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Unit 1

Vocabulary

Most valuable lesson: the most important thing learn

Guiding principle: Basic guideline for behavior

Rule of thumb: a deliberate effort

Easier said than done: seems simple, but difficult to act on

Make a point: underlying philosophy or goal

Time Phrases

Since Friday
Next month
Every week
While
At the moment
How long
Last year
Already

Currently I present continuous


A few years ago, I simple past
Ifor several years. Perfect continuous
Sooner or later I future simple
Generally I simple present
Vocabulary

Odds and ends: small things


By and large: in general
Law and order: control of crime
Peace and quiet: a state of calm
In this day and age: nowadays
Ifs, ands or buts: objections
Rough and ready: basic
Heart and soul: best effort

As and when
First and foremost
Bits and pieces
a chatterbox: habla mucho
a control freak: controladora
a doer: un hacedor/ hacer mucho
a dreamer: un soador/ no son practicos ni impulsados a lograr
a drifter: no puede establecerse
a fighter: un luchador
a free spirit: un espritu libre
a go-getter: estan llenos de accion y unidad
a joker: un bromista
a planner: un planificador
an outgoing type: muy sociable
a worrier: un preocupado

Story of my life: historia de mi vida


larger than life: ms largo que la vida
a fact of life: un hecho de vida
all walks of life: todos los ambitos de la vida
having the time of her life: tener el mejor momento de su vida
life-saver: vida salvadora
Unit 2

a way of life and a livelihood un modo de vida y un medio de vida

a career and a vocation una carrera y una vocacin

a profession and a trade una profesin y un oficio

an occupation and a living una ocupacin y una vida

a job and a task un trabajo- short job

Vocabulary

Get by: Arreglrselas

Getting ahead: Saliendo adelante

Get through: Pasar

Get on with: Llevarse bien con

Get down to: Bajar a

Getting at: Llegar a

Grammar:
Banker: banquero

Farmer: agricultor

Fisherman/women: pescador/a

Physical therapist: fisioterapeuta

Coal miner: minero de carbon

Firefighter: bombero

Truck driver: conductor de camion

Teacher: profesor/a

Present and perfect participle

A conjunction+ pronoun+ verb

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/participles_form.htm link para que repasen present participle

https://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/participleperfect.html perfect participle


Idioms health and safety

Book:

Corners: Esquinas

Danger:

Nature:

Net: Red

Precaution:

Side: Lado

Word focus foot

get your foot in the door: to enter a business or organization at a low level, but with a chance of being more
successful in the future.

foot the bill: pagar la cuenta

shot herself in the foot: to do something without intending to which spoils a situation for yourself/ hacer algo sin
pretender que se estropee una situacin por ti mismo

put your foot in your mouth: to say something by accident that embarrasses or upsets someone

followed in her mothers footsteps: sigui los pasos de su madre


put your foot down: to use your authority to stop something happening

UNIT 3 FOUR WALLS

Language focus: Intensifying adverbs

Bitterly
You can use bitterly when there is a strong negative emotion: usually sadness (with disappointed, regret, and
cry) or annoyance/anger (with complain and resent)
bitterly disappointed
bitterly regret
cry bitterly
complain bitterly
bitterly resent
Bitterly is also often used with cold, to emphasize weather that is very, very cold!

Deeply
You can use deeply with emotions in general, to emphasize that they are very strong.
deeply appreciative
deeply ashamed
deeply concerned
deeply hurt
deeply moved
deeply offended
deeply worried

Highly
You can use highly with probability words (likely/unlikely, probable, unusual) and others:
highly unlikely
highly probable
highly effective
highly controversial
highly profitable
highly recommended

Ridiculously
You can use ridiculously when something is so extreme, its difficult to believe.
ridiculously cheap
ridiculously easy
ridiculously long
ridiculously small
ridiculously early

Strongly
You can use strongly with verbs relating to having or expressing opinions:
strongly believe
strongly deny
strongly oppose
strongly feel
strongly dislike
strongly support
strongly influence

