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LIBRARY YANG DILANGGAN OLEH POLTEKKES KEMKES

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ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIDANAN DAN KESEHATAN

REPRODUKSI

1. Postpartum Hemorrhage: Still a Big Issue in

Maternity CareWhat is Going Wrong?
Hora Soltani (Ph.D)

1 Professor, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam
University, Sheffield, UK

ABSTRAC

Postpartum haemorrhage remains one of the main leading causes of maternal

mortality across the world. This is despite a wide-spread coverage of active third
stage of labour care in many countries. Reflecting on emerging evidence in this
context, a discussion of associated factors which should be considered in
interpretation of the evidence and its implications is presented below.

2. Management of the Nuchal Cord at Birth

David JR Hutchon(MD)

1 Past president of the North of England Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society,

(Retired) Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UK

ABSTRAC
Although nuchal cord is a common occurrence at birth, there is little attention to its
importance or management at birth, and teaching includes premature clamping and
cutting of the cord as the common option. Although grade 1 evidence is lacking,
the optimal management of the nuchal cord, the Somersault manoeuvre is not
taught or included in any current guidelines. What evidence there is, presented in
this review?

3. Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Purple Line with

Transverse Diagonal of Michaelis sacral to Predict
Labor Progress in Nulliparous and Multiparous
Women
Masoumeh Kordi (MSc)1, Morvarid Irani (MSc)2*, Fatemeh Tara (MD)3,
Habibollah Esmaily.(PhD)

ABSTRAC

Background & aim: One of the key aspects of maternal care is observing labor
progress. Careful assessment of labor progress could provide mothers to be
referred on time and could minimize the maternal and neonatal morbidity. This
study aimed to compare diagnostic accuracy of purple line with transverse diagonal
of Michaelis sacral rhomboid to predict labor progress in nulliparous and
multiparous women who referred to Om-ol-banin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from
April to August 2012. Methods: In this double-blind diagnostic accuracy study,
350 nulliparous and multiparous women with a single pregnancy in vertex
presentation and gestational age of 38-42 week who admitted in state hospitals of
Mashhad were selected using convenience sampling. The transverse diagonal of
the Michaelis sacral rhomboid area was measured in cervical dilatation of 3
centimeters. Also labor progress and presence or absence of purple lines between
the buttocks in the lateral position in the active phase of labor was controlled
hourly. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using Mann-Whitney U and Chi-
square test. Results: The mean age of the women was 25.225 years. Out of 350
women enrolled, 61. 2% were primigravidas and 38.8% were multigravidas.
Presence of the purple line with 68.57% sensitivity, 42.66% specificity, and
80.57% validity was accompanied with normal labor progress. Also transverse
diagonal of the Michaelis sacral cut-off point of 98.5 millimeter was
accompanied with normal labor progress with 86.5% sensitivity, 59.45%
specificity and 79.65% validity. Conclusion: Transverse diagonal of the Michaelis
sacral is better predictor for observing labor progress in comparison with purple
line.

4. Comparing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in

Primiparous and Multiparous Women with
Preeclampsia
Zahra Abedian (MSc)1, Narges Soltani (MSc)2*, Naghmeh Mokhber (MD)3,
Habibollah Esmaily (PhD)

ABSTRAC

Background & aim: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety
disorders which occurs in postpartum period. The prevalence of PTSD induced by
preeclampsia has been already reported as 28%, however no study was found to
compare PTSD in primiparous and multiparous women. This study was therefore
conducted to compare PTSD in primiparous and multiparous women. Methods:
This comparative descriptive study was performed on 100 pregnant women with
preeclampsia including 56 primiparous and 44 multiparous women, who selected
conveniently from labor wards of university hospitals in Mashhad, Iran in 2012.
PTSD was diagnosed by psychiatrist and Perinatal Post-traumatic stress
Questionnaire (PPQ) in 6th week postpartum. Social support was measured using
modified Hopkins questionnaire in 2nd and 6th week postpartum. Data were
analyzed with SPSS version16 using Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-
Whitney U test. Results: The rate of PTSD was 24% in primiparous and 37.8% in
multiparous women. There was no significant difference in relation to mean score
of PTSD in primiparous and multiparous women. Mean score of social support in
2nd and 6th week postpartum was significantly higher in primiparous women
(P0.001). 34% of multiparous vs. 5.4% of primiparous women had unwanted
pregnancy (P0.001). There was also a direct relationship between postpartum
social support in 2nd (P0.005) and 6th week postpartum (P0.002) and the rate of
PTSD. Conclusion: The rate and mean score of PTSD in multiparous was higher
than primiparous women. Thus, it seems that multiparous women are at higher risk
for PTSD due to lower postpartum social support and higher rate of unwanted
pregnancy

5. Maternal Periodontitis, Preeclampsia and Adverse

Pregnancy Outcomes
Pourandokht Afshari (MSc)1, Shaghayegh Sheinizadeh (MSc)2, Ardeshir Ranjbari (DMD)3, Foroogh
khalilinejad (DMD)

ABSTRAK
Background & aim: Preeclampsia is a considerable problem of pregnancy. Endothelial
dysfunction and placental hypoxia are the current hypotheses for the pathogenesis of
preeclampsia. Chronic inflammation, including periodontitis may provoke systemic maternal and
placental pro-inflammatory endothelial dysfunction, which represent a significant risk factor for
diseases of vascular origin. So this study was carried out to evaluate the possible relationship
between periodontitis and preeclampsia. Methods: A total of 360 pregnant women were
included, (180 pregnant women with mild or sever periodontitis in one group and 180 pregnant
women with healthy periodontal status in the other group). Periodontitis was determined by the
sum of all pockets with pocket probing depth (PPD) 4mm and bleeding on probing. Healthy
periodontal status was defined as the absence of PPD 4mm. Then two groups evaluated to
determine the presence of preeclampsia. After delivery, weight birth and gestational age was also
recorded. Chi square and t test were used to analyze the data. Results: There was statistically
significant difference between two groups in terms of preeclampsia development (P=0.003).
Women who had a worse periodontal condition were at higher risk for preeclampsia. In addition,
birth weight and gestational age was statistically lower in the case group than the control group
(P

6. The Relationship between Personality Characteristics

and Sleep Quality in Menopausal Women Referred to
 Educational Gynecology Clinics of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran
Sedigheh Azhari (MSc)1, Mahboubeh Ghorbani (MSc)2*, Habibollah Esmaily (PhD)3, Bahram Ali
Ghanbari Hashemabadi (PhD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Postmenopausal women suffer from sleep problems due to night sweats and
serotonin deficiency caused by estrogen deficiency. Considering that the cause of different
reactions to menopausal symptoms including sleep disturbances has not been recognized, this
study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and sleep quality
in postmenopausal women. Methods: This correlational study was carried out on 400
postmenopausal women referred to gynecology clinics of university hospitals in Mashhad, Iran
in 2012 who were selected conveniently. Study tools included NEO-FFI personality
characteristics questionnaire (including 60 items) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire.
Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 16) using Pearson and Spearman correlation
coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results: The mean age of menopausal women was
52.34.07 years. The mean score of menopausal age was 48.83.5 years and the duration of
amenorrhea was 3.81.5 years. The highest and lowest score of personality characteristics was
related to "openness to experience" and the "neuroticism", respectively. There was a direct
correlation between extroversion and sleep quality (P=0.013). Conclusion: Considering that
extroverted women have a better quality of sleep, it is suggested that personality characteristics
of women to be considered in the management protocols of sleep disturbances in post
menopausal women.

