First Term : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY : 3.

Chemical bonding (test)

Test 3
1. (a) An X-ray analysis of hydrogen sulphide shows that the bond angle of H-S-H is 92o. How can this happen?
[2m]
(b) The sulphur atom can form SF6 molecule with fluorine atoms. Draw and name the shape of SF6 molecule.
[2m]
(c) Draw the Lewis structure and predict the shape of the following molecules.
(i) methane, CH4 (ii) ammonia, NH3
(iii) water, H2O (iv) aluminium chloride, AlCl3 [4m]
(d) Predict and draw the shape of each of the following ions/molecule:
(i) SiF62- (ii) ICl2- [2m]

2. Discuss each of the following observations as fully as you can.

(i) The melting point of calcium oxide is higher than that of potassium chloride. [2m]
(ii) Butane and propanone have the same relative molecular mass but the boiling point of butane and
propanone are 0 oC and 56 oC respectively. [2m]
(iii) Aluminium fluoride is an ionic compound while aluminium chloride is a covalent compound. [2m]
(iv) The relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid in benzene solution is approximately 120. [1m]

3. Boron and iodine are located in different groups in the Periodic Table. Boron atom can combine with fluorine
atoms to form BF3 molecule only, while iodine atom can combine with fluorine atoms to form IF3, IF5 and IF7
molecules.
(a) Write the valence electronic configuration of iodine atom. [1m]
(b) Draw the Lewis structure and state the shape of (i) BF3 (ii) IF3 [2m]
(c) Explain why iodine atom can form IF5, but boron atom cannot for BF5 molecule. [1m]

4. The boiling point of NH3, H2O and HF are unexpectedly high if compare to the molecules of their size. This is
due to the type of intermolecular force present.
(i) Identify the type of intermolecular force responsible.
(ii) Draw a diagram to show how two molecules of ammonia are attracted to each other by this type of
intermolecular force. Induce partial charges and all lone pairs of electrons in your diagram. Explain the
presence of these partial charges. [4m]

5. (a) Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 is a strong oxidizing agent. It is used as a bleaching agent for cloth and hair. The
structural formula of hydrogen peroxide is H-O-O-H.
(i) Draw the Lewis structure of hydrogen peroxide. [1m]
(ii) State the hybridization of the oxygen atoms in hydrogen peroxide. [1m]
(iii) Predict the molecular shape of hydrogen peroxide with respect to oxygen atoms. Draw the molecular
structure for hydrogen peroxide. [3m]
(b) The species ICl4 and I3 have different shapes.
-

(i) What is meant by the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory? [2m]
(ii) Draw the Lewis structures of ICl4 and I3 . Predict their shapes using the valence shell electron
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repulsion theory. [2m]