) 200 mm
Pad Drum Vibrator 6 kg/cm2 (10 ton) 250 mm
Plate Tamper 2.5 kg/cm2 150 mm
Compactor 8-10 ton 250 mm
6.4 Compaction Tests
Compaction shall be controlled by field and laboratory testing as follows:
Minimum dry density laboratory test for optimum moisture content per ASTM D
1557.
Field density test using sand cone method per ASTM D 1556. One test for every
1000 m2 on each sub-layer.
6.5 Road and Well Pad Elevation
10

STANDARDS
Finished road elevation as shown on the drawings shall be the high point at the crown
of the road. The elevation of the well pad area is referenced to the existing road
elevation.
6.6 Drainage
Storm water shall be drained into ditches provided on both sides of the road and around
the well pad, as shown on the drawings. (Refer to Typical Drawing No. BA-7-RL-030-0
or latest revision)
Contractor shall advise Company if the water runoff is likely to result in erosion
damage. If required Contractor shall provide drainage improvements to minimize
erosion.
6.7 Culverts
The number, location, size and length of culverts to be installed will be shown on the
Project Drawings. Typical Company required culvert is 24 steel pipe. The length of
the culvert can be estimated as shown below (assumes a 1 (V) to 2 (H) side slope).
CULVERT
CL
BANK
ROAD
BANK
CULVERT LENGTH = L
ROAD
L = ROAD WIDTH + (4 x H)
BANK
H
CULVERT
Fill material shall be thoroughly compacted using hand operated power tampers until
compacted is at least 600 mm above culvert.
Self-propelled compaction equipment shall not be used above culvert until the
compacted material has reached the height of 600 mm minimum, unless approved by
Company.
11

STANDARDS
When a flat bed is required for the bottom of a culvert trench, granular material shall be
provided for bedding to depths indicated on the Project Drawings. Unsuitable soil, as
determined by Company, shall be removed.
6.8 Rig Sub Structure
Contractor shall survey and stake the pipe pile locations and install a piled foundation
rig sub structure as indicated on the Project Drawings using a suitable pile hammer.
Company will determine number of blows/feet per last 900 mm (3 feet) and the blow
count shall be recorded by Contractor.
Refer to Typical Drawing for Rig Structures of the latest revisions.
Contractor shall handle the sub structure beams with care as Company will reuse
these beams for future wells.
6.9 Power Pole Pad
Unless otherwise indicated on the Project Drawings, Contractor shall construct a 5 m x

5 m pad for power poles at every 110 m length along the rig road as indicated on the
Project Drawings.
6.10 Geotextile Materials
Company Representative will determine if the geotextile material is required prior to

construction of the road and well pad location. Geotextile material shall be installed
above the subgrade to minimize any damage to the geotextile material.
6.11 Cellar Box Installation
Contractor shall fabricate and install a wooden cellar box at the well pad location as
shown in the Project Drawings. (Refer to Typical Drawing No. BD-6-BKSP-CI-124 or
the latest revision)
6.12 Conductor Pipe Installation
Contractor shall install a 24 conductor pipe at the well pad location with suitable pile
hammer. The number of blows/feet for last 900 mm (3 feet) shall be determined by
Company Representative.
6.13 Mud Pit Excavation & Closing
12

STANDARDS
Contractor shall construct a mud pit in accordance with Project Drawings. Contractor
shall make a temporary drain for the mud pit to keep rainwater from forming a pool
prior to initiating drilling activity. Contractor shall sample and backfill the mud pit
after drilling completion as directed by Company Representative in accordance CPIs
Guidelines for Pit Closures (Reference Drawing No. BA-7-RL-029-0 or latest revision).
Samples and closing shall be followed as per CPI guideline EP-18, revison-1, 9910
(attached).
6.14 Dress Up Location
Contractor shall dress up location after the drilling rig leaves. A fresh layer of fill may
be needed to restore the pad to as good as new condition.
7.0 ASPHALT PAVING
7.1 General
Contractor shall install asphaltic concrete paving where indicated in the Project
Drawings. Installation shall include, but not be limited to, hauling of all materials,
excavating, backfilling and compacting the base course, applying the prime coat, placing
and compacting the surface course, restoring adjacent areas and facilities clean-up.
7.2 Subgrade Preparation
Rough grading shall be completed as far in advance of the construction

of the surfacing as feasible. Soft and unstable material that will not
compact when rolled or tamped shall be removed and replaced with
approved fill material.
The entire subgrade shall be compacted to not less than 95 percent of

the maximum dry density per (ASTM D1557, or AASHTO T180) or to
85% of relative density determined by ASTM D4253 and D4254. All
holes, ruts, soft places, and other defects shall be corrected. In no
case shall the subbase or base course be placed on soft or unstable
material, or over areas that are not drained. If the subgrade is dusty or
muddy, operations shall be delayed until it is in an improved condition.
The subgrade shall be constructed so that after being compacted it will