7. A Qualitative Inquiry into the Mediating Role of

Religion and Spirituality in Adjusting Marital
Relationships of Infertile Women
Robab Latifnejad Roudsari (Ph.D)1*, Helen T Allan (Ph.D)2, Pam A Smith (Ph.D)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Despite growing body of literature regarding marital adjustment of infertile
women, to our knowledge, there is no study to address the role of religious and spiritual beliefs
in adjusting marital relationships in infertile women. Considering the significance of marital
cohesiveness and commitment in the long and stressful journey of infertile women, this study
was designed to explore how marital relationships are experienced by infertile women who
affiliated to different religious faiths. Methods: A group of 30 infertile women affiliated to
different denominations of Christianity (Protestantism, Catholicism, Orthodoxies) and Islam
(Shiite and Sunni) were interviewed. The design was a grounded theory study including semi
structured in-depth interviews. Data were collected in one Iranian and two UK fertility clinics
through theoretical sampling and analyzed using Strauss and Corbins mode of grounded theory.
Results: Religious infertile women using a religious/spiritual meaning-making framework tried
adjust their marital relationships through going the following phases: being optimistic and
positive, having supportive relationships, being grateful and appreciated for their marital life,
offering spiritual sympathy and adopting religious role models. These strategies aided infertile
women to be more understanding, sympathetic and gentle towards maintaining the family
cohesion. Conclusion: I argue that awareness of health professionals of the potential ways in
which religion and spirituality assist infertile women to deal with their marital issues could be
important. This knowledge will help them to support emotional wholeness and integrity of
infertile women, offering religious and spiritual coping strategies which can help adjusting their
marital relationships.

8. Health Promoting Life style and its Related Factors

in Adolescent Girls
Nahid Golmakani (MSc)1, Fouzieh Naghibi (MSc)2*, Fatemeh Moharari (MD)3, Habibollah Esmaily (PhD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: One of the main strategies for keeping health is having healthy life style.
Due to important role of adolescent health in community health promotion, this study aimed to
determine health promoting life style in adolescent girls of high schools and its associated factors
in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 810 girls ranging in age
from 14 to 18 years old, who were studying in high schools and selected using cluster sampling
from in Mashhad, Iran in 2013. They completed a demographic questionnaire as well as
Adolescent Health Promotion (AHP) scale. Data were analyzed by statistical tests of Mann-
Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Freedman, Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation coefficient and General
linear model. Results: The mean age of subjects was 15.510.98 and the mean score of life style
was 63.9212.01. The highest score of life style subscales was allocated to the spiritual growth
or life-appreciation (77.6615.56) and the least to the physical and sport activities
(51.6622.49). There was a significant relationship between the life style score of adolescents
with parents educational level (mother P=0.024, father P=0.014). However no significant
relationship was found between adolescents' life style and their residential area and also parent's
job. Among different dimensions of life style, the highest correlation was seen between spiritual
growth and life style total score (P=0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is necessary to
prioritize implementing of healthrelated educational programs in order to changing and
modification of unhealthy life style related factors, with focus on sport activities as well as health
and nutrition. Also it is needed to provide special facilities to select healthy living behaviors
among adolescents.

9. Comparing Quality of Life in Women after Vaginal

Delivery and Cesarean Section
Mohammad Mahdi Majzoobi (MD, PhD)1, Mohammad Reza Majzoobi (M.A)2*, Fathollah Nazaripouya
(MD)3, Mansoureh Biglari (MD)4, Jalal Poorolajal (MD, PhD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Postpartum period is accompanied by significant changes in womens
quality of life. These alterations can affect the health of mothers and children. Considering the
importance of postnatal quality of life and its different contributing factors, this study aimed to
compare womens quality of life after vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Methods: This
retrospective cohort study included a random sample of 2100 women, referring to Hamadan
health care centers for congenital hypothyroidism screening or infant vaccination. The
participants quality of life was examined, using Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire,
evaluating five periods of time including one week, two months, four months, six months, and
one year after delivery (either vaginal or cesarean delivery). Data were analyzed using t-test.
Results: Quality of life was significantly higher in women with vaginal delivery, compared to
women with cesarean section in all periods including one week (68.77 vs. 42.44), two months
(69.11 vs. 54.76), four months (78.19 vs. 53.02), six months (75.62 vs. 54.94),and one
year(78.43 vs. 53.77) after delivery. Conclusion: Considering womens higher quality of life
after vaginal delivery, compared to cesarean section, it seems that vaginal delivery is a safer and
less expensive option, which is recommended for all pregnant women.

10. Effect of Jogging Program on Midwives

Physical Fitness: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Minoo Safaei (MSc)1, Zahra Abedian* (MSc)2, Seyed Reza Mazloum (MSc)3, Seyed Reza Attarzadeh
Hosseini (PhD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Background & aim: Physical fitness is essential for maintaining optimal
health and can be achieved and improved by doing physical activities. Maximal oxygen
consumption (VO2 max) has been used as a measure of physical fitness. This study aimed to
determine the effect of jogging program on midwives' physical fitness. Methods: In this
randomized controlled trial two large healthcare centers in Mashhad were randomly selected and
each center assigned to either intervention or control group. 60 employed midwives, working at
these centers, were selected via convenience sampling. The intervention group performed
aerobic exercises at 30-60% VO2 max during 24 sessions. At the beginning and end of the study,
participants physical fitness was measured by calculating VO2 max, using Bruce test.
Independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, and Chi-square tests were carried
out using SPSS version 19 to analyse data. Results: The two groups showed no significant
difference in terms of age, marital status, level of education, economic status and body mass
index (P>0.05). Mean VO2 max in the intervention group (30.69.1) was significantly higher
than that of the control group (24.37.3) (P=0.023). Participants' physical fitness was increased
up to 30% by jogging. Conclusion: As the results indicated, jogging could improve midwives
physical fitness. Therefore, it is essential that health system directors pay more attention to
providing

11. Comparison between the Outcomes of Water

Birth and Normal Vaginal Delivery
Mitra Kolivand (Msc)1, Afshin Almasi (PhD)2, Sousan Heydarpour (Msc)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Warm water immersion during labor is associated with relaxation and pain
reduction for pregnant women. This method is not extensively used in Iran, given the fear of
infection and other maternal/neonatal complications. Alternative methods are required to
increase the safety of normal vaginal delivery. The purpose of this study was to compare
maternal and neonatal outcomes, associated with water birth and normal vaginal delivery.
Methods: This analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on 43 water birth cases (study
group) and 62 subjects with normal vaginal delivery (control group). Random sampling and
consensus were applied for normal vaginal delivery and water birth groups, respectively. Data
were collected in a data collection form, using hospital records and interviews with mothers. For
data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests including t-test and Chi-square were carried out,
using SPSS version 15. Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups
in terms of labor and delivery complications; although three cases of complications during the
second stage of labor and four cases of hospitalizations at birth were reported in the control
group. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of hospitalization for the reason
of neonatal period complications. Regarding maternal complications, there was a significant
difference in the rate of episiotomy between the two groups (P=0.032). Postpartum hemorrhage
was mostly observed in the control group, although the difference was not significant.
Conclusion: In this study, no significant difference was observed in terms of maternal or
neonatal complications between the two groups. Therefore, it seems that water birth is a safe
method, associated with improved pregnancy outcomes.

