UNDERSTANDING IP ADDRESS

IP or Internet Protocol address is a unique number assigned to each device

connected on the network. There are two versions of IP address, version 4
and version 6. Version 6 is not commonly used, version 4 is the most
common, lets take the version 4.

STRUCTURE OF AP ADDRESS version 4

IP address is a 32-bit address separated into 4 groups of 8 bit per
group separated by dots, this is the binary representation of IP Address
00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
To 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

But this representation is hard for human to understand. To make it

easily understood by human, the IP address is shortened to DOTTED
DECIMAL NOTATION,
0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
Maximum value of 8 series of 1s is 255, you cannot any number
greater than 255 in each group.

PARTS OF IP ADDRESS
1. NETWORK ADDRESS
Part of an IP address which is common or the same to all
devices of the same network.
2. HOST ADDRESS
Part of the IP address which is unique to each device of the
same network

To determine which part of IP is NETWORK and which part is HOST, we will

need first to determine what class of IP address we are using.

N Network part
H Host part

CLASS A
N.H.H.H
1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x

CLASS B
N.N.H.H
128.X.X.X TO 191.X.X.X

CLASS C
N.N.H.H
192.X.X.X TO 223.X.X.X
IP ADDRESSING
There are two types of assigning IP address to your machine
1. AUTOMATIC or DYNAMIC
You can only use this configuration, if there is a DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server device which will
assig IP address to your machine automatically.
2. MANUAL or STATIC
You will be the one to assign IP address to your machine.

TO ASSIGN IP ADDRESS, FOLLOW THIS STEPS

1. On your desktop, right click the network icon

2
2. Select properties
3. On the network properties window, in the side pane, click Change
adapter setting

4. you will see adapter device window, right click the adapter device that
you want to set IP address and select properties(if there is more than
one LAN connection device)
5. Locate IP version 4 and click on the name not on the checkbox, then
click properties again

6. The IP Configuration window

 THE IP CONFIGURATION WINDOW

AUTOMATIC IP ADDRESSING
Select Obtain IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server
automatically

MANUAL IP ADDRESSING
There are four boxes that you need to fill in when assigning IP
address manually, that is
1. IP Address
- The address that you will going to assign to your
device
2. Subnet Mask
- Automatically appears, if you already entered IP
address on IP box, you dont need to put address on
this one.
- All 255 values represent the network part of the IP
address
3. Gateway
- This is the IP address of the device that will connect
you to another network
4. DNS server
- The IP address of the DNS server device, in server
based configuration, the value is the address of server
machine and in peer to peer its the same in its
gateway IP.

IP: 192.168.254.98
Subnet: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.254.254
192.168.254.254 Preferred DNS: 192.168.254.254
255.255.255.0

Windows 7 pc 2

IP: 192.168.254.99
Router 1 Subnet: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.254.254
Preferred DNS: 192.168.254.254

Windows 7 pc 1
In this illustration, router device will serve as the gateway, router IP address does not
contain gateway since its IP will be the gateway of another device connected to him.
If youll take a look at our illustration, the only difference between win 7_1 and win 7_2 is on
the last part of their IP address and they are both common to the rest of it. They are using Class C IP
Address.
 In IP addressing, subnet, gateway and preferred DNS and network part of the IP address is
common to all device, except the host part of the IP address.
In the case that you dont have a device that will serve as the gateway like router, you can
use on PC to serve as your gateway. If that device is determined to be the gateway, it will only
contain IP address and subnet, no gateway and DNS assign for that device to serve as the gateway.
Example: PC01 will be the gateway device.

IP: 192.168.254.1 IP: 192.168.254.2

Subnet: 255.255.255.0 Subnet: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.254.1
PCO1
Preferred DNS: 192.168.254.1
PCO2

switch

IP: 192.168.254.3 IP: 192.168.254.4

Subnet: 255.255.255.0 Subnet: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.254.1 Gateway: 192.168.254.1
Preferred DNS: 192.168.254.1 Preferred DNS: 192.168.254.1
PCO3 PCO4

ACTIVITY 1: Without router

Configure PEER TO PEER NETWORKING

TASK:
1. Connect both machines using straight
cable
2. Assign a unique computer name to each
machine
3. Assign a unique IP address.
switch
Example:
Server: 192.168.45.1
255.255.255.0

Windows 7
192.168.45.2
255.255.255.0
SERVER WINDOWS 7
192.168.45.1
192.168.45.1