This work is dedicated to the indomitable spirit of

Rural Entrepreneurs of Bharatpur

and our Founder Chairman

Desh Bandhu Gupta ji

who guided and enabled the Lupin Foundation team to develop

this sustainable model of livelihood in Bharatpur district of
Rajasthan, which can be scaled up across the country
Contents Abbreviations

Abbreviations 2 ii. Modern service providers 50 AH Animal Husbandry NDRI National Dairy Research Institute
Messages 3 3. Self employed service providers 52 AI Artificial Insemination NFDB National Fisheries Development Board
About Lupin and Lupin Foundation 5 4. Mattress making 52 CARI Central Avion Research Institute NI Natural Insemination
About this book 7 5. Welding 53
CBOs Community Based Organisations NIAM National Institute of Agricultural Marketing
I. Contexts and evolution of Livelihood 6. Beauty parlour 54
Promotion Programme 9 iv. Innovative location specific livelihoods 55 CSR Corporate Social Responsibility NRM Natural Resource Management
II. Evolution of Lupin Foundations Livelihood 1. Bee Keeping 58 DST Department of Science and Technology PAU Punjab Agricultural University
Promotion Programme 11 2. Chauraha Development 60 EAP Enterprise Awareness Programmes RAU Rajasthan Agricultural University
III. Framework 12 3. Fisheries: Pond conversion 62 EDP Entrepreneurship Development Programme RMK Rashtriya Mahila Kosh
IV. Strategies adopted 13 v. Farm based area specific livelihoods 63
FFDA Fish Farmers Development Agency RSLDC Rajasthan State Livelihood Development Corp.
V. The Process of Livelihood Promotion 1. Floriculture 66
in Lupin villages 15 2. Vegetable farming 68 GBPUAT Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricultural and RUDA Rural Non Farm Development Agency
Technology SHGs Self Help Groups
A. LHWRFs Livelihood Hubs 18 3. Poly house 70
i. Revival of traditional artisanship 21 4. Commercial Dairy development 72 IARI Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India
1. Stone Handicrafts/ carving 24 5. Backyard poultry 74 IHCITC International Horticulture Culture Innovation & SRI System of Rice Intensification
2. Wooden works - Mudda making 26 6. Breed Improvement through Natural Training Centre
TDF Tribal Development Fund
3. Shoe making 28 Insemination (Bull) and Ais 78 JLGs Joint Liability Groups
4. Bangle kiln 30 7. Fruit (Amla) Plantation & Processing and UNDP United Nations Development Programme
Keggfarm Keggfarms Pvt. Ltd. Gurgaon
5. Pottery 32 brand building 80 UPNRM Umbrella Programme for Natural Resource
LGVP Lupin Gram Vikas Panchayat Management
ii. Home based Vocations for mass employment 33 B. Mapping of Livelihood Hubs according to their
LHWRF Lupin Human Welfare and Research Foundation USP Unique Selling Point
1. Gems cutting and polishing 36 block-wise spread 81
2. Chain making 40 C. Lupin Livelihood Promotion Model 83 MLI Micro Lift irrigation WSHGs Women Self Help Groups
3. Tulasi mala making 42 1. Components of Livelihood Promotion NABARD National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development
iii. Strengthening Nonfarm vocations and service Programme 83 NBB National Bee Board
providers 45 2. Features of Livelihood Promotion Programme 85
1. Skill and vocational training to create pool D. Impacts 87
of service providers 48 E. Road Ahead 89
2. Promotion of rural traders, sellers and F. Acknowledgment 92
service providers 50
i. Conventional traders, sellers and
service providers 50

1 2
 Message from Managing Director
Our commitment towards social cause and all inclusive development is manifested through the work
undertaken by Lupin Foundation for the livelihood development in rural India. It is heartening to see the
Foundation was able to develop a distinct livelihood model, which we are sharing through this report.
At Lupin, we are inspired to look beyond our existing standards and seek excellence in every aspect
incessantly and the same drive is increasingly visible in the operation of Lupin Foundation in providing
livelihood security through systematic promotional programme. There is a continuous effort to improvise
systems and processes to deliver our CSR goals more efficiently. Apart from our commitment and
dedication, it is important that Lupin Foundation evolves not only standard practices but next practices
and processes that keep it on the track and enhance performance constantly. By doing so, Lupin
Foundation can live up to the added responsibility of being prime mover in the corporate social
Nilesh Gupta
responsibility arena.
Managing Director,
My wishes are with our implementing team at Lupin Foundation for establishing livelihood promotion Lupin Ltd.
model that is replicable, sustainable and dynamic.

Foreword
It is matter of great delight to share with you our livelihood promotion model of Bharatpur. It was
indomitable spirit of the people in the district and the resolve of Lupin team that made livelihood
promotion programme a thrive and sustain over a decade.
Though India had seen tremendous growth during last two and half decades, it is a matter of concern that
we are still one of laggard country when it comes to Human Development indicators. Poverty eradication
still remains a primary goal even after 2/3 century of independence. By focussing on equipping the work
force with knowledge, skills and job creation, as well as higher productivity and improved delivery of
services, we not only can eradicate poverty but move towards empowerment and significant
improvement in Human Development indicators.
Different models of livelihood promotion were tried and tested in the past by the country. The challenges
at home are in abundance and so are the opportunities. Now the time has come for corporate sector to
take lead and offer right kind of model for livelihood development. Sitaram Gupta
Lupin Foundation believes that India is both tomorrow's story and today's opportunity. This belief has Executive Director,
guided our thought and framework of the organisation in our endeavour to establish feasible, replicable Lupin Human Welfare and
and sustainable livelihood model in Bharatpur district. Research Foundation
We humbly hope that the model we have developed and tested in Bharatpur will contribute in the effort of
development community to shape up discourse on pragmatic and appropriate pathway to attain
livelihood security in rural India.