12. The Relationship between Levels of Lipids and

Lipoprotein B- 100 in Maternal Serum and Umbilical
Cord Serum and Assessing Their Effects on Newborn
Infants Anthropometric Indices
Ashraf Ghiasi (MSc)1*, Saeideh Ziaei (MD)2, Soghrat Faghihzadeh (PhD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between lipid and
apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) levels in maternal and umbilical cord sera as well as the
effects of these components on anthropometric measurements of newborn infants. Methods: This
correlational study was performed on 85 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns and
their mothers. For analysis, 5 ml of maternal blood and 5 ml of umbilical venous cord blood
were obtained during labor and immediately after delivery, respectively. Sera were separated by
centrifugation and analyzed on the same day for estimation of lipid profile including total
cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B-100. Also, anthropometric indices of
newborn infants were measured and recorded. Pearsons correlation coefficient was used to
determine the relationship between variables. Results: There was a positive correlation between
maternal and neonatal serum TC levels (r=0.23, P=0.042). Maternal LDL-C level was positively
correlated with neonatal HDL-C (r=0.24, P=0.035), TC (r=0.29, P=0.01), and apolipoprotein B-
100 levels (r=0.25, P=0.031). A significant positive correlation was observed between maternal
apolipoprotein B-100 level and neonatal TC (r=0.26, P=0.019), HDL-C (r=0.23, P=0.043), and
apolipoprotein B-100 levels (r=0.24, P=0.038). Maternal TG level was positively correlated with
neonatal crown-heel length (r=0.27, P=0.018) and birth weight (r=0.23, P=0.039). However,
maternal HDL-C level was negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight (r=-0.29, P=0.01)
and chest circumference (r=-0.27, P=0.019). A significant negative correlation was found
between cord blood TG level and newborns head circumference (r=- 0.23 P=0.046).
Conclusion: Maternal lipid profile can affect neonatal lipid level and anthropometric
measurements

13. Maternal Anxiety and Attention Deficit

Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children
Roohallah Mirzaaghasi (MSc)1, Yegane Kohani (MSc)2, Hasan Baniasadi (PhD)3, Fateme Tara
(MD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: According to the previous studies, anxiety along with some other psychiatric
disorders is common among mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). Since maternal anxiety affects mother-child interactions, early treatment plays an
important role in the prognosis of ADHD in children. This study aimed to determine the
relationship between maternal anxiety and hyperactivity in children. Methods: This study was
conducted on 112 mothers of ADHD children (aged 6-12 years), selected via convenience
sampling from October to December 2012. The subjects lived in districts 2 and 6 of Tehran and
were referred to consultation centers. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) and
Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAPIV) questionnaires were completed by the subjects.
Pearsons correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of the relationship between variables.
Results: A positive correlation was found between maternal anxiety and childrens hyperactivity
(P=0.05). In fact, high levels of maternal anxiety are accounted for various child-rearing
problems such as childrens hyperactivity. Conclusion: High levels of maternal anxiety lead to
child rearing problems, which in turn cause various disorders such as
hyperactivity in children.

14. Religious Beliefs and Fertility Preferences

among Engaged Couples, Referring to Premarital
Counseling Centers of Mashhad, Iran
Talat Khadivzade (PhD)1, Elham Arghavani (MSc)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Considering the lack of information regarding the effects of religion on
young couples fertility preferences, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between
religious beliefs and fertility preferences among engaged couples in Mashhad, Iran, in 2013.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 engaged couples, referring to
premarital counseling clinics at healthcare centers of Mashhad. Convenience sampling was
applied and data were collected using Millers Fertility Preferences and Childbearing
Questionnaires (1995), Khodayari's Religious Attitude Questionnaire, and a demographic
questionnaire; all four questionnaires were completed by the participants. Spearman's
correlation, Chisquare test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.
The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results: Scores of religious beliefs were low,
moderate, and high among 5.7%, 62.1%, and 32.2% of the couples, respectively. Childbearing
desires (P0.001), ideal number of children (P0.001), and birth interval (P0.001) showed
significant differences in groups with low, moderate, and high scores of religious beliefs. The
mean number of children desired by the groups with low, moderate, and high religious belief
scores was 2.241.49, 2.210.87, and 2.691.37, respectively. In total, 42.2% of the participants
were moderately affected by religious beliefs. Conclusion: Fertility motivations and the ideal
number of children were higher among individuals with stronger religious beliefs; however, even
among these religious people, fertility preferences were not favorable, compared to figures
recommended by reproductive health policymakers. These findings can contribute to the
improvement of reproductive indices and fertility reforms towards higher fertility rate in the
country.

15. The Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude

and Tendency to Care of HIV/AIDS Patients among
Nurses and Midwives, Working in General Hospitals
and Health Care Centers of Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, 2013
Farzin Khorvash (MD)1, Soheila Mohamadirizi (MSc) 2, Behrouz Ataiee (MD)3, Nafiseh
Khayamim (MSc) 4, Zahra Boroumandfar (MS)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Knowledge and attitude of the nurses and midwives towards HIV/AIDS
patients could affect the quality of care provision. Thus, this study aimed to determine the
relationship between knowledge, attitude, and tendency of nurses and midwives towards caring
for HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 nurses and
midwives at healthcare centers, affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, using
stratified sampling in 2013. All participants completed a four-section questionnaire including
demographic data, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitude towards HIV/AIDS, and tendency to
care for HIV/AIDS patients. For data analysis, Pearsons correlation coefficient, t-test, and one-
way ANOVA were performed, using SPSS version 16. Results: As to the findings, 57% of the
participants had insufficient knowledge, 98% had negative attitudes, and 86% had a moderate
tendency to care for HIV/AIDS patients. A negative correlation was seen between HIV
knowledge and attitude towards HIV patients (P=0.042, r=-0.58). Also a significant relationship
was observed between attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and tendency to provide care for these
patients (P=0.011, r=0.78). Conclusion: As the knowledge, attitude, and tendency to care for
HIV/AIDS patients were not desirable among nurses and midwives, it is recommended that
comprehensive courses be organized in order to change caregivers knowledge, attitudes, and
tendencies towards care provision for HIV/AIDS patients.