conform to the alignment, grade, and cross-section shown on the
plans, and as required by the Project construction specification.
Where rolling of the subgrade is required, any areas that are

inaccessible to a roller shall be compacted either by a mechanical or
13

STANDARDS
hand tamper. The subgrade shall be kept drained during the placing
and compacting of the base course or subbase surface. If berms of
earth are deposited along the area upon which the base or surface
course is being placed, provision shall be made for surface drainage by
cutting lateral ditches through the berms of earth.
The finished subgrade shall be maintained in a smooth and compacted

condition until the subbase, base course, and surface course are
placed.
7.3 Placing
Granular base material shall be placed in layers of uniform thickness

with approved spreaders. Layer thickness shall not exceed 150 mm
after compaction unless compacting equipment can achieve
acceptable degree of compaction to the full layer depth. When the
base or subbase course is constructed in more than one layer, the
previously constructed layers shall be cleaned of loose and foreign
matter. The water content of the material shall be maintained during
compaction at the optimum percentage (+ 1-1/2%) as determined by
ASTM D1557.
7.4 Compaction
The rolling shall continue until the base and subbase are compacted to
not less than (100 percent for the base and 95 percent for the
subbase). In-place density shall be measured by ASTM D2922 or other
approved methods.
7.5 Finishing
The surface of the compacted material shall be finished by blading or

with automated equipment especially designed for this purpose and
rolled with a steel-wheeled roller. In no case shall thin layers of fine
materials be added to the top layer of the base course in order to meet
the required elevation. The surface of the completed base shall not
show any deviation in excess of 6 mm (1/4 inch) when tested with a 3
meter (10 feet) straightedge. The completed thickness of the base
shall be within + 6 mm (1/4 inch) of the thickness indicated, and the
average thickness shall not be less than the design thickness.
7.6 Prime Coats and Tack Coats
14

STANDARDS
Prior to the application of the prime coat the surface shall be cleaned
of all loose dirt and other objectionable materials by means of
approved mechanical sweepers or blower and or hand broom.
Prime coat shall be applied only when the surface to be treated is dry
and when the weather is not foggy or rainy. The prime coat shall be
applied uniformly to the surface of the base using a pressure
distributor at a rate between and at a temperature as recommended
by the manufacturer. The prime coat materials shall be applied to a
width of 300 mm (1 feet) greater on each side of the road than the
specified width of the finished surface.
The prime coat shall be permitted to cure until the underlying surface
is penetrated, but at no time shall the curing period be less than 24
hours. The prime coat shall be fully set and cured before placing an
asphalt mixture on the base.
Prior to the application of the tack coat the surface shall be swept and
cleaned until it is free from all loose dirt and any other objectionable
materials. The tack coat shall be applied on paved surfaces by means
of bitumen distributor at a maximum rate recommended by the
manufacturer. The tack coat shall be uniformly applied over the entire
surface of the area to be covered. Tack coat shall not be placed during
rainy weather, nor when the moisture on the surface to be paved
would prevent proper bond. If application of the surface course is
delayed by more than three days, or if dirt, sand or other impurities
have contaminated the tack coat, then a new tack coat shall be applied
after the original one has been swept clean.
7.7 Asphalt Concrete Paving
The combined mineral aggregates for Binder course and Asphalt

surface shall not consist of soft and friable materials and shall conform
to the following requirements:
Company shall approve the Job-Mix formula. Upon receiving the job-mix
formula, Contractor shall adjust his plant to proportion the individual
aggregate, mineral filler and asphalt to produce a final mix.
The mixture temperature shall have a temperature between 139 deg C

and 163 deg C when it leaves the plant. The asphaltic concrete
material will not be accepted unless it is covered with tarpaulins until
15

STANDARDS
unloaded, and unless it has a temperature of at least 139 deg C. The

asphaltic concrete shall be placed only when the weather is not foggy
or rainy and when the existing surface is free from moisture.
Bituminous mixture shall be spread in a placement thickness so that

after rolling, the nominal thickness of the compacted bituminous
material shall not be more than 80 mm per layer and not less than 50
mm per layer. The compaction requirements shall be equal to or
greater than 96% of the marshall density per ASTM D1559.
In no case shall thin layers of fine materials be added to the top of the
wearing course in order to achieve the required thickness or specified
tolerances.
Protect newly placed sections from traffic by barricades or other

suitable method. After final rolling, do not permit vehicular traffic on
asphalt concrete pavement until it has hardened properly.
8.0 EVAPORATION PONDS/BURN PITS
Unless otherwise specified on the Project Drawings, Contractor shall line evaporation
ponds or burn pits with compacted natural clay material. Soil additives, such as calcium
bentonite, may be required to meet the impermeability requirements.
9.0 MUD PIT SAMPLING & CLOSURE PROCEDURE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Purpose EP.18 - 1
1.2. Scope EP.18 - 1
1.3. CPI SH&E Policy EP.18 - 2
1.4. Discussion of Wastes That Might be Contained in a Pit EP.18 - 3
1.5. Guidelines for Wastes That May or May Not Be Hazardous EP.18 - 5
II. PIT CLOSURE
2.1. Applicability EP.18 - 6
16