3 4
About Lupin and Lupin Foundation Outreach of Lupin Foundation
By the end of this financial year, Lupin Foundation has reached up
to about Two million and Eight Hundred Thousand people living in
3463 villages located in 43 blocks of 15 districts spread across the
four states of India. The Foundation operates through its 10
district wise centres.
Lupin Foundation has adopted two pronged strategy regarding
its operation. Firstly, it targets areas that have low score on HDI.
Accordingly Lupin Foundation is working in the districts of Alwar
and Bharatpur in Rajasthan; Dhule, Nandurbar, Pune and
Sindhudurg in Maharashtra; Raisen in Madhya Pradesh and
5 6
Lupin Human Welfare &
Reasearch Foundation - Outreach
Dehradun in Uttarakhand. Most of these feature in the list of
backward districts of the country.
Secondly, Lupin Foundation has undertaken developmental work
in the areas adjacent to the manufacturing plants of Lupin Ltd. As
per this strategy, districts such as Aurangabad in Maharashtra and
Dhar in Madhya Pradesh have been adopted by the Foundation.
However, in operations of both types of areas, Lupin Foundation
adopts similar holistic development approach of Lupin
Foundation.
About this book
The villages in Bharatpur area are buzzing with diverse livelihood
activities, catalysed through vibrant strategies emanated from
gut feelings, enterprising acumen and courage to innovate of the
initiators. Here is an attempt to bring glimpse of that rural
entrepreneurial ethos in the Lupin villages.
This book presents overview of the multifarious livelihood
activities initiated by Bharatpur Center of Lupin Foundation that
have successfully turned the adopted villages into hubs of rural
enterprises over the years. It describes the process, analyse the
adopted strategies and draw a model for wider replication.
Apart from sharing the enriching experience of Lupin Foundation,
the drive behind this endeavour is also to initiate discussion on the
appropriate, feasible and pragmatic model of livelihood
7 8
development for rural areas. In the jargon of discourse on
livelihood approaches, many times practicality is ignored. Since
the livelihoods promoted by the Foundation were established
long back and have continued, flourished over the decades, it also
gives us fair idea about sustainability. Drawing on this, attempt is
made here outline the various aspects of Lupin Livelihood Model.
The livelihood model articulated here is dynamic, flexible and
evolving. Any application of it needs to have area and time specific
changes. However, the core principle of catalysing and
unleashing entrepreneurial energies of rural people for livelihood
development through innovative and flexible approach likely to
remain expedient and unchanged.
Contexts and evolution of Livelihood Promotion Programme
Solutions to rural poverty and unemployment are to be found
within the rural areas. Generating different livelihood options is
necessary to enable poor to come out of vicious poverty cycle.
Lupin Foundation believes in a development strategy focusing on
farm productivity enhancement, rural enterprises promotion and
skill building that can bring about significant and positive change
not only in the lives of people but also in the structure of the local
economy.
There are different macro level as well as field level contexts of
rural unemployment under which livelihood programme of Lupin
Foundation has evolved over the years. Let us at the beginning
understand these contexts of rural unemployment that provides
rationale for livelihood focus.
Disproportionate burden on rural India
The Indian agriculture sector is a mainstay of Indian economy. It
contributes 14.2% to national GDP, 10.2% of total exports and
employs over 55% of Indias workforce. Nearly 70 per cent of the
population resides in rural India. Though about 75 per cent of all
the new factories set up in India in the last decade were located in
rural areas and they provided around 70 per cent of new jobs in
manufacturing, it is largely inadequate. These jobs are marginal
considering the mammoth population still dependent on farming.
Though people are turning to the rural non-farm sector the
number is not enough to absorb the ever growing labour force.
Obviously, the burden of providing livelihoods rural poor has
been disproportionately borne by agriculture and allied sector.
Saturation in agricultural employment with Low productivity
Agriculture though engage highest population, is grossly
neglected sector in India. Due to delay in reforms in the sector it
has lagged in last decade compared to other booming sectors of
the country. Agricultural yields have only increased by about 2
9 10
percent annually in the last decade. Low productivity in
agriculture means low income, low wages for population still
engaged in farming. This underlines necessity to accelerate the
farm to non-farm shift in livelihood options. The farm sector is
overloaded with increasing number of landless labourers and
marginal farmers with holdings below 2.5 acres. With years of
sluggish growth and stagnation, there is almost a saturation in
agriculture employment forcing people to shift to other sectors.
This situation can be changed with reforms and growth oriented
policies.
Rising unemployment
Each month more than one million youth enter the work force in
India. However, only about 2 hundred thousand new entry-level
jobs are being created in the formal economy. Similarly, millions
of college and vocational school students enter the job market
