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Cognizant 20-20 Insights

Care Management Platforms for


Population Health: Seven Real-World
Best Practices
Our experience with large platforms offers important lessons and
strategies that healthcare organizations can successfully replicate
when deploying a population health-oriented care management system.

Executive Summary The lessons discussed in this whitepaper are the


result of our direct experience with recent care
Care management platforms are fast becoming
management platform deployments designed to
a necessity for provider-delivered population
achieve provider population health management
health management. Payers have long prac-
goals. These challenging projects touched vir-
ticed care management, but in a low-touch
tually every clinical and business process in the
environment using claims data. Increasingly, how-
organization. Our work has helped us identify a
ever, providers will practice population healthcare
critical readiness evaluation model that providers
management using a relationship-driven, real-
can use to streamline platform implementation,
time, high-touch approach. Platforms promise
including assessing care management maturity
to deliver evidence-based care plans, driven by
in several dimensions.
real-time data from a central repository. This will
enable providers to achieve the patient outcomes Using this model, organizations can success-
necessary to meet the value-based care require- fully deploy care management platforms and
ments of delivering higher quality care at lower design new workflow processes that will help
costs while improving the healthcare consumers them fulfill contractual requirements and align
experience. clinical resources more appropriately with actual
needs. These care management approaches will
How well providers succeed at these goals
also enable providers to effectively monitor and
depends on how effectively they plan, prepare
manage populations and deliver wellness services
and execute the care management platform
more effectively to improve patient satisfaction
implementation. This is largely uncharted terri-
while reducing costs.
tory for providers. No individual vendor has been
able to offer a complete platform solution that
directly addresses all the needs of typical provid-
ers for acute and/or ambulatory care.

cognizant 20-20 insights | march 2016


Care Managements Data Intensity
Care management platforms promise to automate labor-intensive data aggregation, more quickly and accurately
identify patients, generate appropriate care plans and assist care managers at the point of care with relevant data
and evidence-based protocols.

Care Program
Operations
Implement evidence-
based protocols and
standardize role and
workload management.
Risk Stratification
Update risk inputs in
real-time, including
demographics, clinical
and social data.

Disease Cohort Reporting


Data Acquisition
Aggregate data to support SEPTEMBER
Identification Generate administrative,
operational, quality
a longitudinal patient view
and patient record-matching. 15 Automate patient
identification and assign
evidence-based care
reports based on role.

plans.

Figure 1

Automating Care Management for all involved entities, with a patients care team
Population Health: A Brave New World supported by insights derived from real-time data
analytics and evidence at the point of care (see
When a care management platform designed for
Figure 1).
managing population health with real-time data
goes live, it identifies hundreds of patients and Provider organizations face many challenges in
generates disease cohorts, care plans, reports achieving these goals. Platform implementations
and dashboards. In just a matter of hours, the are not easily replicable because of each provid-
platform delivers a long queue of ready-to- ers unique mix of IT systems, business processes
engage patients that would otherwise take and patient populations. Even within a single pro-
several months to compile. Such systems interact vider organization, IT capabilities and business
with key provider business and clinical processes and clinical maturity for care management may
and IT systems. vary widely across individual departments and
institutions.
Care management is exceptionally data-driven,
using clinical, revenue cycle and utilization data In addition, care management platforms are still
to provide decision-making guidance at the point relatively immature. They have not been in use
of care by referencing evidence-based health out- long enough to collect the feedback necessary
come contractual requirements. for vendors to enhance and grow their offerings.
During our recent work deploying care manage-
To take full advantage of the care management
ment platforms, we inventoried tools, strategies
platforms capabilities and adapt to this new
and key lessons learned that have enabled health-
world, providers must redesign organization-wide
care organizations to more smoothly implement
processes and manage significant change. In an
and generate value from their investments.
ideal provider organization, creating a closed-
loop care coordination system would include a
complete exchange of clinical information across