16. Maternal Anxiety and Attention Deficit

Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children
Roohallah Mirzaaghasi (MSc)1, Yegane Kohani (MSc)2, Hasan Baniasadi (PhD)3, Fateme Tara (MD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: According to the previous studies, anxiety along with some other psychiatric
disorders is common among mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). Since maternal anxiety affects mother-child interactions, early treatment plays an
important role in the prognosis of ADHD in children. This study aimed to determine the
relationship between maternal anxiety and hyperactivity in children. Methods: This study was
conducted on 112 mothers of ADHD children (aged 6-12 years), selected via convenience
sampling from October to December 2012. The subjects lived in districts 2 and 6 of Tehran and
were referred to consultation centers. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) and
Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAPIV) questionnaires were completed by the subjects.
Pearsons correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of the relationship between variables.
Results: A positive correlation was found between maternal anxiety and childrens hyperactivity
(P=0.05). In fact, high levels of maternal anxiety are accounted for various child-rearing
problems such as childrens hyperactivity. Conclusion: High levels of maternal anxiety lead to
child rearing problems, which in turn cause various disorders such as hyperactivity in children.

17. Religious Beliefs and Fertility Preferences

among Engaged Couples, Referring to Premarital
Counseling Centers of Mashhad, Iran
Talat Khadivzade (PhD)1, Elham Arghavani (MSc)

ABSTRAC

Background & aim: Considering the lack of information regarding the effects of religion on
young couples fertility preferences, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between
religious beliefs and fertility preferences among engaged couples in Mashhad, Iran, in 2013.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 engaged couples, referring to
premarital counseling clinics at healthcare centers of Mashhad. Convenience sampling was
applied and data were collected using Millers Fertility Preferences and Childbearing
Questionnaires (1995), Khodayari's Religious Attitude Questionnaire, and a demographic
questionnaire; all four questionnaires were completed by the participants. Spearman's
correlation, Chisquare test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.
The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results: Scores of religious beliefs were low,
moderate, and high among 5.7%, 62.1%, and 32.2% of the couples, respectively. Childbearing
desires (P0.001), ideal number of children (P0.001), and birth interval (P0.001) showed
significant differences in groups with low, moderate, and high scores of religious beliefs. The
mean number of children desired by the groups with low, moderate, and high religious belief
scores was 2.241.49, 2.210.87, and 2.691.37, respectively. In total, 42.2% of the participants
were moderately affected by religious beliefs. Conclusion: Fertility motivations and the ideal
number of children were higher among individuals with stronger religious beliefs; however, even
among these religious people, fertility preferences were not favorable, compared to figures
recommended by reproductive health policymakers. These findings can contribute to the
improvement of reproductive indices and fertility reforms towards higher fertility rate in the
country.

18. Comparing Two Treatment Methods of Vitamin

E Suppository and Conjugated Estrogen Vaginal
Cream on the Quality of Life in Menopausal Women
with Vaginal Atrophy
Aazam Parnan Emamverdikhan(MSc)1, Nahid Golmakani (MSc)2*, Noorieh SharifiSistani (PhD)3,
Mohammad Taghi Shakeri (PhD)4, Malihe Hasanzade Mofrad(MD)5, Abolghasem Sajadi Tabassi (PhD)

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Menopause is one of the most critical stages in a womans life. Special
attention needs to be paid to the quality of life of menopausal women. Symptoms of
genitourinary atrophy can affect womens comfort and quality of life. The aim of this study was
to compare two treatment methods of vitamin E suppository and conjugated estrogens vaginal
cream on the quality of life of menopausal women with vaginal atrophy. Methods: This clinical
trial was performed on 52 menopausal women (40-65 years old), referring to the gynecology
clinic of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Women were randomly assigned to two
groups to use either conjugated estrogens vaginal cream or vitamin E suppository for 12 weeks.
Womens quality of life was measured in both groups before the study and 4, 8 and 12 weeks
after the interventions. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and
Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. Fishers exact test, repeated
measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and t-test were performed to analyze data, using SPSS
version 11.5. Results: The mean scores of quality of life before intervention and after 4, 8 and 12
weeks of therapy were 70.0326.34, 53.9623.75, 43.0320.62 and 3318.26 in vitamin E
suppository group, respectively. These values in the estrogen cream group were 6427.83,
50.7621.51, 37.2320.96 and 29.5318.65, respectively. Comparison of quality of life scores
between the two groups did not show a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion:
The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the effectiveness of two methods of
therapy. Therefore, it seems that vitamin E suppository could be used as an effective method for
the improvement of quality of life in patients with vaginal atrophy

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN DAN KEBIDANAN

19. Expert midwives experiences of security in

their professional practice: Im the captain of a
jet

ABSTRAC

Obstetric units have become larger, with patients being knowledgeable and demanding.
Also, established team works at maternity wards require that midwives are secure in
their role. A descriptive study with a phenomenological approach was used. A maternity
unit in a hospital located in Western Sweden was chosen. Five expert midwives with
vast experience of obstetric care who worked in a maternity unit were interviewed. Data
were collected by audio-taped interviews. The data were analysed by means of Giorgis
phenomenological method. The results showed that security was constituted by an
inherent sense of security as well as confidence in self and in life. Education and
practical group training in the workplace provided theoretical knowledge and practical
experience. Support for others in the working team and open communication also
constituted security. Also, clear leadership, guidelines and routines provided a
framework and had a positive effect on expert midwives sense of security. When
security was absent, midwife became worried, the joy and harmony diminished. In order
to ensure midwife security and ultimately safe patient care, it was important to allow
time for rest, to reflect on and evaluate their work. Expert midwives can create the
prerequisites for their professional security. Several constituents combine to shape
midwives sense of professional security; an inherent sense of security, own knowledge
and experience, team collaboration, visible and clear leadership.
Key words: Expert clinicians, midwifery, phenomenology, professional practice, safety
and qualitative studies.

20. Pengalaman bidan ahli 'keamanan dalam praktek

profesional mereka: Aku kapten jet
ABSTRAC
Unit kebidanan telah menjadi lebih besar, dengan pasien yang berpengetahuan dan menuntut.
Juga, didirikan karya tim di bangsal bersalin mengharuskan bidan aman dalam peran mereka.
Sebuah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis digunakan. Sebuah unit bersalin
di rumah sakit yang terletak di Western Swedia dipilih. Lima bidan ahli dengan pengalaman
yang luas dari perawatan obstetrik yang bekerja di unit bersalin diwawancarai. Data
dikumpulkan dengan wawancara audio direkam. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode
fenomenologis Giorgi ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keamanan didasari oleh rasa
melekat keamanan serta kepercayaan diri dan kehidupan. Pendidikan dan pelatihan kelompok
praktis di tempat kerja memberikan pengetahuan teoritis dan pengalaman praktis. Dukungan
untuk orang lain di tim kerja dan komunikasi terbuka juga merupakan keamanan. Juga,
kepemimpinan yang jelas, pedoman dan rutinitas memberikan kerangka dan memiliki efek
positif pada rasa ahli bidan keamanan. Ketika keamanan tidak hadir, bidan menjadi khawatir,
sukacita dan harmoni berkurang. Dalam rangka untuk memastikan keamanan bidan dan
perawatan pasien akhirnya aman, itu penting untuk memberikan waktu untuk istirahat, untuk
merenungkan dan mengevaluasi pekerjaan mereka. bidan ahli dapat menciptakan prasyarat untuk
keamanan profesional mereka. Beberapa konstituen menggabungkan untuk membentuk rasa
bidan dari keamanan profesional; rasa melekat keamanan, pengetahuan sendiri dan pengalaman,
kolaborasi tim, terlihat dan kepemimpinan yang jelas.