each year but hardly 1/3rd of those have employability. This is
leading to increasing unemployment despite growth. Since
majority of people still living in villages, obviously, it results in
greater rural unemployment.
Context of extreme Poverty
For years since independence, the major context of rural
livelihoods was extreme poverty. Despite the growth witnessed
by India since 1992 in the post liberalisation phase, this context
has more or less remained unchanged. Even after two decades of
higher growth rate, about 15 crore people live in slums, 26 crore
people live below the poverty line and one third of the
malnourished children of the world live in India. Addressing
extreme poverty is not possible without adequate increase in
livelihood creation in sectors with higher productivity such as
manufacturing and services along with surge in agricultural
productivity and rural nonfarm employment.
 Evolution of Lupin Foundations Livelihood Promotion Programme Framework
About 25 years ago when Lupin Foundation began its venture into Throughout all these years, Lupin Foundation embraced strategy In order to articulate the emerging livelihood model of Lupin mentoring, hand holding, innovation, credit support and
the most inconspicuous parts of Rajasthan, which was known of providing appropriate skills and cost effective, high impact Foundation, it is important to look at the objectives and the market linkages.
traditionally for its enterprising talent was having huge direct and technologies to rural entrepreneurs. In various traditional various strategies adopted to achieve the same. This chapter } Removing the skill deficiency in the villages to enable
disguised unemployment like the rest of rural India. Traditional vocations, skill transfer and technological upgrading made a big discusses the framework and implementation policies adopted people to engage in meaningful self-employment and
vocations and artisanship in rural India was on decline. It was difference in terms of returns or tapping distant urban markets. by Lupin Foundation over the years. nonfarm wage employment locally.
baffling phenomenon since the towns and cities in the state were Lupin Foundation enabled different rural artisans to enhance and
illustrious for their distinct trades and craftsmanship. alter their traditional skills and adapt to tap market. Some of the } Identifying and promoting trade, skill or enterprise within
vocations that completely transformed by this strategy include Goal the village that can have wider adoption possibility.
In the due course, the team realized that the reason behind this
contrast was the exodus of skilled persons to urban centres shoe making, bangle making, pottery, stone carving and many } Enable rural artisans to enhance and transform their
leaving rural population to completely rely on land for their others. traditional skills to adapt to tap market.
The goal of livelihood promotion is to make village a hub of
livelihood. Thus, the human potential was remaining virtually All this effort for more than two decades and half have enabled economic activity and provide adequate farm and nonfarm } Providing timely support to budding enterprises within
untapped in the India of small towns and villages. There was the rural poor to have greater livelihood security and increased employment to ensure livelihood security in rural areas. villages to expand and prosper.
poverty, unemployment and a lack of training in skills. Jobs incomes within Lupin areas. This livelihood model of Lupin
} Halting migration from rural areas and encouraging reverse
remained elusive until techniques were learnt and employed. Foundation that weaves the web of rural farm and nonfarm
Objectives migration to bring back skilled human resources to fuel
With stagnation and diminishing returns in agriculture, enterprises through mentoring, skill transfer and micro finance
growth of rural industries.
encouraging rural non-farm employment had become inevitable. has lot to offer to prevailing rural livelihood discourse and
However, for this to happen, creation of sufficient skill base and strategy.
Following are the specific objectives guiding the livelihood
providing incubation support to budding enterprises were
promotion programme.
necessary.
} Generating farm and nonfarm employment through
Understanding this skill deficit in rural India, Lupin Foundation
productivity enhancement, technological infusion,
initiated skill and entrepreneurship building process in the
adopted areas right from its inception. Effort was made to pass on
as many different skills as possible to enable beneficiaries to
either gain job or self-employment. Varied trainings were
organised to impart different skills that can lead to meaningful
employment or set up rural industries. Apart from different job
and vocational skills, Entrepreneurship Development Programme
(EDP) was also undertaken time to time in the adopted areas to
enable skilled and trained people to initiate micro enterprises.
In areas adopted by Lupin Foundation, special efforts have been
taken to identify, introduce and establish trades or vocations that
can provide livelihood options for many within the village itself.
Through skill transfer and upgrading drive, Lupin Foundation was
able to create a pool of skilled persons in the adopted villages.
With timely skill training and credit support, the villages are
booming with rural self-enterprises that are providing self and
wage employment to many in farming off season.