cognizant 20-20 insights 2


Model Key Dimensions of Readiness erability across departments, use of analytics
LESSON 1
for Care Management to drive care decisions, caregiver training,
business process efficiency and underlying IT
Providers can better position themselves for
system maturity.
implementation success by clearly understanding
their readiness to mesh existing care manage- Contract: Platform implementation and con-
ment programs with a sophisticated platform. figuration choices are directly impacted by
We have developed a model for scoring the key the level of complexity of current contracts.
dimensions of care management implementa- These contracts define key care management
tion maturity; providers can use the results to requirements and affect the scale of required
fine-tune their strategies for launching a care transformation. Typical evaluation points
management platform (see Figure 2). The three include number of managed lives, risk level
key maturity dimensions are: definition, acute or chronic conditions, patient
settings, care team structure requirements,
Organization: The work here is to assess the
process compliance, number of outcomes to
organizations culture, care delivery infra-
track and reporting requirements.
structure and technology portfolio in terms
of their ability to align with a sophisticated Product: As most provider-side care
care management platform and support management platforms are immature, its
closed-loop care coordination (see Figure 3, critical to understand the selected platforms
next page). The organizations current care current capabilities, such as how many desired
management processes, in particular, are features are available out of the box, its
evaluated according to their levels of interop- interoperability capabilities, support features
and roadmap.

Rethinking, Refining Care Management Platforms


Care management platform implementation is an enterprise-wide effort, intertwining with clinical, administrative
and IT systems and processes. Healthcare organizations must assess their readiness to integrate automation-

2
augmented care management in these areas in order to identify and overcome potential platform implementation
challenges. #

Business Needs Assessment Consuming Data for


Recognize and address the lack of Care Management Care Process Re-design
clarity on functional needs. Enable integration of conventional, and Change Management
Develop an approach to drive social and patient-generated data. Recognize the necessity of
priority customizations. Address challenges in reconciling process mapping and evaluation.
Address the inability to distinguish Identify and focus on change
data to create a single version of
team and process redesign needs management scope.
the truth.
from application functionality. Understand culture and policies. Vendor Partner Selection
Recognize that the care
management platform is
relatively immature and that
the feature set is both complex
and specialized for a single
vendor to deliver.
Include implementation
maturity and roadmap items in
the evaluation.
Enterprise-wide PHM Product Configuration Data Acquisition
Implementation Strategy Understand dependencies and Preparation
Prepare for long duration, large scope arising from integration of new Enable semantic normalization
and impact. and existing care delivery and optimization of data.
> Complex multi-partner collaboration. programs. Synchronize availability across
> Large-scale business process Manage redundancy in capabili- multiple sources.
modifications. ties across applications. Coordinate with interoperability
> Diversity of risk contracts/programs. roadmap.
Take a continuous quality
improvement approach.
Figure 2

cognizant 20-20 insights 3


Deconstructing Care Management Platform Excellence
These are the critical organizational elements needed to successfully implement a care management platform.
Balanced technology portfolio
that supports a robust and flexible data
infrastructure and enables data
acquisition, semantic normalization
and care management workflow at the
point of care.

Robust care
delivery infrastructure Successful
that supports innovative delivery Care Management
models and engagement techniques Platform
for personalized, evidence-based
health management interventions.

Organizational culture
of learning and innovation
that supports the essential leadership and
governance structure for adopting new care
management processes.
Figure 3

Scoring Organizational Readiness among systems. It may also reveal other clinical,
Organizations receive a score, from 0 to 100, business and IT initiatives under way that might
indicating their readiness to implement a care intersect with the platform deployment, such
management platform. The scores fall into one as ICD-10 transitions, electronic health records,
of four categories: basic, foundational, emerging meaningful use projects, etc.
and mature/sustainable (see Figure 4, next page).
We have found that the assessment results
Using a model to calculate maturity, the organi- provide a solid basis for identifying business
zation can develop an objective and structured objectives, creating an implementation roadmap
view of its current state to guide the imple- and guiding project governance and implementa-
mentation effort. An organization in the basic tion teams.
or foundational maturity
Using a model to stage should recognize that Create a Multidisciplinary Team for LESSON 2
Program Governance
calculate maturity, it will need to engage in
more substantive process The readiness assessment process illustrates why
the organization can redesign and change man- providers need a project governance team with
develop an objective agement activities during clinical, data and operations functions represent-
and structured the implementation vs. an ed to fully address how the platform will affect
organization that already discrete processes, as well as interconnected
view of its current has well established and operations, data and workflows. These three func-
state to guide the interconnected care pro- tions must collaborate on the care management
implementation cesses across its systems system transition plan and apply their perspec-
(see Quick Take, next page). tives and input to ensure smoother acceptance of
effort. the platform from clinical, business and IT func-
This approach to readiness tional areas.
helps highlight the areas that will most likely be
affected by the implementation, and can pinpoint This multidisciplinary perspective is also critical
issues to address, such as care teams needing for identifying all the existing and planned clini-
to learn how to incorporate analytics into their cal and business systems electronic health
workflows, and/or key interoperability points records (EHRs), health information exchanges