STANDARDS
2.2. Siting Considerations EP.18 - 6
2.3. Construction of Pit EP.18 - 7
2.4. Operation of Pit EP.18 - 8
2.5. Pit Closure EP.18 9
III. PIT CLOSURE WORKSHEETS
1. Pit Information EP.18 12

2. Sampling & Characterization of Pit Material EP.18 13
3. Post-Excavation Sampling of Pit EP.18 14
4. Closure Summary EP.18

- 15
IV. APPENDIX I RECOMMENDED SAMPLING PROCEDURES
17

STANDARDS
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
This Pit Closure Guideline provides practical procedures for field personnel in CPI in
regard with Pit Closure Management.
Due to possible changing of environmental regulations it is necessary for users to

maintain contact with Corporate SH&E. Corporate SH&E - Environmental Affairs Team
will monitor Bapedals and Local GOIs regulations and will prepare up dates as needed.
The Pertamina/BPPKA and Migas guidelines as well as IPA and Industry guideline for
this Pit Closure Guideline will be monitored as well, if any, and the guideline will be
updated accordingly.
This guideline is intended to reflect a high level of environmental protection and

awareness but cannot replace specific rules or regulations; and they do not replace
governmental requirements. If this guideline is in conflict with, or less stringent than, the
applicable law or rule or regulation, the rule or regulation should govern.
1.2 SCOPE
This document is intended to provide guidance for Pit Closure. However, there may be
conditions which require assistance from Corporate SH&E. Therefore, if in doubt please
seek assistance.
This document is designed for field application. Field personnel are the most important
members of the Environmental Team. You are encouraged to provide input in order to
maintain a current and useful working document.
How to use this manual
This manual has four sections:
Section I provides the user with an Introduction, along with background information on
CPI SH&E Policy, Waste to be handled at Pit, and Health & Safety of Pit Closure
Management.
Section II discusses Pit Closure Management.
Section III contains the recommended worksheets to be used when closing a pit.
Section IV contains the recommended sampling procedures.
18

STANDARDS
1.3 CPI SH&E POLICY
It is the policy of PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia to conduct its business in business in a

socially responsible and ethical manner that protects the safety and health of its
employees, contractors, dependents, and the public, and safeguards the environment. It
is our vision to be recognized as a leader in safety, health and the environmental
performance among all the Indonesia Prodution Sharing Contractors. In doing so, the
company will:
Comply with all safety, health and environmental laws or regulations and recognized
industry standards and self-regulate where there are none.
Exhibit socially conscious leadership and demonstrate exemplary safety, health and
environmental performance.
Seek opportunities to participate in the formulation of safety, health and environmental

legislation, regulations or standards that may significantly impact our business. Work
actively to cooperate and maintain liaison with appropriate government agencies and
other professional institutions to ensure timely, reasonable and cost effective solutions for
issues wherever possible.
Integrate safety, health and environmental protection into every aspect of our business
activities.
Design, construct, operate and maintain our facilities following relevant standards,
good engineering practices and applying the principles of risk management to provide
safe and healthful workplaces and minimize the risk and prevent the discharge of oil and
other hazardous substances to the air, water and land. Encourage applications of
appropriate technology in improving the quality of the environment.
Train employees and contractors in policies, procedures, practices and laws applicable to
their assigned duties emphasizing individual responsibility for sound safety, health and
environmental management.
Conserve company and natural resources by prudent management of emissions and

discharges and by eliminating unnecessary waste.
Encourage employees to initiate and maintain an open dialogue within the company and
with the public or its agents regarding safety, health and environmental matters.
Recognize and respond as appropriate to company and community concerns about such
matters.
19