11 12

Strategies adopted
Lupin Foundation adopted multiple strategies that enabled it to
build this model of livelihood development in Bharatpur district.
Most of these strategies are now being replicated across
different Centers with area specific modifications.
Promoting location based vocations
One of the important strategy that worked was to identify and
promote situation and location based vocations, which can create
mass opportunities within villages. Each locality has its own
culture, skill sets and typical market opportunities. An effort is
made to grasp that ethos and identify village specific vocation
that would be apt in terms of cultural affinity, requisite skill
availability, proximity and accessibility of markets. Such identified
location friendly enterprises are then supported and promoted.
Supporting Urban Returned Villagers (URVs)
Employing novel strategy, the Foundation identifies persons with
distinct skills and exposure in particular industry, trade or
business, which can be set up and operated in a village with little
support. Those persons were then motivated and financially
supported to return and set up similar unit to their own villages.
This strategy had enormous success and has triggered
proliferation of enterprises such as precious stone designing,
marble pottery, basil trunk necklace (Tulasi mala making) and
many more in the adopted villages.
Building village brands
When these location specific trades spread through many
households, the village tends to get associated with it. This trade
then become a brand of the village. Many villages in Bharatpur
district particularly have emerged as brands of specific products.
In coming year, we are in the process to replicate this model in all
the areas with greater degree of success. For example, Lalpur has
became known for its shoes not just in Bharatpur district but even
distant places like Agra and Mathura and traders approach the
cobblers of the village for bulk orders.
Promoting promising rural entrepreneurs with USP
Apart from concentration of single vocation in particular area,
what makes a difference is the distinct quality of the product. It
means together with the standardisation of the products,
defining uniqueness or USP (Unique Selling Point) is equally
important. The cluster or community of these rural entrepreneurs
act as a guild ensuring quality control as well as improved quality
due to intense local competition. Attempt is made to support
improvements of rural entrepreneurs to enable them to develop
their own USPs and tap market. Wherever needed, exposure to
various segments of the rural society to innovative ideas is
provided along with training from experts and veterans.
Customized livelihood Solutions
market exposure. The foundation identifies the exact need of the
entrepreneur and focus on providing those services promptly. No
attempt is made to fit in demand to set programme design.
Micro finance support to rural enterprises
Many of the rural enterprises fail due to unavailability of timely
credit support. Hence, the Foundation provides the micro finance
support for initiation or expansion of the activity, once exposure
and training is given and the individuals become motivated,
skilled and equipped to run the enterprise properly. This credit
support has been extremely effective in the mushrooming of the
prosperous enterprises within areas of our presence.
Skills and technology up gradation through trainings
In various traditional vocations, skill transfer and technological
upgrading can make big difference in terms of returns or tapping
Supporting Urban
Cluster based
Returned Villagers
approach
(URVs)
distant urban markets. Hence, strategy of providing appropriate
skills and cost effective, high impact technologies to rural
entrepreneurs was adopted. This has transformed these
vocations which include shoe making, bangle making and many
others.
Creation of economic infra-structure
Emphasis was also given on building, expanding and facilitating
economic infra-structure to promote businesses and industries.
Facilities such as vocational training centre, common work and
design units, Cross road (Chauraha) development were some of
the initiatives in this regard that are having high impact.
Creation of
Promoting promising
economic
rural entrepreneurs
infra-structure
with USP

Cluster based approach Lupin Foundation offers customized livelihood solutions through
Micro finance Skills and technology
flexible demand based programme design to cater needs of Promoting location Building village support to rural up gradation
diverse sections within rural socio economic landscapes. Apart based vocations brands
Since the objective is to create hubs of location specific enterprises through training
from location specific strategy, the programme provides
enterprises to act as inspiring models, a cluster approach is used different type of support to different individuals according to
in the selection of villages for the activities. Such enterprises tend their need. Some need mentoring, some credit support, some
to have radiating effect in the vicinity and stimulate persons others seek technological input while some more may require
within or nearby villages to follow and replicate the model.

13 14

The Process of Livelihood Promotion in Lupin villages
The idea behind livelihood promotion was to make village centre
of economic activity to with adequate farm and nonfarm work.
The process of livelihood development starts with identifying and
promoting trade, skill or enterprise within a village that had wider
adoption possibility. As mentioned in the strategies, each locality
has its own culture, skill sets and typical market opportunities.
This ethos is understood, potential is assessed, opportunities are
7 Build market linkages of newly created enterprises
visualised and through this village specific vocation is identified in
consultation with the people.
Such location friendly enterprises are then supported and
promoted. Many hubs of different enterprises one can come
across in Lupin areas such as marble stone carving, gem polishing,
Tulasi mala (basil trunk necklace) making and many others.
The second step is to harness skills required for the enterprise
building in the area. In many cases, migrated skilled persons from
the village, who are engaged in the similar vocations at towns and
cities are motivated to return and set up their own enterprise with
support from Foundation. These skilled persons often become
mentors and the people they employ their apprentice. After
acquiring sufficient skills and confidence the employs tend to
become independent and set up their own enterprise. Where this
system is not workable, potential entrepreneurs are provided
training and exposure through relevant institute.
Consequently, enterprises are set up and proliferated. The early
amongst them act as mini business models for rest to emulate.
Extent of adoption of these mini models depends on visible
success and feasibility.
Setting up of these rural enterprises, be farm or nonfarm require
vocation specific local infra structure. Before launching of these
livelihood ideas, such infrastructure is made available utilising
different government schemes or sometimes grant from the
Foundation with sizeable local contribution, so that ownership of
the users is built into it.
Credit support that is timely and adequate is critical for livelihood
development. This is made available to budding livelihood activity
by Lupin Foundation in association with different banks and
financial institutions such as NABARD, SIDBI and RMK.
Though market research precedes launching of a livelihood
activity, building up of market linkage is vital. Many times there
are ups and downs in the locally identified market. This means
support for tapping different and secured market is required for
longer period to rural entrepreneurs, who are often less educated
and have minimal exposure.
The process varies from one livelihood activity to other to some
extent. But the underlying principles remain constant and have
worked for the Foundation over long period.

Facilitate adequate and timely credit

6 support to budding rural enterprises

5 Provide appropriate infra structure at the village

level to boost rural enterprises

4 Create miniature inspiring business models within villages

3 imparting appropriate skills to initiate viable,

local and innovative enterprises

Motivating migrated skilled persons engaged in the vocations

2 outside return and set up enterprise in their own village

Identify vocations that can spread, adopted

1 and provide livelihoods within village

15 16
 Lupin Foundations Livelihood Hubs

Villages and crossroads in Bharatpur district across different
blocks are bustling with diverse livelihood activities promoted by
Lupin Foundation. These activities have emerged as engines of
livelihood creation in those villages as it has generated both self
and wage employment locally. It has stopped migration and even
induced reverse migration with increased livelihood
opportunities in native villages of migrants.
These livelihood hubs or cluster of livelihood activities can be
divided into five distinct types. They include traditional
artisanship, Home based Vocations for mass employment,
Nonfarm vocations and service providers, Innovative location
specific livelihoods and Farm based area specific livelihoods. This
is deliberate mix of diverse livelihoods that are promoted taking
into account local or proximate market availability and cultural,
ethos wise and individual inclination towards particular activity.

