Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
COLLEGE OF LAW
Renato M. Pambid
COURSE DESCRIPTION
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
BASIC REFERENCES
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
A. Definitions
1. Criminal law
Criminal law is that branch or division of law which defines
crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for their punishment.
[Reyes, supra, at 1, citing 12 Cyc. 129]
2. Crime
Crime is an act committed or omitted in violation of a public law
forbidding or commanding it. [Reyes, supra, at 1, citing I Bouviers
Law Dictionary, Rawles Third Revision, 729]
4. RPC, art. 5, 21
1. Sources
a. Const. (1987), art. II, sec. 5
b. Const. (1987), art. VI, sec. 1
c. Const. (1987), art. II, sec. 1
d. Cases:
(i) People v. Santiago, 43 Phil. 120 (1922)
(ii) United States v. Pablo, 35 Phil. 94 (1916)
3
2. Limitations
Bill of attainder
Const. (1987), art. III, sec. 22
(vii) People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
1. General
2. Territorial
a. RPC, art. 2
b. Const. (1987), art. I
c. Visiting Forces Agreement, art. V
d. Cases:
(i) United States v. Bull, 15 Phil. 7 (1910)
(ii) People v. Look Chaw, 18 Phil. 573 (1910)
(iii) United States v. Ah Sing, 36 Phil. 978
(1917)
(iv) People v. Lo-lo & Saraw, 43 Phil. 19 (1922)
(v) People v. Wong Cheng, 46 Phil. 729 (1922)
(vi) Miquiabas v. Commanding General, 80
Phil. 262 (1948)
3. Prospective
c. Cases:
A. Felonies
a. Act
People v. Gonzales, 183 SCRA 309 (1990)
b. Omission
(i) RPC, art. 116, 137, 208, 213(2)(b), 223,
234, 275(1)
(ii) Pres. Decree Nos. 953, 1153
(iii) People v. Sylvestre and Atienza, 56 Phil.
353 (1931)
c. Punishable by the Revised Penal Code
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The maxim Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege has its
roots in history. It is in accordance with both centuries of civil law
and common law tradition. Moreover, it is an indispensable
corollary to a regime of liberty enshrined in our Constitution. It is of
the essence then that while anti-social acts should be penalized,
there must be a clear definition of the punishable offense as well as
the penalty that may be imposed - a penalty, to repeat, that can be
fixed by the legislative body, and the legislative body alone. So
constitutionalism mandates, with its stress on jurisdictio rather
than guvernaculum. The judiciary as the dispenser of justice
through law must be aware of the limitation on its own power.
[Concurring Opinion, Justice Fernando, People v. Cabural, G.R. No.
34105, 4 February 1983]
2. How committed
RPC, art. 3, 365
a. Dolo
(i) Elements
(ii) Presumption of intent
United States v. Apostol, 14 Phil. 92 (1909)
United States v. Catolico, 18 Phil. 504
(1911)
(iii) General and specific intent
People v. Puno, 219 SCRA 85 (1993)
People v. Delim, 396 SCRA 386 (2003)
(iv) Intent and Motive
People v. Temblor, 161 SCRA 623 (1988)
People v. Hassan, 157 SCRA 261 (1988)
People v. Delim, supra
(v) Mistake of fact
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b. Culpa
(i) Elements
People v. Carmen, 355 SCRA 267 (2001)
(ii) Distinguished from dolo
People v. Pugay, 167 SCRA 439 (1988)
a. RPC, art. 10
b. Ladonga v. People, 451 SCRA 673 (2005)
C. Criminal Liability
1. How incurred
a. Wrongful act done be different from what was
intended
(i) RPC, art. 14(1), 13(3), 48, 49, 14(3)
(ii) United States v. Brobst, 14 Phil. 310 (1909)
(iii) People v. Mananquil, 132 SCRA 196 (1984)
(iv) People v. Iligan, 191 SCRA 643 (1990)
(v) People v. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751 (1998)
(vi) People v. Guillen, 85 Phil. 307 (1950)
(vii) People v. Albuquerque, 59 Phil. 150 (1933)
(viii) Bataclan v. Medina, 102 Phil. 181 (1957)
b. Impossible crimes
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2. Stages of commission
a. Definitions
(i) RPC, art. 6 and 7
(ii) United States v. Eduave, 36 Phil. 209
(1917)
(iii) People v. Enriquez, 281 SCRA 103 (1997)
(iv) People v. Listerio, 335 SCRA 40 (2000)
b. Specific felonies
(i) Rape
People v. Erinia, 50 Phil. 998 (1927)
People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil. 980 (1925)
People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 (1990)
People v. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270 (2000)
(ii) Theft
United States v. Adiao, 38 Phil. 754 (1918)
People v. Dino, 45 O.G. 3446
Aristotel Valenzuela v. People, G.R. No.