Gradable adjectives:
Ungradable Gradable
tiny small
excellent good
boiling warn/hot
enormous big
terrible bad
freezing cold
exhausted tired
furious angry
1. famous for its old buildings: historic neighborhood
2. attracts shoppers: commercial district
3. a concentration of affordable residential homes: housing development conjunto/ urbanizacion
4. a large lively city: vibrant city
5. lots of commuters live here: bedroom community
6. nothing much happens here: quiet town
7. a rich green residential area outside the center: leafy suburb muchos arboles
8. an area that keeps growing outward: sprawling metropolis muy grande
Vaguely familiar, midly amused= doesnt mean very.

hopelessly wrong: irremediablemente equivocado


mildly amused: levemente divertida
vaguely familiar: vagamente familiar
wildly optimistic: extremadamente optimista
simply unacceptable: simplemente inaceptable

Empathic structures
NB: ntese bien

i.e.: es decir
Courtyard: patio
Roof garden: jardin de techo
UNIT 4: INNOVATION

Come about: happen


Comes down to: amounts to essentially / is a question of
Come across: find unexpectedly / to act, found by a chance
Come off: be successful / succeed
Come up against: encountered
Came up with: think of / ideas or statement

must have been: speculate


had to: obligation
should have been: advisable
didnt need to have: necessity

a drop: una gota


a stroke: un golpe
a shred: un fragmento
a glimmer: una luz tenue
a flash: un resplandor
a hint: una pista
give it some time: dar tiempo
give it your best: dar lo major de ti
gave us the go-ahead: nos dio la aprobacion
give him a shot: darle un tiro
give it some thought: darle un poco de pensamiento
give it a break: dar un Descanso

Pharasal verb: come

Partitives

Give
Past modals

Probability
Unit 5

Vocabulary

1. Ascent/ decent
2. Path: sendero, camino / track: pista, huellas, para correr (no para carros).
3. Way: camino, manera, forma / course: describe la ruta de un ro, curso, recorrido.
4. Came across: cruzar, se encontr con
5. Trail: va terreste, camino para caminar o ciclear / route: ruta, recorrido
6. Road: carretera / street: calle para ciudad, pueblo, aldea

We walked along the trail through the trees


After climbing the mountain, the decent seemed a lot easier
There were a lot of pedestrians (peatones) on the street
We usually run along the track to practice for the race

Grammar

A lot: Mucho
Doesnt: no
It: eso
One: uno
Others: otros
This: esta
To do so: para hacerlo
Idioms rhyming expressions

To smell a rat: sense something is wrong


Burn the midnight oil: to work late night
Break a leg: To wish someone good luck
To chicken out: To back out because of fear/ freak out
To spill the beans: To tell a secret
Apple of my eye: like things of that person
Cost an arm and a leg: Very expensive
Cold feet: Scared, nervous
On cloud nine: Very happy
Cat got your tongue: te comieron la lengua los ratones

Rhyming idioms

Fair share: your part of something


No-go: no agreement/ no alcanzable
Fine line: small difference
Ill will: no hay problema
Tell-tale: signs/ sntomas
Nitty gritty: main point/ al grano
Wishy washy: dbil, indeciso, simple
Real deal: real o genuino

He got the job and I didnt , but there is no ill will between us
Sneezing and feeling hot and cold are tell- tale symptoms of the flu
Its a no-go; the negotiations fell apart and we dont have a contract
Its ok is a pretty wishy- wasy answer
We need to get down to the nitty-gritty: the exact price, quantity, and delivery date
As an example of a sportsman who never gives up, Rafael Nadal is the real deal.

Why are you so wishy- washy about our trip?


I didnt know who stole my money, but as soon as Renee came around I saw the guilt on her face, I smelled
the rat immediately.
Maria is the burn the midnight oil with the two jobs that she has. She always works until 12 midnight.
Chris went bungee-jumping but at the last minute he chickened out
Luis accidentally spilled the beans about the surprise party for his cousin.
Cast

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