Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
2. Reaction Equilibria
Y.H.Yap
May 2017
1. Introduction Todays Topics
Reaction Heterogeneous
Introduction
Equilibria Reactions
Fundamentals
IN Process OUT
For fluid:
Ammonia synthesis
is spontaneous (thermodynamically favorable) but
kinetically controlled at low temperature
Thermodynamically controlled at high temperature
1. Introduction Example Butadiene - HBr
3-bromo-1-butane (80%)
Butadiene + HBr
1-bromo-2-butane (20%)
3-bromo-1-butane (20%)
Butadiene + HBr
1-bromo-2-butane (80%)
H2
NH3
Total
2
= = 3
2
2 32
2 2
4 2 2
2 2 4 2 2 2
= 3 = 3
1
1 3 3 1 3 3
4 2 4 2
2. Thermodynamic analysis Ammonia synthesis 1 bar
2
+ ln + 298 + 2982
298 2 6
1 1 3
+ 2 2 + 2983
2 298 12
2 2
4 2 2
2 2 4 2 2 2
= 3 = 3
1 3 3 1 3 3
4 2 4 2
= 1.51 105
=
A catalyst:
o affects the rate of a reaction but the process
unchanged (does not affect the equilibrium), and it
itself remain unconsumed
o they may be inhibited, deactivated or destroyed by
secondary processes
o usually changes a reaction rate by promoting a
different molecular path/mechanism for the reaction
o can affect both the yield and the selectivity
Reference
Next Lecture
Heterogeneous Reactions