160188, 21 June 2007
(iii) Robbery
People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil. 703 (1935)
People v. Salvilla, 184 SCRA 671 (1990)
(iv) Murder
People v. Borinaga, 55 Phil. 433 (1930)
People v. Sy, 94 Phil. 885 (1954)
People v. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51 (1989)
People v. Ravelo, 202 SCRA 655 (1991)
(v) Homicide
People v. Kalalo, 59 Phil. 715 (1934)
4. Multiple offenders
a. Recidivism, RPC, art. 14(9)
b. Habituality (Reiteracion), RPC, art. 14(10)
c. Quasi-Recidivism, RPC, art. 160
d. Habitual Delinquency, RPC, art. 62(5)
1. Self-defense
People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA 180 (1974)
People v. Alconga, 78 Phil. 366 (1947)
United States v. Mack, 8 Phil. 701 (1907)
People v. Sumicad, 56 Phil. 643 (1932)
People v. Genosa, 419 SCRA 537 (2004)
Republic Act No. 9262, sec. 3 & 26
2. Defense of honor
People v. Luague, 62 Phil. 504 (1935)
People v. De la Cruz, 61 Phil. 344 (1935)
People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174 (1946)
3. Defense of property
People v. Apolinar, 38 OG 2870
United States v. Bumanglag, 14 Phil. 644 (1909)
People v. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389 (1983)
4. Defense of relative
United States v. Esmedia, 17 Phil. 260 (1910)
6. Fulfillment of duty
People v. Delima, 46 Phil. 738 (1922)
People v. Belbes, 334 SCRA 161 (2000)
1. Insanity
People v. Bonoan, 64 Phil. 87 (1937)
People v. Ambal, 100 SCRA 325 (1980)
People v. Puno, 105 SCRA 151 (1981)
People v. Dungo, 199 SCRA 860 (1991)
People v. Yam-id, 308 SCRA 651 (1999)
People v. Valledor, 383 SCRA 653 (2002)
People v. Belonio, 429 SCRA 579 (2004)
2. Somnabulism
People v. Taneo, 58 Phil. 255 (1933)
3. Minority
Republic Act No. 9344, as amended
RPC, art. 80
Pres. Decree No. 603, as amended
Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law (A.M. No. 02-
1-18-SC)
People v. Doquena, 68 Phil. 580 (1939)
People v. Navarro, 51 OG 4062
Jose v. People, 448 SCRA 116 (2005)
People v. Jacinto, G.R. No. 182239, 16 March 2011
People v. Arpon, G.R. No. 183563, 14 December 2011
4. Accident
People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil. 15 (1931)
U.S. v. Tanedo, 15 Phil. 196 (1910)
Pomoy v. People, 439 SCRA 439 (2004)
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6. Insuperable cause
U.S. v. Vicentillo, 19 Phil. 118 (1911)
People v. Bandian, 63 Phil. 530 (1936)
2. Sufficient provocation
People v. Leonor, 305 SCRA 285
3. Passion or obfuscation
United States v. Hicks, 14 Phil. 217 (1909)
United States v. De la Cruz, 22 Phil. 429 (1912)
4. Illness
People v. Javier, 311 SCRA 576 (1999)
5. Analogous circumstances
Canta v. People, 353 SCRA 250 (2001)
2. Dwelling
People v. Daniel, 86 SCRA 511 (1978)
3. Nighttime/Disguise
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4. Evident premeditation
United States v. Manalinde, 14 Phil. 77 (1909)
5. Treachery
People v. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 (1974)
6. Ignominy
People v. Torrefiel, 45 OG 803
People v. Alfanta, 320 SCRA 357 (1999)
1. Intoxication
People v. Camano, 115 SCRA 688 (1982)
2. Absolutory causes
RPC, art. 6(3), 7, 16, 20, 247, 280, 332, 344
2. Accomplices
a. RPC, art. 18
b. People v. Nierra, 96 Phil. 1 (1980)
People v. Doble, 114 SCRA 131 (1982)
People v. Doctolero, 193 SCRA 632 (1991)
3. Accessories
a. RPC, art. 19 and 20
b. People v. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19 (1978)
Vino v. People, 178 SCRA 626 (1989)
c. Pres. Decree Nos. 1612 and 1829
V. PENALTIES
RPC, art. 21-88
A. General Principles
1. Constitutional limitations
Const., art. III, sec. 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, & 22
a. No ex post facto law and bill of attainder
b. Due process
c. No cruel and inhuman punishment
2. Prospectivity
RPC, art. 1, 21, 22, Civil Code, art. 4
B. Purposes
1. Death penalty
a. Const., art. III, sec. 19(1)
b. Republic Act No. 9346
c. Republic Act No. 7659
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F. Application
6. Three-fold rule
RPC, art. 70
1. Probation
a. Pres. Decree No. 968, as amended
b. Francisco v. Court of Appeals, 243 SCRA 384
(1995)
c. Yusi v. Morales, 121 SCRA 854 (1983)
d. Cal v. Court of Appeals, 251 SCRA 523 (1995)
e. Llamado v. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 566
(1989)
f. Baclayon v. Mutia, 129 SCRA 148, 154 (1984)
g. Bala v. Martinez, 181 SCRA 459 (1990)
h. Salgado v. Court of Appeals, 189 SCRA 304
(1990)
A. Total Extinction
RPC, art. 89
3. Amnesty
Const., art. VII, sec. 19
People v. Patriarca, G.R. No. 135547, 29 September
2000
People v. Casido, G.R. No. 116512, 7 March 1997
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
4. Absolute pardon
Const., art. VII, sec. 19
Flora v. Oximana, G.R. No. 19745, 31 January 1964
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, supra
Pelobello v. Palatino, G.R. No. 48100, 20 June 1941
RPC, art. 23, 344
B. Partial Extinction
RPC, art. 94
1. Conditional pardon
RPC, art. 95
In re. Antonio Infante, G.R. No. 4164, 12 December
1952