Kata kunci: dokter Ahli, kebidanan, fenomenologi, praktek profesional, keselamatan dan
studi kualitatif.
 21. Spontaneous abortion among women admitted
into gynaecology wards of three selected hospitals in
Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract

Article Metrics Full-Text PDF

Abortion is considered not only a major reproductive health matter, but also as a health
risk factor for mothers well-being which also threaten mothers lives and comfort. This
study seeks to assess the incidence of abortion with particular reference to factors
responsible for spontaneous abortion among women admitted into gynaecology wards
of three selected hospitals in Maiduguri, Borno State, from January to June, 2012. This
study involved 126 women admitted into gynaecology wards of University of Maiduguri
Teaching Hospital (UMTH), State Specialist Hospital and Nursing Home in Maiduguri,
Borno State from January to June, 2012, respectively. Data were collected using
questionnaire items that comprised open and close-ended questions items. Women
who were illiterate were interviewed during their hospitalization period and their records
were also used for more data. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution
count. The study shows that of 126 women, 65 (51.6%) were between the ages of 31 to
40 years, the Gravida status of women that presented more were Gravida 3 to 4
(40.5%) with 51 women. On the causes of present abortion, maternal causes presented
more with about 26 (20.6%) of the women. On the management of spontaneous
abortion, it is managed expectantly, medically (use of prostaglandin and uterotonic
drugs) and surgically by the use of manual vacuum aspiration and dilation and curettage
were found to be in us. Based on the information obtained from the study, it was
recommended that efforts should be concentrated on providing quality services for the
management of post abortion complications.
Key words: Abortion, spontaneous abortion, recurrent spontaneous abortion.
 22. Aborsi spontan pada wanita mengakui ke
bangsal ginekologi dari tiga rumah sakit yang
dipilih di Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstrak
Aborsi dianggap tidak hanya masalah kesehatan reproduksi utama, tetapi juga sebagai
faktor risiko kesehatan bagi ibu kesejahteraan yang juga mengancam kehidupan ibu dan
kenyamanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kejadian aborsi dengan referensi khusus
untuk faktor yang bertanggung jawab untuk aborsi spontan di kalangan wanita mengakui ke
bangsal ginekologi dari tiga rumah sakit yang dipilih di Maiduguri, Borno Negara, dari
Januari sampai Juni 2012. Penelitian ini melibatkan 126 wanita mengakui ke bangsal
ginekologi dari Rumah Sakit Universitas Maiduguri Pengajaran (UMTH), Rumah Sakit
Spesialis dan Nursing Home di Maiduguri, Borno Negara Januari-Juni 2012, masing-masing.
Data dikumpulkan menggunakan item kuesioner yang terdiri membuka dan menutup-
berakhir pertanyaan item. Wanita yang buta huruf diwawancarai selama periode rawat inap
dan catatan mereka juga digunakan untuk data yang lebih. Data dianalisis dengan
menggunakan hitungan distribusi frekuensi. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 126 wanita,
65 (51,6%) berusia antara 31 sampai 40 tahun, status Gravida perempuan yang disajikan
lebih yang Gravida 3 sampai 4 (40,5%) dengan 51 wanita. Tentang penyebab aborsi ini,
penyebab ibu disajikan lebih dengan sekitar 26 (20,6%) dari wanita. Pada manajemen aborsi
spontan, dikelola harap, medis (penggunaan prostaglandin dan obat-obatan uterotonika) dan
operasi dengan menggunakan aspirasi vakum manual dan dilatasi dan kuretase yang
ditemukan di dalam kita. Berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini,
direkomendasikan bahwa upaya harus berkonsentrasi pada penyediaan layanan yang
berkualitas untuk pengelolaan komplikasi pasca aborsi.
Kata kunci: Aborsi, aborsi spontan, abortus spontan berulang.
 23. Women's Satisfaction With Hospital-Based
Intrapartum Care: A Jordanian Study

Abstract

Exploring patient satisfaction can contribute to quality maternity care but is not routinely
conducted in many Middle Eastern countries. This study investigated the prevalence and factors
associated with satisfaction during labor and birth among Jordanian women using a descriptive
cross-sectional design. Women (n=298) were recruited from four maternal and child health
centers in Al-Mafraq city, Jordan. Participants completed an intrapartum care scale which
measured satisfaction with three areas of care: interpersonal, information and involvement in
decision making, and physical environment. Overall, only 17.8% of women were satisfied with
intrapartum care. Around 13% of women were satisfied with interpersonal care, 20.5% with
information and involvement in decision making, and 18.8% with physical birth environment.
Regression analyses revealed that low satisfaction was associated with experiencing an
episiotomy, poor pain relief during labour, and vaginal birth. Health care professionals, policy-
makers as well as hospital administrators need to consider the factors that contribute to low
satisfaction with childbirth in any effort to improve care.

Key words: Labour, birth, Jordan, maternity care, midwife, patient satisfaction.
 24. Kepuasan perempuan Dengan intrapartum
Perawatan Rumah Sakit Berbasis: A Study
Yordania
Abstrak
Menjelajahi kepuasan pasien dapat berkontribusi untuk perawatan bersalin kualitas tetapi tidak
rutin dilakukan di banyak negara Timur Tengah. Penelitian ini menyelidiki prevalensi dan faktor
yang terkait dengan kepuasan selama persalinan dan kelahiran di kalangan wanita Yordania
menggunakan desain deskriptif cross-sectional. Perempuan (n = 298) direkrut dari empat pusat
kesehatan ibu dan anak di kota Al-Mafraq, Yordania. Peserta menyelesaikan skala perawatan
intrapartum yang diukur kepuasan dengan tiga bidang perawatan: interpersonal, informasi dan
keterlibatan dalam pengambilan keputusan, dan lingkungan fisik. Secara keseluruhan, hanya
17,8% wanita merasa puas dengan perawatan intrapartum. Sekitar 13% wanita merasa puas
dengan pelayanan interpersonal, 20,5% dengan informasi dan keterlibatan dalam pengambilan
keputusan, dan 18,8% dengan lingkungan kelahiran fisik. analisis regresi mengungkapkan bahwa
kepuasan rendah dikaitkan dengan mengalami episiotomi, nyeri miskin selama persalinan, dan
kelahiran vagina. profesional perawatan kesehatan, pembuat kebijakan serta administrator rumah
sakit perlu mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kepuasan rendah
dengan melahirkan dalam setiap upaya untuk meningkatkan perawatan.