Kaman

Nagar

Deeg
Kathumar Kumher
Sewar
Nadbai

Weir
Bayana

Map of Bharatpur District

17 18
 Revival of traditional artisanship

Lupin Foundations Livelihood Hubs

Innovative location specific livelihoods

Stone Handicrafts Mudda making Shoe making Bangle Making Pottery

Home based Vocations for mass employment

Lupin
Foundations Bee Keeping Crossroad Fisheries
Development
Livelihood
Gems cutting Chain making Tulasi mala
Hubs Farm based area specific livelihoods
and polishing making

Strengthening Nonfarm vocations and service providers

Floriculture Vegetable farming Poly & Green house Dairy development Backyard poultry

Skills and vocational Rural traders, Conventional traders, Modern Self employed
training sellers and sellers and service providers service providers
service providers service providers

Breed Improvement Food Processing

Mattress making Welding Beauty parlour

19 20
Revival of traditional artisanship
India in ancient and even medieval times was known for its art and
crafts in which good number of population was engaged
traditionally. Apart from glory and pride, these also were
industries with important role in rural economy and handsome
source of livelihood for rural artisans. However, since
deindustrialisation during colonial period the process of decline in
Indian handicrafts and art began and it continued through
urbanisation after independence taking toll on one livelihood
source after other.
Stone Handicrafts Mudda making Shoe making
21
Understanding that these declining art and crafts can provide
employment to many and bring prosperity into rural homes,
Lupin Foundation focussed on revival of the same. Rajasthan has
rich tradition and history of such art and crafts. In this context
after identification of such craft based vocations, which were
either vanished or were on the verge of it, the Foundation
established and promoted those. They include:
Bangle Making Pottery
22
 Stone Handicrafts
Rajasthan is known for its different variety of stones including rural artisans to avail various schemes and facilities. About 37
marble. No wonder it was home to traditional stone carving art. artisans engaged in stone carving activity have received artisans
With urbanisation the stone craftsmen migrated to cities and the cards with the support of Lupin Foundation.
art vanished from the villages. Lupin Foundation consciously took
effort to revive this art. Revival of art is not for the sake of art. It is
for providing livelihood to villagers on a mass scale.
In Sewar, Roop Nagar and Chak Behnera villages revival of this
stone handicraft art has provided direct employment to 262
persons of which 62 people have their own handicraft enterprise.
Lupin Foundation also facilitates obtaining of artisan card for
rural craftsmen given by the Government. This card enables these

Cumulative Previous Year

Numbers (Amount in (Amount in
Blocks Villages Lakhs) Lakhs)
Art. Gross Net
Machines Owners Employees MF Grant
cards sales Profit
Nagar Roop nagar 55 55 165 20 8 - 2000 198
Nagar Rasia 4 15 2 2 - 150 18
Sewar Chak behnera 14 7 20 15 5.5 0.1 35 7
Total 73 62 200 37 15.5 0.1 2185 223

23 24
 Mudda making
Traditional wooden and furniture work in Rajasthan is well
known, particularly decorative one made up of locally available
material. Mudda stools and chairs made up of cane and other
wood are widely demanded by the clients for their aesthetic
appearance and designs. Again urbanisation left villages in
Rajasthan without skilled persons and craftsmen. Lupin
Foundation reversed this process in many villages and revived this
mudda making tradition. Similarly furniture work was also
promoted by tapping local as well as nearby towns.

Block Village Numbers Cumulative Previous year Total

(Amount In Lakhs) (Amount In Lakhs)

Entrepreneurs Average Annual MF Grant Gross sales Net profit

price producti
(Rs.) on

Ucchain Chak 25 600.00 7500 1.80 - 45.00 Lacs 22.50 Lacs

Nagla
Beeeza

25 26
 Shoe making: Lalpur shoes became a brand
Rajasthani jooties or shoes are famous nationally as well as colourful and decorative Jaipur mojaries, Lalpur shoes are mainly
internationally. Local cobblers use leather to make mojaries (soft black and sometimes in different colours without any decorative
shoes) with different patterns. Known for their delicacy and embroidery on it. The shoe makers were also provided micro
beauty with durability and comfort. The making of embroidered finance assistance regularly enabling them to procure leather in
leather shoes, mojaries, is practiced all over Rajasthan. Different time to supply as per orders received from distant traders. As a
parts have different designs, shapes and colours. Locally cured result, Lalpur shoemakers began to see markets and money they
leather is normally used for this purpose. Recognizing the never before imagined. Apart from Rajasthan, Lalpur shoes are
potential urban market for different Rajasthani shoes, Lupin now in good demand in towns and cities of neighbouring Haryana
Foundation initiated shoe making promotion drive to help and UP.
artisans to thrive well beyond their home village of Lalpur in
Nadbai block of Bharatpur district. Lupin Foundation partnered
with Rural Non Farm Development Agency (RUDA) for technical
upgradation in shoe making at Lalpur. These Lalpur jooties
(shoes) are different than decorative mojaries of Jaipur. Lalpur
shoes are now known for their sturdiness and durability. Unlike