STANDARDS
Work to resolve any problems created by past operations, practices or handling of oil or
hazardous materials.
Ensure conformity with this policy by a comprehensive compliance program including

audits.
1.4 DISCUSSION OF WASTES THAT MIGHT BE CONTAINED IN A PIT
Waste products associated with oil and gas production are not exempted from hazardous
waste regulations. Therefore, some of the waste could be hazardous, while some other
could be non-hazardous depending upon the testing result.
Those SBUs producing waste may use only waste transporters authorized by the
respective SBU Management. Disposal of oil and gas waste may only occur at facilities if
approved by SBU Management.
Shown below is a list of production related wastes which may or may not be hazardous
and which might be contained in Pit: (Produced Water is considered as Non Hazardous
Waste)
I. - Drilling Fluids
- Drilling Muds and Cuttings
- Rigwash
- Well completion, treatment, and stimulation fluids
- Basic sediment and water and other tank bottoms from storage facilities that hold
product and waste
- Accumulated materials such as hydrocarbons, solids, sand, and emulsion from
production separators, fluid treating vessels, and production impoundments
- Pit sludges and contaminated bottoms from storage or disposal of wastes
- Workover wastes
- Gas plant dehydration wastes, including glycol-based compounds, and filter
backwash
- Gas plant wastes
- Cooling tower blowdown
- Filter backwash
- Produced sand
- Pipe scale, hydrocarbon solids, and other deposits removed from piping and
equipment prior to transportation
- Hydrocarbon-bearing soil
- Pigging wastes from gathering lines
- Constituents removed from produced water before it is injected or otherwise
disposed of
- Liquid hydrocarbons removed from the production stream
20

STANDARDS
- Materials ejected from a producing well during the process known as blowdown
- Waste crude oil from primary field operations and production
- Light organics volatilized from wastes in reserve pits or impoundments or
production equipment.
- Excess cement slurries and cement cuttings
- Produced water
- Wastes from the reclamation of tank bottoms and emulsions when generated at a
production location
- Production line hydrotest/preserving fluids utilizing produced water
- Iron sulfide.
- Incinerator ash
The following is a list of production related wastes which are likely to be hazardous
waste; this type of waste might be contained in Pit Bottom:
II. - Unused fracturing fluids or acids

- Gas plant cooling tower cleaning wastes
- Painting wastes
- Oil and gas service company wastes, such as, drum rinsate, vacuum truck rinsate,
sandblast media, painting wastes, spent solvents, spilled chemicals, and waste
acids
- Vacuum truck and drum rinsate from trucks and drums transporting or containing
hazardous waste
- Liquid and solid wastes generated by crude oil and pit and tank bottom cleaning
- Used equipment lubrication oils
- Waste compressor oil, filters, and blowdown
- Used hydraulic fluids
- Waste solvents
- Waste in transportation pipeline-related pits
- Caustic or acid cleaners
- Boiler cleaning wastes
- Field laboratory wastes
- Pesticide wastes
- Radioactive tracer wastes
- Oily producing sand
- Spent and excess chemicals
21

STANDARDS
1.5 GUIDELINES FOR WASTES THAT MAY OR MAY NOT BE HAZARDOUS
Any waste product which appears on the List I should be tested if there is any reason to believe
that it might contain any hazardous compounds or exhibit any hazardous characteristics (i.e.
toxic, reactive, corrosive or ignitable).
On the other hand, any waste product which appears on the List II may be tested if there is any
reason to believe that it might not hazardous.
A. Non-Compliance Assessments
This manual was designed, with proper use, to prevent the fines and penalties mentioned
in regulation.
B. Health & Safety of Pit Closure Management
The goal of proper Pit Closure Management is to protect Human Health and the
Environment.
Therefore, the guideline should be used in conjunction with applicable CPI Safety, Health
and Environmental Policy and Programs. References for these Programs and Policy
include:
CPI SH&E Guidelines

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
When hazardous wastes are generated and stored on site at a temporary accumulation
facility, then the training, documentation of training, emergency response procedures and
equipment provisions of Hazardous Waste Regulation must be complied with.
Corporate SH&E personnel are available to answer questions and provide additional
assistance.
II. PIT CLOSURE
This guideline provides information about the closure of all related exploration and production
pits.
Pits were previously constructed and utilized because they were the most practical alternative for
storing fluids and wastes produced during exploration and production operation.
22

STANDARDS
Pit bottom usually consist of sand, silt, paraffin, iron sulfide, debris oil, produced water, and
other materials. Pits are normally have a natural clay, manufactured plastic liner or concrete
lining.
2.1. APPLICABILITY
A. Drilling Reserve Pit and CMTF
Drilling Reserve Pits provide temporary storage for water based drilling fluids. When
drilling is completed, the pit is immediately closed. Centralized Mud Treating Facilities
(CMTF) collect and treat the water based drilling fluids prior to discharge.
B. Workover Pits or Well Site Pit
Workover Pits or Well Site Pit provide temporary storage for spent workover fluids, silt,
sand, debris, water, brine, oil scum, spent foam, or other materials cleaned out of a well.
When the operation is completed, these pits were immediately drained and back filled
after disposing of the waste in accordance with current waste management plans.
C. Production Pits (including Satellite Well Pit)
Production Pits including Satellite Well Pit provide temporary containment for fluids
produced prior to transport to gathering station; Satellite Well Pit is also used to test
well production; therefore, this pit do not active if no fluid to be transferred to gathering
station or if there is no well testing. Under normal conditions, these pits might be used
or become active. It is used also as catch basins for routine operation, such as blow
down, bleeding and sample purging.
D. Gathering Station Pit (including Steam Station Pit; CVCS and Tank Farm Pit)
Gathering Station Pits is utilize the gravity separation process for removing oil from
produced water. These pits have a long life and require a compacted natural clay,
manufactured plastic liner, or concrete liner. Special precautions should be taken to
ensure there is no leakage if they are located where leakage may pose a substantial
risk to human health or the environment. These pits are not active at GSs with zero
discharge; therefore, under normal conditions, these pits are not active; they become
active during abnormal condition such as injection pump failure.
2.2. SITING CONSIDERATIONS
A. Location
To the extent practical, pits are located in an environment that has an acceptably low
sensitivity to such operations.
23

