University of Jordan Faculty of Engineering & Technology Electrical Engineering Department

EE589: Power System Quality Tutorial #1 Harmonic Indices Summer Semester 2015-2016

Problem # 1
Based on the output of a harmonic analyzer, it has been determined that a nonlinear load has a total
RMS current Irms of 75 A. It also has 38, 21, 4.6, and 3.5 A for the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th harmonic
currents, respectively. Determine the following:
a. The fundamental current in Amps, I1.
b. The amount of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th harmonic currents in percentages of the fundamental.
c. The amount of the, THDI.
d. The true power factor, TPF.
e. The peak current, Ipeak.
.

Solution:

I rms I12 I 32 I 52 I 72 I 92
a.
I1 I rms
2

I 32 I 52 I 72 I 92 752 382 212 4.62 3.52 60.88 A
I3 38
I3 0.6242 pu or 62.42%
I 1 60.88
I5 21
I5 0.3449 pu or 34.49%
I 1 60.88
b.
I7 4.6
I7 0.0756 pu or 7.56%
I 1 60.88
I9 3.5
I9 0.0575 pu or 5.75%
I 1 60.88
c.
I rms I 1 1 THD I2
2
I
2
75
THD rms
2
I
1 1 1.5178 1 0.5178
I1 60.88
THD I 0.5178 0.72 or 72%
or

I 2
h
I
2

THD I h
h2
I 2
3
I 52 I 72 I 92 0.6242 2
0.3449 2 0.0756 2 0.0575 2
I1 h2 I 1
THD I 0.72 or 72%
1 1
d. TPF 0.658 0.811
1 THDI
2
1 0.72 2
e. I peak 2 I h 2 I 1 I 3 I 5 I 7 I 9 2 60.88 38 21 4.6 3.5 128 2 A
h 1

1
Problem # 2
A 4.16-kV 3-phase feeder is supplying a purely resistive load of 5400 kW. It has been determined
that there are 175 V of zero-sequence third harmonic and 75 V of negative-sequence fifth harmonic.
If the fundamental voltage V1=4.16kV, determine the following:
a. The total voltage harmonic distortion, THDV.
b. Is the THDV below the IEEE Std. 519-1992 for the 4.16-kV distribution system?
c. The peak voltage, Vpeak.
d. The true RMS voltage, Vrms.
e. The fundamental current, I1.
f. The load resistance, R.
g. The harmonic currents I3 and I5.

Solution:
V
h2
2

1752 752 190.39

h
a. THDV 0.0458 or 4.58%
V1 4160 4160
b. From the Table, THDV limit for 4.16 kV is 5%. Since the THD calculated is 4.58%, it is less
than the limit of 5% recommended by IEEE Std. 519-1992 for 4.16 kV distribution system.
c. V peak Vh V1 V3 V5 4160 175 4410 V .
h 1

d. Vrms V12 V32 V52 41602 1752 752 4164.4 V

S3 5400 103
e. I1 I L 748.56 A .
3VL 3 4160
VLL 3 4160 3
f. R 3.2123 .
IL 748.56
V3 3 175 3 V5 3 75 3
g. I 3 31.4902 A, I5 12.4956 A
R 3.2123 R 3.2123

2
Problem # 3
Assume that the pu harmonic currents are 1.00, 0.016, 0.216, 0.05, 0.003, 0.089, 0.031, 0.002,
0.048, 0.026, 0.001, 0.033, and 0.021 pu A for the harmonic order of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,
21, 23, 25, respectively. Also assume that the eddy current loss factor PED-R is 8%. Based on the
ANSI/IEEE Standard C75.110, determine the following:
a. The K-factor of the transformer.
b. The transformer derating based on the standard.

Solution:
I hh 1
2 2
h
K
I h 1
2
h

5.712
a. K
1 0.016 0.261 0.050 0.003 0.089 0.0312 0.002 2 0.0482 0.026 2 0.0012 0.0332 0.0212
2 2 2 2 2 2

5.712
K 5.3
1.084
1 PEC R 1 0.08
b. Transformer derating I rms 0.87 pu or 87%.
1 KPEC R 1 5.3 0.08

3
Problem # 4

In an office building, measurement of a line current of branch circuit serving exclusively computer
load has been made using a harmonic analyzer. The outputs of the harmonic analyzer are phase
current waveform and spectrum of current supplying such electronic power loads. For a 60-Hz, 58.5
RMS fundamental current (I1=58.5 Arms), it is observed from the spectrum that there is 100%
fundamental and odd triplen harmonics of 63.3%, 4.4%, 1.9%, 0.6%, 0.2%, and 0.2% for the 3rd, 9th,
15th, 21st, 27th, and 33rd orders, respectively. If it is assumed that loads on the three phases are
balanced and all have the same characteristic, determine the following:
a. The total RMS triplen harmonics current, Itriplen in each phase.
b. The approximate RMS value of the phase current in pu, Irms.
c. The approximate RMS value of the neutral current in pu, Irms.
d. The ratio of the neutral current to the phase current, IN/Irms.
e. The amount of the, THDI.