Numbers Cumulative Previous Year

(amount) Total (amount)
Blocks Villages Cobblers Employees Av. Shoe Annual MF Grant Gross Net
price Production sales Profit

Nadbai Lalpur 34 60 600 24000 10.00 - 144.00 70.00

Lacs Lakhs Lakhs

27 28
 Bangle making: Modified kiln
Women in rural areas of eastern Rajasthan wear green-coloured and white clay and have a provision for 10-foot-high chimney for
glass bangles as an important symbol on auspicious occasions and releasing fumes. Special care has been taken to ensure that the
during rituals. Labourers belonging to Kachera community have toxic smoke does not affect the person working on the kiln.
been manufacturing and selling these bangles for several
decades in Unch village of Nadbai tehsil, Barkheda of Bayana Lupin Foundation took a major initiative for modernisation of
tehsil, Jayashri of Nagar tehsil, Khoh of Deeg tehsil and in conventional kilns that manufacture bangles in Bharatpur
Bharatpur town. These workers traditionally make kilns of mud district of Rajasthan. It has transformed the lives of labourers
and clay and use tudi , made of vestiges of mustard crop, as fuel working there by rescuing them from the toxic fumes that
for heating these furnaces. The oval-shaped kilns produce smoke causes serious respiratory diseases.
and fumes in a huge quantity as well as high flames caused by
The utility of new kilns has pushed the people in nearby villages to
melting of glass. According to expert studies, these poisonous
follow suit and construct similar furnaces. Eighteen persons can
elements directly enter into the bodies of labourers and cause
work at a time on a modified kiln manufactured at a cost of Rs. 3
diseases like asthma and tuberculosis, besides reducing their
lakh. A person working on modified kiln now earns Rs. 400 to Rs.
average age to less than 45 years. The Foundation developed a
500 a day against the previous average of Rs. 200 to Rs. 250.
solution to this issue by fabricating modified kilns based on
Besides increasing productivity, the new kilns have also had a
modern technology in Unch village in collaboration with the
favourable impact on the village environment.
Department of Science and Technology and IIT Delhi. The modern
bangle kilns have been manufactured with fire-resistant bricks

Block Village Numbers Cumulative Previous year Total

(amount) (amount In Lakhs)

Kilns Worker Av. Annual MF Grant Gross Net profit

(Numbers) (Number) Production production sales
per worker
Nadbai Unch 05 80 2000 per day 1500 Lacs 2.00 - 60.00 30 Lacs
Lakhs

Old type Modified by Lupin

29 30
 Pottery
Pottery making has a long history in India. Ages have passed since
the time Indians started making use of pottery for their day to day
purposes. However, with changing time the art of making pottery
also underwent considerable changes. Pottery, that was initially
only meant to serve as utensil is now also used extensively as
decorative item. Potters in different parts of India have
developed their own styles and design that are exceptional work
of art.
Making terracotta items is one of the various meticulous activities
carried out by the artisans in Rajasthan. Terracotta is very old craft
31
of this land. Diverse forms of pottery are made in different regions
of the state. It has its own standing tradition in Rajasthan. Certain
shapes are characteristic of Rajasthan. These are made of a thin
layer of clay and needs a high degree of skill.
Considering this and potential of pottery to tap local and distant
markets, Lupin Foundation has promoted pottery as livelihood in
different villages through credit support as well as technological
modifications in processes. Effort is on to improve the technology
further to enhance production and reduce health hazards.
32
Home based Vocations for mass employment
Home based industries constitute an important segment of the
informal sector. Realising the potential of some of the home
based vocations to provide mass employment, Lupin Foundation
systematically promoted the same in the adopted areas. First,
such vocations, which have some location specific leverage due
to history, tradition and resultant network were identified.
Further short listing of these activities is carried out taking into
account availability raw material, skilled persons, experts and
possibility of assured market.
One can come across several villages where these home based
livelihood activities such as Gems cutting and polishing, Chain
making and Tulasi bead garland making are well established and
have mushroomed throughout the village.
Success factors behind the spread of these activities across the
villages are many. First, they require low investment. Secondly,
Gems cutting and polishing Chain making
33
the skills required for the work are easy to learn for anyone.
Thirdly, not only it provides handsome additional income to
farmer households but also allow them to carryout farming
during agricultural season.
Lupin foundation, apart from bringing back skilled persons back
to villages to act as master trainers, also provides regular
vocational training of the skills required to run such home based
enterprises. Further, the Foundation has developed various
machines that have made operations easy, efficient and safe.
These machines are developed with the support of appropriate
knowledge and technology partners. Micro finance is provided
regularly to these home based entrepreneurs for purchase of
machine and raw material.
Tulasi mala making
34
 Gems cutting and polishing
Gem polishing is home based industry requiring very little
investments in technology. Gem polishing is the name given to a
set of activities ranging from sorting of gem stones to its
marking, cutting and polishing. The gems and jewellery business
is a $45 billion industry in India. Rajasthan is one of the major
processing centres of Indian coloured gemstones. Eighty-four
precious and semi - precious stones, both natural as well as
synthetic, are processed in the state. The traditional gemstone
processing work done here with skill includes bead making,
stringing, manufacture of objects art from coloured stones and
jewellery.
Despite this conducive milieu the gem polishing industry was
restricted to cities and especially Jaipur. Due to the pioneering
efforts of Lupin Foundation, polishing of gems and precious
stones has emerged as a profitable occupation in the remote
villages and backwaters of eastern Rajasthan. Several villages
such as Nagla Sirsiyan of Bharatpur district have emerged as
embodiment of visionary work done by a small groups of
youngsters, who have discovered a unique way for generating
livelihood opportunities for the rural unemployed through this
effort of Lupin Foundation. These rural workers everyday to
35
polish gems and precious stones which they bring from Jaipur,
widely known as the hub of the gem industry. For centuries,
Jaipur has been a major centre for trade in gems, jewellery and
precious stones. Factors such as geographical proximity and
availability of means of transport enabled the young men and
women to get the raw material supply and assured market of
Jaipur for the finished products.
Through this work, each of the worker comfortably earns Rs 3,000
to Rs 4,000 every month, bringing prosperity to the villages and
the families involved in it. Today there are as many as 25 gem
polishing machines installed in one village alone called Nagla
Sirsiyan comprising about 60 households. These provide gainful
employment to nearly 370 men and 22 women in this village as
well as from half-a-dozen villages such as Dhawla Ka Nagla,
Chaitoli, Mudia, Saipur and many more.
A visit to these Lupin villages during the daytime is literally a
bustling experience as visitors are greeted by the gentle drone of
power generators in at least half of the households of the villages.
While the village gets only a limited supply of electricity for a brief
duration, generators supply power for running the gem polishing
machines during most of the working hours in the day.
36
 Gems Cutting and Polishing Machine Developed by Lupin Foundation Number Cumulative (amount) Previous Year Total
(amount)
Machines Owners Employees MF Grant Net
Profit
Male Female
16 16 126 2 8 0.21 123
12 12 96 - 6 0.2 92.2
4 4 32 - 4 - 30.7
2 2 16 - 0.4 - 15.4
20 20 100 20 5 - 115
54 54 370 22 23.4 0.41 376