cognizant 20-20 insights 4


Quick Take
Maturity Assessment of Provider-Led Population Health Management

Organizations that assess their readiness to Contract Dimension


adopt a care management platform can anticipate The organization had four risk contracts, with
challenges and opportunities that arise during three major health plans covering approxi-
implementation. In one case, a client needed a mately 80,000 lives.
strategy for accountable care, based on a sound
Product Dimension
business architecture with a care management
platform as its centerpiece. We determined that Several siloed applications across departments
the organization was at a basic maturity level, supported a portion of the populations health
based on the following characteristics: requirements.

Organizational Dimension Each team approached risk stratification


differently; risk levels were not applied to
Virtually every physician practice was using
downstream processes.
a different electronic medical record (EMR)
system, so effective data exchange was minimal. There was a low level of staff involvement in
previous platform implementation projects.
Patient identification was based entirely on
discharge information and was limited to three A one-year implementation was expected.
disease cohorts.
Through this assessment, the client under-
The effectiveness of existing care management stood it needed to make essential changes to
programs had not been measured. its governance and technology architecture, and
The current care team was not geared for thoroughly review its existing care management
population health management efforts. delivery processes in order to derive full value
from automation and the other benefits of the
The organization had not assessed the number platform.
of staff necessary to support the accountable
care organization (ACO).

Ready, Set, Go
The readiness and maturity assessment results in a clearer picture of steps the organization must take to ensure
the care management platform implementation delivers clinical and business benefits. Organizations with
Level 1 or 2 scores will likely need to make a greater effort to transform care design before or during platform
implementation.

PREPAREDNESS LEVEL

20 45 70 100
CCMIM Preparedness Score
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4
Basic Foundational Emerging Matured & Sustainable
Lack of organized care Focused care management Organization-level care Advanced analytics and care
management processes processes getting management processes management processes
and data interoperability. established. largely established; established in an intercon-
Anecdotal use of evidence Interoperability and data actively leverage an nected healthcare delivery
and risk. standards are limited interoperable patient model to serve population
Limited experience with across the organization. record. health needs.
large implementations. Limited experience with Interoperability spans Health system/product
applying care management multiple departments. vendor have extensive
risk and evidence. Analytics adoption implementation experience.
growing.

Figure 4

cognizant 20-20 insights 5


(HIE), portals, analytic applications, etc. that other key systems could potentially compromise
are intertwined with the care management plat- the care management platforms performance
form, as well as their potential impact on the and perhaps derail its implementation.
platforms performance and expected benefits.
To gather this information, the team will need to Ensure the Platform Has a Major LESSON 3
catalog technology initiatives under way in the Impact on Care Team Operations
organization and interact with multiple vendors For the organization to realize full value from the
to understand their systems and upgrade and platform, care manag-
maintenance schedules. ers must focus on higher For the organization
value outreach and
Such understanding is critical to ensuring the
interventions, accepting
to realize full value
work- from the platform, care
care management platform performs as expected.
evidence-based
For example, an EHR vendor may have a stated
flows and allowing the managers must focus
delivery date for supporting Consolidated Clinical
platform to run rote
Document Architecture (C-CDA), and the care
and routine tasks. This
on higher value outreach
shift to a collabora- and interventions,
management implementation team might build
on this standard, only to learn once approaching
tive, patient-centered accepting evidence-
the go-live date that the EHR vendor has shifted
model from a physician-
its deadline. This greatly complicates EHR-to-care
centered approach can
based workflows and
require substantial train- allowing the platform
management platform communications.