Kata kunci: Buruh, kelahiran, Jordan, perawatan bersalin, bidan, kepuasan pasien.
 25. Quality issues in midwifery: A critical
analysis of midwifery in Nigeria within the
context of the International Confederation of
Midwives (ICM) global standards

Abstract

Article Metrics Full-Text PDF

Advances in health care system are a challenge to the professional midwife in the quality of
midwifery workforce. The three pillars of quality midwifery workforce need to meet the
changing health needs of both the rural and modern highly industrialized society. Insisting on the
traditional ways of doing things in midwifery seems inadequate in meeting these challenges.
New and creative approaches are needed if midwifery as a prominent profession in health care
delivery will professionally remain competitive and contribute effectively and maximally to the
demands of nations health care services. Midwife leaders will be taking a step in the right
direction in fostering the climate that promotes creativity in midwifery. Midwifery in Nigeria had
witnessed many changes, given the challenges of a low/poor resource setting. This paper
attempts a discourse on issues affecting midwifery as a profession using the International
Confederation of Midwives (ICM) global standards.

Key words: Quality issues, midwifery, International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) global
standards.
 26. Kualitas isu-isu dalam kebidanan: Sebuah
analisis kritis kebidanan di Nigeria dalam
konteks Konfederasi Internasional Bidan (ICM)
standar global

Abstrak
Kemajuan dalam sistem perawatan kesehatan adalah tantangan untuk bidan profesional dalam
kualitas kebidanan tenaga kerja. Tiga pilar kualitas kebidanan tenaga kerja perlu untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan perubahan baik dari masyarakat industri maju pedesaan dan
modern. Bersikeras pada cara-cara tradisional dalam melakukan sesuatu di kebidanan tampaknya
tidak memadai dalam memenuhi tantangan ini. Baru dan kreatif pendekatan yang diperlukan jika
kebidanan sebagai profesi terkemuka di pelayanan kesehatan profesional akan tetap kompetitif
dan memberikan kontribusi secara efektif dan maksimal untuk tuntutan pelayanan kesehatan
bangsa. pemimpin bidan akan mengambil langkah ke arah yang benar dalam membina iklim
yang mempromosikan kreativitas dalam kebidanan. Kebidanan di Nigeria telah menyaksikan
banyak perubahan, mengingat tantangan dari pengaturan sumber daya yang rendah / miskin.
Tulisan ini mencoba wacana tentang isu-isu yang mempengaruhi bidan sebagai profesi
menggunakan International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) standar global.

Kata kunci: Kualitas masalah, kebidanan, Konfederasi Internasional Bidan (ICM) standar globa
 27. Penilaian Of Dewasa Pasien 'Kepuasan Dan
Associated Faktor Dengan Perawatan Di Rumah
Sakit Singa Hitam, Ethiopia; Kelembagaan
Berbasis Cross Sectional Study 2012

Abstrak

Kepuasan pasien telah digunakan sebagai indikator untuk mengukur kualitas pelayanan
kesehatan yang diberikan oleh perawat. Selain itu, kepuasan pasien adalah salah satu validator
akhir dari efektivitas dan kualitas pelayanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai
kepuasan pasien rawat inap dewasa dan faktor terkait asuhan keperawatan di Black Rumah Sakit
Khusus Singa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Sebuah studi cross sectional berdasarkan kelembagaan
dilakukan pada total 374 pasien dewasa dirawat medis, bedah dan Ginekologi bangsal di rumah
sakit Black Lion. Alat pengumpulan data dimodifikasi dari Newcastle Kepuasan dengan Skala
Keperawatan (NSNS). teknik simple random sampling digunakan. Data dimasukkan ke Info EPI
versi 3.5.1 dan diekspor ke SPSS versi 16.0 untuk pembersihan dan analisis. distribusi frekuensi,
biner dan regresi logistik ganda dilakukan. OR dan interval kepercayaan 95% dihitung. Rata-rata
mean (SD) kepuasan adalah 3,93 (0,88). Peserta Gyn / bangsal Obs memiliki kepuasan yang
lebih baik (berarti = 4,02; SD = 0,76) dengan asuhan keperawatan bila dibandingkan dengan
peserta di bangsal medis dan bedah. Di antara semua responden perempuan memiliki tingkat
"Moderat dan tinggi" kepuasan (95%) dibandingkan laki-laki (86,21%). Menjadi perempuan
(3,78 (1,35, 10,56)), Usia> 50 tahun (0,36 (0,14, 0,93), tidak pernah pasien menikah (2,74
(1.07,7.03)) dan mengakui di Medis atau Gyn / Obs dan jumlah malam dihabiskan di bangsal
yang ditemukan prediktor independen dari kepuasan pasien. karena kepuasan pasien secara
keseluruhan adalah 90,1% dalam penelitian ini, rumah sakit bisa menjadi model bagi rumah sakit
lainnya.
Kata kunci: kepuasan pasien ', perawatan, medis, bedah dan Gyn / Obs, dan pasien rawat inap.
 28. Assessment Of Adult Patients Satisfaction
And Associated Factors With Nursing Care In
Black Lion Hospital, Ethiopia; Institutional Based
Cross Sectional Study, 2012

Abstract

Patient satisfaction has been used as an indicator to measure the quality of health care provided
by nurses. Moreover, patient satisfaction is one of the ultimate validators of effectiveness and
quality of care. The purpose of this study was to assess adult inpatient satisfaction and associated
factors of nursing care in Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An
institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 374 adult patients admitted
to Medical, Surgical and Gynecologic wards in Black Lion hospital. The data collection tool was
modified from Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS). Simple random sampling
technique was used. Data were entered into EPI info version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version
16.0 for cleaning and analysis. Frequencies distribution, binary and multiple logistic regression
were done. OR and 95% confidence interval was computed. The average mean (SD) of
satisfaction was 3.93 (0.88). Participants in Gyn/Obs wards had a better satisfaction (mean=
4.02; SD=0.76) with nursing care when compared with participants in medical and surgical ward.
Among all respondents females had Moderate and High level of satisfaction (95%) than males
(86.21%). Being female (3.78 (1.35, 10.56)), Age>50 years (0.36(0.14, 0.93), never married
patients (2.74(1.07,7.03)) and admitted in Medical or Gyn/Obs and number of nights spent in the
ward were found to be independent predictors of patients satisfaction. Since the overall patient
satisfaction was 90.1% in this study, the hospital could be a model for other hospitals.