STANDARDS
B. Criteria
Some of the criteria used for assessing site suitability during the construction period are
as follows:
1. Pits may be above or below ground level, depending on the depth of the ground-
water table. Where the water table is high, the above ground Pit should be chosen.
The pits bottom is at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) higher than the seasonal high, ground-
water table.
2. Sites normally have surface deposits with a hydraulic conductivity of 10-5 cm/sec
or less. Sites with sandstone, stream alluvium, and terrace deposits should be avoided to
the extent practical.
3. Pits should not constructed if near usable water, buried channel aquifers, or
drainage systems unless they are constructed with a suitable natural clay,
manufactured plastic liner, or concrete liner.
2.3. CONSTRUCTION OF PIT
These guidelines should be used by SBUs when constructing pits:
A. Size and Materials
1. The topsoil removed during the construction of a pit should be stocked pile to be
reused as the final cover when closing the pit a regreening purpose.
2. The pits should be sized appropriately, to ensure that the capacity is adequate to
maintain a suitable freeboard, normally up to 0.6 meters (2 feet) vertical
measurement but not larger than necessary.
B. Design Features, General
The pits should designed:
1. With a low point or a sump at one end so that the pit can be pumped out completely.
2. To prevent fluids from blowing or spraying out of the pit.
24

STANDARDS
3. With elevated dikes or diversion ditches around the pit where appropriate to provide
protection from surface runoff water.
C. Design Features, Liner
1. Purpose and Materials

The natural clay, manufactured plastic liner, or concrete liner is meant to protect the
bottom and sides of the pit and is equivalent to at least a 0.6 meter (2 feet) thick
layer (for natural clay liner), having a hydraulic conductivity of less than 10 -5
cm/sec. The liner may be made of re-compacted clay, a manufactured plastic or
membrane liner, or concrete liner, or of a combination.
2. Manufactured Plastic or Membrane Liners

If manufactured plastic or membrane liners were choosen, they usually have the
following characteristics:
a. Nominal thickness greater than 0.76 millimeters (0.030 inches)

b. Tensile strength at yield greater than 13 kg/cm (75 lbs/inch)
c. Tensile strength at break greater than 21 kg/cm (120 lbs/inch)
d. Tear strength greater than 10 kg (22 lbs)
e. Puncture resistance greater than 23 kg (50 lbs)
3. Double Liner
If a pits contents would pose a substantial risk to human health or the environment,
the pit were prevented from leaking as follows:
a. Double lining the pit

b. Install ground-water monitoring wells around its periphery
c. Consider installation of a leachate collection system
2.4. OPERATION OF PITS
Pit operations are affected by surrounding conditions such as high ground or swampy area.
It is affected by soil and by the characteristics of contents as well. Despite these defenses,
SBUs normally follow these general guidelines:
A. Protect Human Health and the Environment
1. Do not allow openings or siphons to be placed in or over the pits walls.
25

STANDARDS
2. Where appropriate, fence a pit for site security and to prevent entry by wildlife or
domestic animals.
3. Where a pit poses a hazard to insects, birds and other animals, it would be
covered with net to prevent them from landing in the pit.
B. Maintain for Purpose
Pits are to be used only for the type of fluids or wastes for which they are intended or
designed. Extraneous, non-compatible fluids should not be drained into pits because
they can alter the closure techniques.
C. Emergency Conditions
Adequate freeboard should be maintained to handle operational upsets and emergencies

and should :
1. Not allow the liquid levels in pits to reach within 0.6 meters (2 feet) of the top of
the pits levees or walls.
2. Maintain the pits walls to protect against deterioration, subsequent overfill, and
leakage.
3. Re-evaluate any facilitys design and operating procedures if gathering station pits
are used frequently at zero discharge station.
2.5. PIT CLOSURE
A. Decision
SBUs should close a pit under any of the following conditions:
1. Its integrity is questionable, and remedies are unwarranted.
2. It poses a hazard to human health or the environment that cannot be mitigated

suitably.
3. It is no longer needed.
B. Closure Considerations
1. Within six months after ceasing use of a pit, empty it of all fluids and bottom
sludges and close it in such a way that minimizes the overall impact on the
26