Another disruption could occur when an HIE ing and support-building to run rote and routine
efforts to ensure the
promises full interoperability, then is only able to
new platform enables
tasks.
exchange admission-discharge-transfer data sets.
In either case, the lack of functionality expected in better clinical decision-making and outcomes.

Quick Take
A Typical Care Management Implementation Governance Structure
Organizations need to establish clear roles and Task force organizations: These teams provide
tasks during the implementation period across input to solve issues and improve implementa-
systems, departments and facilities. Key entities tion activities specific to their functional roles,
for establishing program governance for imple- including clinical, IT, change management and
mentation include: innovation.

Sponsor: This role is accountable for managing These


Project management organization roles:
functions manage project activities and
the transition to a new model and applica-
establish a transparent implementation plan.
tion. The individual has an understanding of
The team investigates near misses and failures,
the short- and long-term goals of the initiative,
and focuses on measurable outcomes. Project
as well as how decisions affect other health
managers also catalog potential issues across
system programs and contracts.
vendors and analyze risk mitigation plans.
Steering committee: Project stakeholders and
health system partners often include community The champions: This includes enthusiasts
organizations and patient advocates. This team across organizational roles who understand
works to address pain points during the imple- the workflow challenges of the implementation.
mentation while accounting for a variety of These individuals provide feedback to project
stakeholder perspectives. management and lead respective teams
through a seamless transition.

cognizant 20-20 insights 6


Key considerations include: provider engagement and medical adherence
improvement. Further, they can track care
Staffing levels. By automating care
manager effectiveness on specific interven-
management functions, providers should
tions, such as the discharge process, post-
be able to manage a much larger number
discharge appointment scheduling and transi-
of patients. However, many providers have
tions of care. Providers can accrue substantial
relatively few care managers; even with
gains in population health improvement by
software augmentation, these smaller staffs
continuously monitoring these care measures
would likely be overwhelmed by the patient
that affect outcomes.
load compiled by the system.
The platform also enables providers to drill
Redesigning care management processes.
down and objectively assess how well indi-
Traditional provider-based care management
vidual teams and their members work with
is very labor intensive, with care managers
specific disease groups or risk levels. Such
accessing multiple systems just to identify
information enables providers to more effec-
patients. The care management platform will
tively align teams and care coordination with
replace these manual, error-prone processes,
target populations.
automatically stratifying the providers entire
population of patients by risk, providing Together, these metrics help organizations
validated contact data and serving up the understand how evidence-based plans are driv-
appropriate evidence-based care plans for each ing care improvements, and how well care team
patient. New care management processes that members are listening to the platform and
take advantage of the platforms automation using its analysis and decision-making guid-
must also be designed. ance. This type of performance monitoring also
helps ensure that care teams are managing
Care team members likely will need significant
new workloads appropriately, given that these
training and education to align their expertise
platforms enable an organization to interact
and fully engage with the platform-generat-
with an entire patient population, not just the
ed evidence-based care plans and workflows.
highest risk members.
Extensive pilots and testing can help reveal
these issues. Clinicians must transition from Division of labor. The care management
manual processes for data aggregation and platform will offer more granular stratifica-
care plan selection to automated tools that per- tion of patient populations by risk and disease
form these functions via new business rules. cohorts. Providers will likely find they require
Similarly, the platform would offer functional- new methods and new training for clinicians
ity that enables the care manager to manage to gain full value from this more precise risk
entire groups of interventions at one time (e.g., data. Call centers equipped with wellness and
marking them complete). It would also enable prevention-trained clinicians can serve lower
bulk transfers of patients within or outside the risk groups, enabling more highly-trained pro-
care team, shared work lists for staff pools, and fessionals, such as nurse case managers, to
supervisor workflows that reflect the organiza- interact with higher risk patients.
tions structure and roll up appropriate patients The clinical governance team should also identify
for supervisor oversight. issues such as how the frequency of real-time
These and other new workflows, including updates to patient conditions might affect work-
patient identification, stratification and trigger- flows, the portfolio of necessary care programs
ing of care programs, pose significant change and their timing (e.g., phased vs. big bang) and
management and training challenges. building support for evidence-based workflows.