Key words: Patients satisfaction, nursing care, medical, surgical and Gyn/Obs, and inpatients.
 29. Tantangan sosial ekonomi orang tua dari
anak-anak dengan gangguan neurologis:
Sebuah studi berbasis rumah sakit di North
West Nigeria
Abstrak

Orang tua dari anak-anak dengan gangguan neurologis menghadapi beberapa tantangan sosial-
ekonomi di mengasuh mereka. Pengalaman dari orang tua di daerah penelitian belum
dieksplorasi. Penelitian cross-sectional deskriptif ini dirancang untuk menyelidiki tantangan
sosial ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh orang tua dari anak-anak dengan disfungsi neurologis.
Pediatri Neurology Klinik Rawat Jalan, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika,
Zaria, Kaduna Negara, North-West Nigeria, lembaga kesehatan tersier digunakan. Contoh
kenyamanan 60 orang tua diperoleh, dari siapa data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur
pewawancara dikelola dan wawancara mendalam pada sembilan dari orang tua. Enam puluh satu
anak-anak yang terkena dampak (orang tua memiliki 2). cerebral palsy (50,8%) dan gangguan
kejang (39,4%) adalah gangguan yang paling umum ditemukan. Sebuah usia rata-rata 5 tahun
diidentifikasi. Laki-laki (55%) dan yang pertama lahir anak (44,3%) lebih terpengaruh. Penyebab
dirasakan diidentifikasi adalah infeksi / penyakit anak-anak (65%), asfiksia (23,3%), dan partus
lama (18,3%). Tantangan sosial-ekonomi utama yang kehidupan sosial miskin dan status
ekonomi terhambat. Orang tua sendiri yang dirampas kehidupan sosial normal mereka. Orang tua
dari anak-anak dengan masalah neurologis ditemukan telah menghadapi banyak tantangan sosial-
ekonomi yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kehidupan kedua anak-anak yang terkena
dampak dan saudara lainnya. Ada status sosial-ekonomi orangtua miskin mempersulit tantangan
ini. status ekonomi mereka dan pengejaran dari pendapatan keluarga terhambat, ditambah
dengan tingginya biaya pengelolaan anak-anak yang terkena dampak. kelompok dukungan sosial
bagi orang tua dan anak-anak yang terkena dampak harus didorong oleh badan-badan
profesional, organisasi pemerintah dan non-pemerintah untuk meningkatkan hubungan sosial,
sambil memastikan cakupan asuransi kesehatan bagi anak-anak ini untuk mengurangi beban
ekonomi orang tua mereka dan meningkatkan pemeliharaan status sehat anak-anak lain.

Kata kunci: tantangan ekonomi Socio, koping orangtua, defisit neurologis, anak-anak.
 30. Socio-economic challenges of parents of
children with neurological disorders: A hospital-
based study in North West Nigeria
Abstract

Parents of children with neurological disorders face several socio-economic challenges in

nurturing them. Experiences of parents in the study area have not been explored. This descriptive
cross-sectional study was designed to investigate socio-economic challenges faced by parents of
children with neurological dysfunctions. Paediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Ahmadu Bello
University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria, Kaduna State, North-West Nigeria, a tertiary health
institution was used. A convenience sample of 60 parents was obtained, from whom data were
collected through an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews
on nine of the parents. Sixty-one children were affected (a parent had 2). Cerebral palsy (50.8%)
and seizure disorders (39.4%) were the commonest disorders found. A mean age of 5 years was
identified. Male (55%) and the first-born children (44.3%) were more affected. Perceived causes
identified were infection/childhood disease (65%), asphyxia (23.3%), and prolonged labour
(18.3%). The major socio-economic challenges were poor social life and hampered economic
status. Parents were themselves deprived of their normal social lives. Parents of children with
neurologic problems were found to have faced a lot of socio-economic challenges that
significantly affects the lives of both the affected children and the other siblings. Existing
parental poor socio-economic status complicates these challenges. Their economic status and
pursuance of family income are hampered, coupled with the high cost of managing the affected
children. Social support groups for parents and the affected children should be encouraged by
professional bodies, government and non-governmental organizations to enhance social
relationships, while ensuring health insurance coverage for these children to reduce economic
burden on their parents and enhance maintenance of the healthy status of the other children.

Key words: Socio- economic challenges, parental coping, neurological deficit, children.

31. Apa yang membantu? Sebuah deskripsi

pengalaman dukungan di antara wanita
 primipara dengan takut melahirkan: Sebuah
studi wawancara
Abstrak
Takut melahirkan digambarkan sebagai masalah besar bagi banyak perempuan karena hal ini
memiliki efek negatif bagi para wanita dan bayi. profesional perawatan kesehatan harus mampu
menawarkan dukungan yang memadai yang bisa menjadi penting bagi wanita primipara
perempuan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan apa primipara
pengalaman perempuan sebagai dukungan dalam mengatasi ketakutan mereka melahirkan.
Sebuah kualitatif, pendekatan induktif digunakan. Data dikumpulkan di dua rumah sakit di Barat
Swedia. Lima wanita primipara dengan takut melahirkan dimasukkan setelah teknik purposive
sampling, snowball. Data dianalisis dengan analisis isi kualitatif. Temuan ini dijelaskan melalui
dukungan tema utama disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wanita individu dan dari tiga kategori: (1)
pentingnya menerima jaminan; (2) peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman dan; (3)
menggabungkan semua jenis dukungan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ketakutan
perempuan cepat bisa mengalihkan fokus dan dukungan individual sensitif terhadap pergeseran
ini penting untuk meningkatkan kapasitas koping wanita primipara ini. Dukungan harus
mencakup; jaminan, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman.

Kata kunci: pengalaman Perempuan, primipara, takut melahirkan, dukungan sosial, dukungan
profesional, kesehatan perempuan, peristiwa perubahan hidup.
 32. What helps? A description of experiences of
support among primiparous women with fear of
childbirth: An interview study

Abstract

Fear of childbirth is described as a major problem for many women as this has a
negative effect for both the women and the babies. Health care professionals need to
be able to offer these women adequate support which could be important for
primiparous women. The aim of this study was to describe what primiparous women
experience as support in coping with their fear of childbirth. A qualitative, inductive
approach was used. Data was collected at two hospitals in Southwestern Sweden. Five
primiparous women with fear of childbirth were included after a purposive, snowball
sampling technique. Data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Findings are
described through the main theme support adapted to the needs of the individual
woman and of three categories: (1) the importance of receiving reassurance; (2)
increased knowledge and understanding and; (3) combining all kinds of support. The
conclusion of this study is that womens fear could rapidly shift focus and individualized
support sensitive to these shifts was important to increase primiparous womens coping
capacity. Support should include; reassurance, improved knowledge and
understanding.

Key words: Women's experiences, primiparous, fear of childbirth, social support,

professional support, womens health, life change events.
 33. Efek psikologis dan pengalaman perempuan
menopause dalam masyarakat pedesaan di
wilayah Niger Delta Nigeria
Abstrak

Menopause adalah periode adaptasi fisiologis alami yang terjadi pada wanita ketika
nomor terbatas folikel ovarium yang habis karena tingkat penurunan hormon
reproduksi. penurunan kadar hormon reproduksi ini mungkin ringan dan hadir dengan
tidak ada gangguan yang jelas pada beberapa wanita sementara di lain, kesehatan
yang parah dan tak tertahankan dan tantangan psikologis dapat menuntut intervensi
medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efek psikologis dan tantangan
kesehatan gejala menopause pada wanita paruh baya di sebuah komunitas pedesaan
Nigeria. Memanfaatkan teknik random sampling, seratus dua puluh wanita paruh baya
(n = 120) umur 40 sampai 55 tahun direkrut untuk penelitian. Survei deskriptif
menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur setengah untuk mendapatkan data dari menyetujui
peserta. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perempuan mengalami berbagai tantangan
psikologis: 77 (64,2%) menyatakan perasaan sedih dan 68 (56,7%) merasa mudah
teriritasi. tantangan kesehatan yang hot flushes, keringat malam, kelelahan, libido
rendah, pusing, berat badan, periode menstruasi yang tidak teratur, arthritis dan
masalah jantung. Ada kebutuhan bagi perempuan untuk dididik sebelum periode dan
perawatan kesehatan ini penyedia harus berkomunikasi secara optimal, dukungan dan
memberdayakan wanita paruh baya melalui masa transisi.