STANDARDS
environment. When a large number of pits must be closed, it may be necessary to

assign higher priorities for closure of certain pits.
2. Currently, the recommended maximum acceptable TPH (oil content)

concentrations are 1500 mg/kg for Duri crude in soil, and 2500 mg/kg for all
other types of CPI crudes in soil. These endpoint concentrations apply only to
TPH. Acceptable closure concentrations for metals or other specific
contaminants may be developed in the future.
3. The pit closure process should be thoroughly documented. A permanent record of
the site closure, including pre- and post-closure photographs, sample analyses, and
a description of the remediation activities and any other work (backfilling,
regreening), should be compiled for each pit. Worksheets are attached in Section III
to assist the SBUs with the documentation.
4. Before closing a pit, send representative samples of the pits contents or bottom or
both to a diagnostic laboratory for analysis. The analyses may include:
a. pH
b. Oil content
c. Metals content (TCLP Metal, and if required Total Metals and LD50 by
calculation)
d. Organic content (Volatile and Semi Volatile organic content) - if required
e. Solution phase electrical conductivity - if required
f. Solution phase sodium adsorption ratio - if required
g. Solid phase exchangeable sodium percentage - if required
1. Samples of the pit material or post-excavation soil at the bottom of each pit should
be sampled using a procedure that is statistically rigorous. This will provide the
field person with a high level of confidence that the closure endpoint concentration
has been reached. The recommended sampling procedures are described in
Appendix I.
2. Depending on the pits constituents:
a. Reuse the contents if possible, or transport them to another pit for the purpose of
reuse.
b. Dispose of the contents by injection, incineration, or transport them to an
appropriate disposal facility.
c. Use the contents as Premix.
1. When carrying out the final steps of closing a pit:
a. Grade the site so that it drains well and does not pool water.
27

STANDARDS
b. Spread any stockpiled topsoil over the site.

c. Enhance the surface soil (if needed) to support revegetation.
d. Provide suitable vegetation (consistent with natural surroundings) if appropriate
to control erosion.
C. Pit Closure Sequence
The following sequence applies to closure of any unlined pit where there is no
indication of soil or groundwater impacts beyond the immediate vicinity of the pit.
1. Select pit to close based on established priorities.
2. Record site information required in Worksheet A of this guideline.
3. If required for disposal purposes, collect sample(s) of liquid in pit. Submit to lab
for appropriate analyses.
4. Remove pit liquids using vacuum truck or another appropriate method.
5. If required for disposal purposes, collect sample(s) of waste material at bottom of

pit using recommended sampling procedures listed in Appendix I, if practical. If random
method is not feasible (middle of pit not accessible), collect up to 10 equal-sized
subsamples of pit material from near the sides and mix together. Collect a single
composite sample from the mixture. Submit this sample to lab for appropriate analyses.
Record information in Worksheet B.
6. If laboratory results of waste material indicate elevated concentrations of oil

(above the acceptable levels listed above), excavate and transport the waste material to
offsite treatment / disposal area.
7. Following excavation of waste material from bottom and sides of pit, perform
another sampling event of the clean pit according to the procedure in Appendix I.
Submit composite sample(s) to laboratory for appropriate analyses. Record information
in Worksheet C.
8. Backfill or grade the pit. Revegetate.
9. Record appropriate information on Worksheet D. Include copies of all drawings,

analyses, and photographs. Combine all worksheets and supporting information into a
single package. It is recommended that all pit closure packages be stored in a central
location for future reference.
28

STANDARDS
WORKSHEET A
PIT INFORMATION
CPI SBU: Rumbai Minas Duri Bekasap SO
FIELD / SITE:
WELL NO. / CMTF / STATION:
LOCATION (coordinates or long. / lat.):
TYPE OF PIT:
APPROXIMATE PIT DIMENSIONS (LxWxD, m):
ESTIMATED VOLUME OF CONTENTS (m3):
TOTAL OIL WATER SOLIDS
DESCRIBE HOW PIT WAS OPERATED:
OTHER SITE FEATURES (proximity to residences, surface water, etc.):
SKETCH OR MAP ATTACHED: YES NO
PHOTOGRAPHS ATTACHED: YES NO
WORKSHEET PREPARED BY:
SBU:
PHONE:
29

STANDARDS
DATE:
30

STANDARDS
WORKSHEET B
SAMPLING & CHARACTERIZATION OF PIT MATERIAL
SAMPLES:
DATE SAMPLE NUMBER MEDIA SAMPLED REQ. ANALYSES
ANALYTICAL RESULTS ATTACHED: YES NO
SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD(S):
SAMPLES COLLECTED BY:
SBU:
PHONE:
31