As mentioned earlier, Lupin Foundation also provided technical support in the form of modified
machine to make the process efficient and safe.

37 38
 Chain making

Chain making is similar home based vocation that have
proliferated in Lupin villages through systematic promotion
following the process similar to Gems cutting and polishing .
Almost spread in the same villages with similar modus operandi,
chain making enterprises have provided yet another source of
additional income for villagers. Unlike gems cutting machine,
which is operated by four persons in assembly line mode, only
single person work at a time on the chain making machine. This
makes it ideal home-based vocation. Rarely workers other than
family members are employed in chain making. With little skill
required and possibility of work in flexible timing, it has become
suitable occupation for women. This is also evident from the table
given below, where number of women engaged in the chain
making was exceedingly more than men. One can see women
working on the machines in between cooking and carrying out
other household work.

Number Cumulative Previous Year Total

(amount) (amount)
Machines Owners Employees MF Grant Net
Profit
Male Female
26 26 12 40 10 - 31.2
20 20 10 30 10 - 24
12 12 2 14 3.3 - 14.4
16 16 4 20 2.4 - 19.2
18 18 4 22 2.7 - 21.6
1 1 - 2 0.15 - 1.2
93 93 32 128 28.55 0 111.6

39 40
 Tulasi bead mala (garland) making

Quite innovative and location based livelihood activity
successfully established and promoted by Lupin Foundation is
Tulasi Mala (Garlands) Bead making in the villages close to
religious place of Govardhan hills, renown pilgrim centre for
devotees of Lord Krushna.
The model of improved device was handed over by RuTAG-IIT,
Delhi to Lupin Foundation on October 10, 2012 for testing in the
field conditions and to collect feedbacks from the users. The
prototype was tested for the required operation. The design was
finalized after testing by the users in actual field condition.

Under Lupin Foundations livelihood promotion programme, the Users were more comfortable working on the improved device.
women of these villages were first organised in Self Help Groups Reportedly they could operate this new device for about 12 hrs a
(SHGs) and then were supported to undertake tulasi mala making day without any tiredness and earn Rs.1100-1200/- per day. This
activity. The activity was deliberately selected taking into account means huge difference compared to the earlier machine, on
proximity of market as well as its ability to provide livelihood to which they could barely Rs.300-400/- per day as they could not
many within the village. Now most of the women of villages in the work more than eight hours a day.
vicinity of the pilgrimage centre are engaged in making beads
from the stem/twigs of Tulsi plant. They make Tulsi Mala beads, Thus, apart from market linkage, the infusion of technology along
sell these Malas and earn their livelihood. with skill and credit support from Lupin Foundation resulted in
providing gainful self employment to good number of women
Initially, the women were provided by Lupin Foundation a sustainably.
wooden structure, a device in which a tailstock was fixed on right
side of a wooden base. A DC Motor connected with a 12 Volts DC
Battery was used in the device. The motor was held in hand for
forward movement while turning, boring and cutting of beads
from stem of Tulsi. The user sits on the ground, bend her body
towards the device while working and hold the DC motor along
with the stem holder (Chuck). Users had to press thumb and Old device for making Tulsi Mala
finger to stop the movement of chuck for taking the bead out of
the tailstock. This was causing feeling of irritation among the
users. The device was not comfortable to operate as one has to
hold the DC motor in hand with vibration and stop the chuck
connected to motor, which was causing strain. Due to continuous
bending the body while working, the women used to get pain in
the neck and back. Besides, the productivity was low. Lupin
Foundation then approached RuTAG-IIT, Delhi as a knowledge
partner for developing the device to address these issues.

