DOGFISH TURTLE PIGEON CAT

VERTEBRAL COLUMN: VERTEBRAL COLUMN: VERTEBRAL VERTEBRAL COLUMN:

Vertebra: soft cartilage partially fused to exoskeleton COLUMN: mammillary process
myotomes caudal: neural, hemal & all except cervical ribs:
centra: amphicoelous transverse processes are fused false,true,floating
(biconcave) fused to carapace: centra: o neck
intercalary arch o sacral (2) heterocoelous o angle
hypaxial : inclose o trunk (10) ribs bear backward o shaft
coelom o 1st caudal faced: uncinate chevron bones in tails
haemal arch: Capitulum: ribs single head process coccyx: 3-5 caudal
ABSENT,
basapophyses instead

DOGFISH
CHONDOCRANIUM
rostrum
orbit: eye
precerebral fenestra -> cranial cavity: brain
epiphyseal foramen: epiphysis or pineal body
foramen magnum: w/c the brain continues to spinal cord
rostral carina: midventral keel
basal plate, median streak is notochord
occipital condyle: articulate with 1st vertebra

VISCERAL SKELETON/ SPLANCHNOCRANIUM

supports gills
1st gill arch: mandibular arch
o meckels cartilage
teeth
lower jaw
palatoquadrate/pterygoquadrate cartilage:
o bear teeth
o constitute upper jaw
angle (of the jaw): where pterygoquadrate and meckels meet
2nd arch: hyoid arch
o basihyal
o ceratohyal
o hyomandibular
art. w/ otic region of skull
suspensor of lower jaw
gill rays
remaining arches: gill/branchial arches
o epi and ceratobranchial: bear gill rays
o not attached to vertebral column
 CAT (MAMMAL)
SKULL
completely ossified
facial: nose + eyes
cranial: brain + mid and int ears
zygomatic arch
supraorbital arch
occipital condyle: art. with atlas
tympanic bulla: middle ear
mastoid bone: internal ear
roof: nasals, frontals, parietal
maxillary arch:
o premaxilla: bear teeth, palatine process
o maxilla: also bear teeth, main bone in facial region
o malar/jugal: zygomatic arch
o temporal
vomer: roof of internal nares
occipital bone
temporal bone: fused otic capsules, squamosal & tympanic bulla
malleus
manubrium: eardrum
hamulus
incisors: 6 small teeth
canine
premolar
molar
diastema: gap bet teeth
hyoid: basihyal