Performance measurement. With an Take a Continuous Quality


LESSON 4
automated platform, organizations can identify Improvement Approach to Data
performance benchmarks that were difficult if Governance
not impossible to set up with manually-driven
Care management platforms rely on data from
care management. These metrics include
a wide variety of sources to ensure their func-
real-time identification of care gaps that affect
tions streamline processes and provide accurate
quality measures. For instance, organizations
decision support data. A continuous quality
can measure call center performance and its
improvement (CQI) approach to data governance
corresponding effects on avoidable utilization,
can help prevent gaps in data that create work-

cognizant 20-20 insights 7


gradually adjust to the system capabilities. This
A continuous quality
can help keep care managers from being over-
improvement approach to whelmed by features and data availability.
data governance can help
The formal process modeling and workflow
prevent gaps in data that designs also inform report and dashboard config-
create workflow issues, uration. This approach to process standardization
such as a missing element and measurement creates a shift in reporting,
from fragmented and department-specific to
from a patients longitudinal a more holistic and standardized definition of
record preventing accurate enterprise-wide data and process. Platform users
stratification or predictive will need training in order to effectively use the
analytics outputs.
readmission modeling results.
Use Business Needs to Guide Platform LESSON 6
flow issues, such as a missing element from a
Customization and Feature Selection
patients longitudinal record preventing accurate
stratification or predictive readmission modeling Some healthcare platforms, such as EHRs, have
results. The data governance team must under- well-honed implementation methodologies that
stand these key interdependencies. guide customization choices. Because that is not
the case with care management platforms for
A key data team activity includes conducting a population health management, providers must
comprehensive inventory of data types and source endure more trial and error than necessary when
systems and identifying platform processes with selecting platform options. To avoid this situation
the highest dependency on interoperability. The and keep the project on
team must identify impacts and risks and rec- schedule, implementa- To keep the project
ommend workarounds or data optimization tion governance teams on schedule,
techniques to feed back to clinical teams. should use business
requirements, namely implementation
Data sources typically include EHRs transmitting key contracts and their governance teams
HL7 messages, CCDs or extracts, claims, electron- requirements, as lode- should use business
ic prescription data and lab results. Suplemental stars for choosing
data sources include patient assessments, sur- among available options requirements as
veys and patient wearables. A reasonable amount (see Figure 5, next page). lodestars for choosing
of high-quality historical data is also necessary to
provide context for current data. Another impor- Setting priorities for
among available
tant factor to consider is whether the platform which features the care options.
will exchange data with an HIE. management platform
will deliver first, whether out-of-the-box or cus-
LESSON 5 Align Workflows and Platform tom-developed, is best driven by business needs.
Configuration Decisions with Key Two key areas to consider:
Performance Indicators
Care management risk. Key considerations
Health systems need to model the structure would revolve around how the care team will
of their post-implementation care teams and use patients care management risk and how
workflow designs based on the needs of patient the organization in general would accept and
populations and the specific requirements and use the concept of care management risk.
KPIs of each contract, clinical outcome and other This could be a key contractual requirement
program success factors. These scenarios help and would define the segment of managed
ensure that the platforms automated patient lives to be targeted with evidence-based care
assignment features are properly implemented to programs.
support workflows. Organizations may also want
to turn off certain features, such as intervention
Evidence-based programs readiness. The
implementation readiness assessment should
types to be managed, and launch with a smaller
reveal the organizations ability to use care
set of features that will enable care managers to

cognizant 20-20 insights 8


interventions as the platform generates them. ability, analytics, IT and business maturity before
Certain key parameters must be in alignment, expanding the rollout.
including language of the interventions, the sen-
sitivity of the business rules, A phased approach also helps the implementation
team understand the specific feature, configura-
The workgroups that and the number of similar- tion and process needs of individual departments
sounding interventions across
create the list of care programs. and facilities that can be addressed or added to
required features Finally, care managers and
the platform in the future.