STANDARDS
DATE:
32

STANDARDS
WORKSHEET C
POST-EXCAVATION SAMPLING OF PIT
SAMPLES:
DATE SAMPLE NUMBER MEDIA SAMPLED REQ. ANALYSES
ANALYTICAL RESULTS ATTACHED: YES NO
SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD(S):
SAMPLES COLLECTED BY:
SBU:
33

STANDARDS
PHONE:
DATE:
34

STANDARDS
WORKSHEET D
CLOSURE SUMMARY
The following is a summary of the pit elimination activities that were conducted.
PIT DESCRIPTION / LOCATION:
ACTIVITY DATE(S)
Site photographs obtained prior to closure. Yes No
Pit content samples collected for analyses. Yes No
Liquid removed from pit. Yes No
Solids removed from pit. Yes No
Pit samples collected after remediation or Yes No

excavation of contents.
Pit backfilled with clean soil and graded. Yes No
Surface planted to prevent erosion. Yes No
Site photographs obtained after closure. Yes No
OTHER INFORMATION
Approximately bbl of liquid were removed from the pit and disposed of by
Approximately m3 of solids
were managed onsite / offsite by
The appropriate closure endpoint was determined to be __
Pit analyses, after remediation or excavation, indicated average concentrations of
Work coordinated by Date completed
35

STANDARDS
APPENDIX I
RECOMMENDED SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Selection of Sampling Points: Sampling should be done by a truly random method to

avoid biasing the results. This is an obvious, but commonly encountered problem.
Sampling points should be selected from an imaginary grid superimposed upon a map
of the site prior to arriving at the site. The grid must be tight enough to avoid bias in
collection. This will prevent sampling only in areas of visual contamination (or the
reverse). Random sampling will allow the statistical truth to come out. A simple method
for selecting random samples is provided in the site specific examples below.
Background Samples: In addition to sampling the contaminated area, collect samples

(which also can be composited) of the same soil type from an area believed not to be
contaminated. Analysis of these background samples will permit discrimination
between normal background and actual contamination. (The concentrations of metals
in soil are highly variable and some organic analyses are non-specific.)
Sampling Procedures
1.0 Sampling Equipment and Cleanliness: Use augers or pipes since they are readily
available and when used properly give samples of uniform size. Shovels can be
used, but care must be employed to ensure that sampling holes are dug in the same
manner and samples extracted in a reproducible manner. In order to eliminate cross-
contamination between sites, tools must be cleaned according to section 1.1. If
practical, tools should also be cleaned between each sample. If this is not possible
due to time constraints or other logistical factors, the tool should be wiped free of
loose and solid and liquids using a clean paper towel.
1.1 Cleaning and Cleanliness: The person taking the samples should wear latex or
nitrile gloves. Sampling equipment must be kept clean to avoid cross-contamination
of samples. Clean all sampling equipment by washing with detergent (such as
ALCONOX) in deionized water, followed by rinsing with deionized water. Clean the
sampling equipment between each sample or composite sample. Change gloves
(latex or nitrile) between sampling stations. Collect and separate the washings and
dirty sampling equipment for proper disposal at the laboratory.
1.2 Supplies and Equipment
Pipe, 2.25 ID
36

STANDARDS
Jars, pre-cleaned, quality assured, 500 mL glass, Teflon-lined lids (3 per composite
sample)
Coolers, 40-50 L
Blue ice packs
Labels
Water proof pens (Sharpie)
Water proof notebook
Field forms
Clipboard
Tape measure or other method for accurately measuring distances at sites
1.3 Labeling
Construct a list of samples to be taken and set up a logbook for recording samples and
their location. Produce a list of samples for each site visit. This can act as a chain-of-
custody form. Label each sample by including the SBU, field location, site location,
date, time of day, and person collecting the sample.
1.4 Composite Sampling
1. Ensure that the auger or pipe is clean before sampling.

2. Choose the sampling locations randomly prior to arriving on site.
3. Position the auger on the surface of the site and twist the auger.
4. Sample to a depth appropriate for each site type.
5. Place the sample in a clean plastic pail.
6. Move to the next sampling location.
7. Mix the 10 samples in the bucket thoroughly with a clean stainless steel spoon or
spatula to make a composite sample.
8. Sub-sample the composite and fill 3 pre-cleaned 500 mL jar with a Teflon liner.
9. Ensure the sample is properly labeled and note the collection on the chain-of-
custody form.
10. Store the sample in a cooler containing Blue-ice.
11. Before leaving the site, clean the sampling apparatus.
37