Solution:

I triplen I 3 I 9 I 15 I 21 I 27 I 33
a.
0.633 0.044 0.019 0.006 0.002 0.002 0.706 pu
or
I triplen I 32 I 92 I 152 I 212 I 272 I 332
0.633 2 0.044 2 0.019 2 0.006 2 0.002 2 0.002 2 0.403 0.635 pu
b. I rms I 12 I 32 I 92 I 152 I 212 I 272 I 332 12 0.635 2 1.403 1.185 pu
c. I N 3 * I triplen 3 * 0.706 2.118 pu
IN 2.118
1.73
d. I rms 1.224
I N 1.73 I phase

I 2

I
2

I I 92 I152 I 212 I 272 I 332

h

THDI h2
h 2
3
e. I1 h 2 I1

THDI 0.633 2
0.0442 0.0192 0.0062 0.0022 0.0022 0.403 0.6348 or 63.48%

4
Problem # 5
Figure P5 shows a pulse voltage waveform and its corresponding peak voltage harmonic spectrum.
The voltage waveform appears across a 50- resistor.
a. Determine the rms voltage of the pulse waveform Vrms-pulse and the corresponding power
dissipated through the 50- resistor.
b. Determine the true rms voltage of the signal using the harmonic components of Fig. P5-b.
c. Determine the power absorbed by the 50- resistor considering the dc component and the first
four nonzero harmonics as indicated by Fig. P5-b.
d. Determine the power spectrum (The power dissipated by each harmonic component). Indicate
the power levels (in watts) on a frequency distribution curve.
Vp=0.637 V
Vp=0.212 V
Vp=0.127
Vp=0.091 V

Fig. P5-a: Time-Domain Display Fig. P5-b: Frequency-Domain Display

2 2 2 2
0.637 0.212 0.127 0.091
V rms 0.500 2






0.698

2 2 2 2

If the pulse wave were applied to a resistive element, power would be dissipated as if each
frequency component had been applied independently. The total power can be determined by the
summation of the individual contributions of each frequency. In order to calculate the power
dissipated at each sinusoidal frequency, we need to first convert the voltages into rms values. The
frequency spectrum may then be represented in terms of power rather than as voltage.

The power dissipated by the dc component is determined as

V dc2 0.52
Pdc 5 mW
RL 50
The power dissipated by the resistor subjected to a sinusoidal frequency (harmonic frequency
component) is determined as:
2
Vp

2
V rms V2 2
Vp
2

P rms
RL RL RL 2RL

For the pulse waveform of Fig. Q2-a the power due to each of the first four nonzero sinusoidal
components is found as follows:
2
2


For the Fundamental component, the power dissipated is determined as P1 4.05 mW
2 50
2
2

3
For the third harmonic component, the power dissipated is determined as P3 0.45 mW
2 50
2
2

5
For the fifth harmonic component, the power dissipated is determined as P5 0.16 mW
2 50

5
 2
2

7
For the seventh harmonic component, the power dissipated is determined as P7 0.08 mW
2 50
The power levels in (mW) as function of frequency is shown below.

Using only the dc component and the first four nonzero harmonics, the total power dissipated by the
resistor is PT=9.74 mW. The actual rms voltage of the pulse waveform is found to be
1

1
1 V 2 (0.5ms) 0.707 V
T
V rms v 2 (t )dt
T 0 1.0 ms
Therefore, using the rms voltage, the power dissipated by the resistor is found as
P
2
V rms 0.707 2 10.0 mW
R 50
Although the pulse waveform has power contained in components with frequencies above the
seventh harmonic, we see that more than 97% of the total power of a pulse waveform is contained
in only the first seven harmonics.