should remain intact physicians who are expected Moving Forward: Best Practices
after the platform to use the care management for Care Management Platform
platform must work close-
is live to gather and Implementation
ly with teams charged with
Healthcare organizations may not be able to
implement feedback. configuring features and
deploying customizations. accelerate the technological maturity of care
The workgroups that create the list of required management platforms or avoid the impact
features should remain intact after the platform these systems have on key processes and profes-
is live to gather and implement feedback. sionals. However, they can conduct a thorough
assessment of their organizations readiness in
LESSON 7 Start Small its operations, contracts and clinical processes to
adopt such platforms.
Organizations that embark on ambitious care
management platform implementations find Increasing readiness in those areas is rapidly
great success when they start with small, tightly becoming the cornerstone best practice for
planned rollouts by department and facility, and achieving the organizations goals for population
roll out the care management platform in phases. health quality, cost and patient experience from a
This phased approach helps minimize disruption care management platform.
and help gauge and adjust alignment of interoper-

Leading with Feature and Functional Requirements


Healthcare organizations should initially look to their key contract requirements for guidance about which care
management platform customization options to select. Prioritizing these requirements enables organizations
to better evaluate their platform vendors off-the-shelf availability of features vs. custom development efforts.
Necessary custom work can further be triaged and weighed against rollout schedules and business requirements.

Care Management Clinical Care Coordination


Operational Focus Program Focus
Prioritize risk contract-based Identify relevant care
and operational reports and plans for the population
dashboards. (transition/acute).

Set up care team user Analyze adoption of stratification


and role privileges. to drive care programs.

Define intervention Prioritize interventions by


assignment by risk and role. type (condition, prevention).

Business Needs
Assessment Focus
Figure 5

cognizant 20-20 insights 9


About the Authors
Ravi Mariwalla is a Senior Manager with Cognizant Business Consultings Healthcare Practice. He has
led product management and care management implementations for population health management
programs, has solution development expertise in enterprise analytics and interoperability, and has per-
formed several consulting engagements in business and IT strategy for healthcare providers globally.
His background includes over a decade in managing specialty hospitals. Ravi has an M.B.A. from the Sri
Sathya Sai University in India. He can be reached at Ravi.Mariwalla@cognizant.com.

Rebecca Litner is a Senior Consultant with Cognizant Business Consultings Healthcare Practice. Her
work focuses on integrated health management, product development and implementation, and patient/
provider engagement. She has helped design and implement care management programs and solutions
for risk-based contracts, including BPCI and Medicaid Health Home. She received her M.P.H. in health
policy and management from Boston University and is Six Sigma Green Belt certified. Rebecca can be
reached at Rebecca.Litner@cognizant.com.

Aparna Paluri is a Manager with Cognizant Business Consultings Healthcare Practice. She has led teams
for assessment, application/product development and implementation for payer-provider businesses.
Her work centers around coordinated care management, population health-related solution devel-
opment, ICD-10 regulatory compliance implementation, portal assessment, customer contact center
strategy, financial sensitivity evaluation of transformational programs, payer enrollment-billing process
automation and data warehousing efforts. In addition to being a Fellow, American Health Management
(FAHM), Aparna has an M.B.A. from Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar, and holds a bach-
elors degree in electronics and communications. She can be reached at Aparna.Paluri@cognizant.com.

Preethi Srikanth is a consultant with Cognizant Business Consulting's Healthcare Practice. She has
expertise in a wide range of healthcare products/applications in both the provider and payer spaces.
She has been involved in the development and implementation of care management/population health,
computerized physician order entry (CPOE), EMRs/EHRs, provider/patient portals, and enrollment and
billing functions. She has vast experience in meaningful use and ICD-10 consulting and earned an M.B.A.
in IT and operations from Great Lakes Institute of Management (Chennai) and holds several healthcare
certifications from AHIP. Preethi can be reached at Preethi.Srikanth@cognizant.com.

About Cognizant
Cognizant (NASDAQ: CTSH) is a leading provider of information technology, consulting, and business process out-
sourcing services, dedicated to helping the worlds leading companies build stronger businesses. Headquartered in
Teaneck, New Jersey (U.S.), Cognizant combines a passion for client satisfaction, technology innovation, deep industry
and business process expertise, and a global, collaborative workforce that embodies the future of work. With over
100 development and delivery centers worldwide and approximately 221,700 employees as of December 31, 2015,
Cognizant is a member of the NASDAQ-100, the S&P 500, the Forbes Global 2000, and the Fortune 500 and is ranked
among the top performing and fastest growing companies in the world. Visit us online at www.cognizant.com or follow
us on Twitter: Cognizant.

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