STANDARDS
1.5 Sample Size: In general, 3-500 mL samples should be sufficient for both
hydrocarbon and metals analysis. One jar of each sample should be retained for future
analysis in case of suspected laboratory error or the need to analyze for other
constituents at a later time. One jar will be sent to Core Labs and one to the Duri Lab
for analysis.
1.6 Stratified Sampling: It may be visually apparent or the history of the site indicates
that the contamination is not evenly distributed with depth. In this case, it may be
desirable to collect samples from various depths. For example, at a spill site,
contamination may be predominantly in the top 15 cm. A decision might then be made
to collect samples from the 0 to 15 cm and the 15 to 30 cm intervals.
1.7 Documentation: Each sampling point should be drawn on a map of the site. A
hand-rendered map of the site drawn to scale will suffice and aid in subsequent analysis
of the results.
38

STANDARDS
Site Specific Considerations
Example 1. Pit Sampling
In this example, samples are taken in a pit approximately 100 m in length and 100 m
wide.
1) As shown below, overlay a square 50 x 50 grid on a drawing of the pit scaled so that
the grid completely covers the area of contamination. For this size site, each grid
square is 2 m x 2 m.
39

STANDARDS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
2) Choose the sampling locations using pairs of random numbers selected from the
attached table. For example, the first sampling location will be at column 45, row 33
on the overlying grid. The coordinates of this sampling point are (45,33).
3) Continue selecting sampling points in the same manner. Note that some of the
points lie off the contaminated area. Do not sample at these points, but continue
until at least ten sampling points have been identified in the contaminated area. The
first 14 randomly selected points are shown on the drawing below. Sample at the 10
points in the contaminated area.
40

STANDARDS
4) Cross off the numbers used from the random number table and never use
them again.
N
origin
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
5) At the site, pound a stake into the ground at coordinates 0,0 (marked with an X on
the map), the origin of the grid. Each sampling point will be in the exact center of the
selected grid square. To find this exact location, multiply each coordinate by 2 (the
size of each square) then add 1 (one-half the size of each square). For example, the
sampling point with coordinates (45,33) will be found at 91 m east (45 x 2 + 1) and 67
m south (33 x 2 + 1) of the origin. The exact sample location is shown on the
drawing below.
41

STANDARDS
N
origin
91 m
67 m
sampling point
42

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PT CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

PREPARED BY PT CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

2.0 SITE PREPARATION................................................................................................3

3.0 BORROW PITS...........................................................................................................4

4.0 EXCAVATION, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION.........................................6

6.0 LOCATION ROADS & WELL PADS.......................................................................9

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

6.14 DRESS UP LOCATION....................................................................................................13

7.0 ASPHALT PAVING...................................................................................................13

8.0 EVAPORATION PONDS/BURN PITS...................................................................15

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

The Work shall include, but not be limited to:

2.0 SITE PREPARATION

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

3.0 BORROW PITS

3.1 RESTORATION OF ACTIVE & IN-ACTIVE BORROW PIT

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

3. When re-vegetation / greenry is required, adequate drainage control measures must

c) directing run-off away from the pit by cutting drainage ditches

a) allow natural re-vegetation / greenry with no assistance

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

3.2 ABANDONMENT AND REHABILITATION

4. Abandoned roads must be blocked to vehicular access to prevent outsiders and to

9. A regular maintenance / inspection program shall be implemented to eliminate soil erosion,

4.0 EXCAVATION, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

All excess excavation shall be backfilled and compacted.

4.3 Fill Materials

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

Lab CBR (soaked) per ASTM D 1883

4.4 Backfill & Compaction

No backfilling shall be performed before the foundations have been approved by

Any planned excavation that could potentially undermine an existing

In no case shall compaction be allowed on slopes greater than 1 (V) to

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

Prior to compaction of backfill a field test section using the intended

To verify that the specified degree of compaction has been achieved,

6.0 LOCATION ROADS & WELL PADS

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

6.2 Site Preparation

Equipment Type Capacity Max. Soil Layer Thickness

6.4 Compaction Tests

Compaction shall be controlled by field and laboratory testing as follows:

6.5 Road and Well Pad Elevation

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

6.8 Rig Sub Structure

Refer to Typical Drawing for Rig Structures of the latest revisions.

6.9 Power Pole Pad

Unless otherwise indicated on the Project Drawings, Contractor shall construct a 5 m x

6.10 Geotextile Materials

Company Representative will determine if the geotextile material is required prior to

6.11 Cellar Box Installation

6.12 Conductor Pipe Installation

6.13 Mud Pit Excavation & Closing

EARTHWORKS & BORROW PITS

6.14 Dress Up Location

7.0 ASPHALT PAVING

7.2 Subgrade Preparation

Rough grading shall be completed as far in advance of the construction

The entire subgrade shall be compacted to not less than 95 percent of