6
Problem # 6
The current flowing through a linear R-L circuit element of 10- resistor and 31.85 mH is given by:
i (t ) 15 cos(100 ) 5 cos(300t ) A . Determine:

a. the voltage v(t) across the R-L element.

b. The THDI of i(t) and the THDV of v(t).
c. The real, reactive and apparent powers (P, Q, S) absorbed by the element.
a. The displacement and true power factors (DPF, PFtrue)

i (t ) 15 cos(100 ) 5 cos(300t ) A
di di
v(t ) Ri L 10i 0.03185
dt dt
v(t ) 15 cos(100 ) 5 cos(300t ) 10
15 cos(100 90) 10 5 cos(300t 90) 30
v(t ) 150 cos(100 ) 50 cos(300 90) 150 cos(100 90) 150 cos(300 90)
v(t ) 150cos(100 ) sin(100 ) 50 cos(300 ) 150 sin(300 )
v(t ) 150 2 cos(100 45) 50 10 cos(300 71.6) V

I 2
h
52
THDI 2
0.33 (33%)
I 12 152 R=10
i(t)

V h
2

50 10 2
158.112 158.11 0.745 (74.5%)
THDV 2

150 2
L=31.85 mH
V 1
2 2
212.132 212.13
(150 2 )(15) (50 10 )(5)
P cos(45) cos(71.6) 1125 124.8 1249.8W
2 2
(150 2 )(15) (50 10 )(5)
Q sin(45) sin(71.6) 1125 375.1 1500.1 VAR
2 2
S Vrms I rms
2 2

1502 50
150 2 50 10

2
Vrms 5 12500 187.1 V
2 2
2 2
15 5
I rms 125 11.18 A
2 2
S Vrms I rms 187.1 V 11.18 2091.8 VA
DPF cos(45 0) 0.707 lagging
P 1249.8
PFtrue 0.597 lagging
S 2091.8

7
Problem # 7
A large office building is supplied from a 500-kVA, 12.47-kV/480-V, 5% reactance three-phase
transformer as shown in Fig. Q7. The transformer feeds a nonlinear load with per-phase harmonic
spectrum of the total line current shows the fundamental current, I1 (100%), 3rd harmonic (70%),
followed by the 5th (60%), 7th (40%), and 9th (22%). Assume that the fundamental current is I1=500
A. Determine the following:

Determine the voltage magnitudes of the following harmonic voltages developed at the 480-V bus
due to harmonic currents.

a. The 3rd harmonic bus voltage, V3.

b. The 5th harmonic bus voltage, V5.
c. The 7th harmonic bus voltage, V7.
d. The 9th harmonic bus voltage, V9.
e. Calculate the voltage harmonic distortion index, THDV.

Fig. Q1 X=5%
Solution: VH = 12.47 kV VL = 480V
~ i(t)
I 1 500 A.
Non Linear
. I 3 0.7 * 500 *1.0 350 A. Load
I 5 0.6 * 500 *1.0 300 A. I1=500 A
I 7 0.4 * 500 *1.0 200 A. Fig. Q7
I 9 0.22 * 500 *1.0 110 A.

X T 0.05 Z base ( LV )

Z base ( LV )
VLL2

0.48k 2 0.4608
S base 0.5M
X T 0.05 0.4608 0.023

I h hX T , h 1,3,5,7, and 9
V Lph V Hph
h 1

480 I 1 X T sin(t 90) I 3 3 X T sin(3t 90) I 5 5 X T sin(5t 90)

v Lph (t ) 2 sin(t )
3 I 7 7 X T sin(7t 90) I 9 9 X T sin(9t 90)
480 500(1 0.023) cos(t ) 350(3 0.023) cos(3t ) 300(5 0.023) cos(5t )
v Lph (t ) 2 sin(t )
3 200(7 0.023) cos(7t ) 110(9 0.023) cos(9t )
v Lph (t ) 392.1 cos(t 1.7) 24.15 cos(3t ) 34.5 cos(5t ) 32.2 cos(7t ) 22.8 cos(9t )
v Lph (t ) v1 (t ) v 3 (t ) v 5 (t ) v 7 (t ) v 9 (t )

V3 LL 3 3 X T I 3 3 24.15 41.8 V , V3 LL
13.94
0.0615 or 6.15%
3 (392.1)

V5 LL 3 5 X T I 5 3 34.5 59.8 V , V5 LL
59.8
0.088 or 8.8%
3 (392.1)

8
V7 LL 3 7 X T I 7 3 32.2 55.8 V , V7 LL
55.8
0.082 or 8.2%
3 (392.1)
V9 LL 3 9 X T I 9 3 22.8 39.5 V , V9 LL
38.5
0.057 or 5.7%
3 (392.1)
2
V
THDV h V3
2
V52 V72 V92
h 2 V1
0.0615 2
0.088 2 0.082 2 0.057 2 0.147 or 14.7%