After clearly understanding the processes required on the Tulsi

stem in consultation with the workers, RuTAG-IIT Delhi developed
an improved device (Prototype) for making beads for Tulsi Mala.

41 42
Concept drawing of improved device of making Tulsi Mala beads CAD model of improved device of making Tulsi Mala beads Number Cumulative Previous Year Total
(Lakhs) (Lakhs)
Machines Owners Employees MF Grant Gross Sales Net Profit

Male Female
80 150 30 120 10 - 220 108
1 2 - 2 0.45 - 3.1 1.44
81 152 30 122 10.45 0 223.1 109

Improved device of making Tulsi Mala beads

43 44
Strengthening Nonfarm vocations and service providers
There are many opportunities for different service providers in
rural areas to have meaningful livelihood with little support. In
adopted areas, Lupin Foundation assessed demand for different
vocations based on delivery of varied services. Wherever there
was shortage of particular service providers, skill and vocational
training were arranged to create adequate pool of the same. In
certain cases, skill up gradation programmes were undertaken
and in others credit and grant support was given. Lupin
Foundation also developed kits of tools and implements for some
service based occupations such as of barber, mason, electrician
and similar others. These kits were provided to the needy and
poor.
Lupin Foundation impart training to large number of persons for
their skill up gradation leading to self-employment. These training
programmes are based on demand driven approach and they
provide a wide choice of vocations, a priority for rural BPL youth,
credit linkage after training and extended hand holding to ensure
sustenance of self enterprises.
Through this, several conventional and modern rural
entrepreneurs were supported to avail gainful livelihood. They
include conventional service providers, traditional traders, sellers
like wedding musicians, street clothe vendors or new breed of
service providers like electricians.

Skill and vocational training to create pool of service providers

Promotion of rural traders, sellers and service providers
i. Conventional traders, sellers and service providers
ii. Modern service providers
Self employed service providers
Mattress making
Welding
Beauty parlour

45 46
 Skill and vocational training to create pool of service providers
Lupin Foundation conducts different skill training programme 13. Electric wiring and Fitting
routinely to create pool of self employed service providers in 14. Plumber training
sufficient number in the villages. This not only ensures availability 15. Steel Furniture making
of essential services within the villages, it offers meaningful
16. Electric motor winding
livelihood option to poor without migration.
17. Tailoring and embroidery
List of Vocational Training Programmes 18. Beauty parlour
1. Stone Handicraft
2. Tulasi mala making
3. Gems cutting and Polishing
4. Artificial Chain making
5. Mobile handset Skill training programme
6. Two Wheeler repair and maintenance
7. Computer hardware training
8. Computer Software training
9. UPS/ Inverter Repairing
10. Television Repairing
11. Air Conditioner and Refrigeration repairing
12. Domestic Electrical Appliances

47 48
 Promotion of rural traders, sellers and service providers
Lupin Foundation found shortage of different skilled persons,
vendors, traders, sellers and service providers within adopted
villages. Despite local demand, there was absence of such
persons due to migration or lack of skill. Realising this Lupin
Foundation systematically either brought migrated such vendors,
traders and service providers back to village or generated new
I. Conventional traders, sellers and service providers
Various conventional service providers or professionals were
either brought back through persuasion or new persons
supported to initiate such enterprises. This includes traditional
wedding musicians, door to door clothe sellers and many other
similar artists, vendors or traders.
49
ones from the village itself through skill training and micro finance
support.
These rural entrepreneurs were either traditional or modern as
mentioned earlier.
II. Modern service providers
Apart from conventional and traditional occupations, several
new skill based professions with good demand in rural areas were
promoted. The promotion was mainly done through skill
development and credit support. These professions includes Two
Wheeler repairs, Radio / TV repairs, Motor rewinding, electrical
transformer repairs, irrigation pump-set repairs, cell phone
repairs, Beautician Course, Domestic Electrical appliances repair
and similar others.
50
 Self employed service providers
Another innovative contribution to livelihood promotion was
through development and distribution of various kits to service
providers. For several service providers even purchasing basic
tools, instruments and tools is difficult at the beginning. Realising
this Lupin Foundation decided to develop and equip these
nonfarm rural professionals with kits from Foundations own
grant. These kits consists of implements and tools required for
providing those services efficiently. These are quite handy for
rural professionals such as barbers, masons, cobblers and
electricians. Many times these kits enable worker to become
master. For those who were already masters, it leads to increase
in income as in the case of barbers who can now give advanced
services to their customers and charge more for that.

Mattress making

Mattress making is another traditional livelihood that is

supported by Lupin Foundation with similar process. Primarily
targeting local market, the artisans are provided with skills and
timely credit support to establish their own enterprises.

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Welding Beauty parlour

In rural India, one can see transformation of traditional opportune micro finance support to those engaged in welding With changing lifestyle and culture, Beauty Parlours are turning women to become beautician. After it, they can either work as
blacksmith services into welding works. There is good demand for works. enterprise that can give good returns with very little working beautician or set up their own beauty parlour, for which again the
it with handsome returns. Hence, Lupin Foundation has extended capital and investment. It is fast proliferating business in rural Foundation extend credit support.
India. Realising this Lupin Foundation provides regular training to

53 54