Kata kunci: Menopause, transisi,, efek psikologis setengah baya, tantangan kesehatan.
 34. Psychological effects and experiences of
menopausal women in a rural community in
Niger Delta region of Nigeria
ABSTRAC

Menopause is a period of natural physiologic adaptation which occurs in women when

the finite numbers of ovarian follicles are depleted due to decreased levels of
reproductive hormones. This decrease in reproductive hormone levels may be mild and
present with no obvious disturbances in some women while in others, severe and
unbearable health and psychological challenges may demand medical intervention. This
study is aimed to explore the psychological effects and health challenges of
menopausal symptoms in middle aged women in a rural community of Nigeria. Utilizing
a random sampling technique, one hundred and twenty middle aged women (n=120)
age 40 to 55 years were recruited for the study. The descriptive survey used a semi
structured questionnaire to obtain data from consenting participants. Result shows that
women experience various psychological challenges: 77 (64.2%) expressed feelings of
sadness and 68 (56.7%) felt easily irritated. Health challenges were hot flushes, night
sweats, fatigue, low libido, dizziness, weight gain, irregular menstrual period, arthritis
and heart problems. There is need for women to be educated prior to this period and
health care providers should communicate optimally, support and empower middle-
aged women through this period of transition.

Key words: Menopause, transition, middle-aged, psychological effects, health

challenges.
 35. Prevalensi dan prediktor tongkat cedera
jarum di kalangan perawat di rumah sakit umum
dari Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia

Abstrak
Profesional kesehatan mungkin mengalami infeksi mikroorganisme sambil memberikan
perawatan kesehatan bagi pasien terutama berikut cedera tongkat perkutan jarum. Sekitar 3 juta
eksposur perkutan untuk darah ditanggung patogen terjadi setiap tahun antara petugas kesehatan
di seluruh dunia. Namun, untuk sejauh mana masalah ini terjadi di kalangan perawat di rumah
sakit umum dari Jimma Zona tidak diketahui. Sebuah studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada 211
perawat yang bekerja di rumah sakit umum dari Jimma Zona dari 20 sampai 30 Maret 2012.
Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner self-administered. Dari total 211 perawat, 83 (39,3%)
memiliki cedera akibat jarum suntik yang berkelanjutan dalam satu tahun terakhir. Kemungkinan
cedera jarum suntik yang 88% lebih kecil kemungkinannya antara perawat yang telah menerima
pelatihan pada cedera jarum suntik (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0,2, 95% CI = 0,1, 0,4). Risiko
cedera jarum suntik adalah 3 kali lebih tinggi pada perawat yang memiliki tingkat rendah
pengetahuan bila dibandingkan dengan perawat yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi
(AOR = 3,2, 95% CI = 1.6,6.5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah besar cedera
akibat jarum suntik terjadi antara perawat di rumah sakit dari zona Jimma.

Kata kunci: Prevalensi, prediktor, cedera tertusuk jarum, perawat, Jimma Zone.
 36. Prevalence and predictors of needle stick
injury among nurses in public hospitals of Jimma
Zone, South West Ethiopia

Abstract
Healthcare professionals may encounter infectious microorganisms while providing
health care for patients predominantly following percutaneous needle stick injuries.
Approximately 3 million percutaneous exposures to blood borne pathogens occur
annually among healthcare workers worldwide. However, to what extent does this
problem occur among nurses in public hospitals of Jimma Zone is not known. A cross-
sectional study was conducted on 211 nurses working in public hospitals of Jimma Zone
from 20 to 30 March, 2012. Data was collected through self-administered
questionnaires. Of the total 211 nurses, 83 (39.3%) had sustained needle-stick injuries
in the last one year. The odds of needle-stick injury were 88% less likely among nurses
who had received training on needle-stick injury (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.2, 95%
CI = 0.1, 0.4). The risk of a needle-stick injury was 3 times higher in nurses who had a
low level of knowledge when compared with nurses having a high level of knowledge
(AOR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.6,6.5). The study revealed that a significant amount of needle-
stick injuries occurs among nurses in hospitals of Jimma zone.

Key words: Prevalence, predictors, needle-stick injury, nurses, Jimma Zone.

Abstract Full-Text PDF Download Ebook
 37. Menangis bayi baru lahir: The kolik dan
refluks situasi di Selandia Baru seperti yang
digambarkan oleh kuesioner secara online
Abstrak
Kolik infantil adalah umum di kalangan bayi yang baru lahir dan biasanya didefinisikan
dalam hal serangan berulang dari tangisan terjadi beberapa hari dalam seminggu.
Tampaknya tidak ada penyebab universal untuk kolik dan tidak ada perilaku aneka,
perawatan diet dan farmasi yang bermanfaat dalam semua kasus. Penelitian ini
mengumpulkan data dari 154 Selandia Baru orang tua dengan kolik dan refluks bayi
dengan kuesioner online. bayi laki-laki dan perempuan diwakili sekitar sama dalam
sampel, dan responden terdiri dari orang tua yang makan payudara dan botol makan,
dan menganggap diri mereka menuntut atau pengumpan bayi rutin. Frekuensi
pemberian pakan berkisar 5-14 sesi per hari, dan ada yang lemah, tetapi signifikan,
hubungan antara frekuensi menangis serangan dan umpan harian. Hampir 90% dari
bayi yang baru lahir mulai perilaku kolik oleh usia satu bulan dan meskipun kolik sering
dianggap untuk menyelesaikan secara alami dengan 3 sampai 4 bulan, 24% dari anak-
anak itu tidak diselesaikan dengan 11 bulan. Intervensi Perilaku (misalnya,
bersendawa, pijat kranial; pijat bayi), produk alami (misalnya, teh herbal) dan solusi
atas meja (misalnya, air mengeluh; bubuk kolik) berhenti kolik benar-benar sangat
sedikit bayi (<3%), meskipun kebanyakan perawatan memperbaiki situasi untuk
beberapa anak-anak. obat resep (misalnya, ranitidine, omeprazole) yang dianggap lebih
efisien, dengan 23% dari orang tua menunjukkan bahwa perilaku kolik telah berhenti,
dan 82% menunjukkan perawatan ini membantu. Satu catatan yang menjadi perhatian
adalah bahwa lebih dari setengah dari orang tua yang telah memberikan resep obat-
obatan anak mereka telah meningkatkan dosis dari waktu ke waktu. Responden
menunjukkan bahwa kelas antenatal / kehamilan tidak memberikan pendidikan yang
memadai di topik-topik seperti bayi yang berkelok-kelok, kolik, refluks, dan pola tidur
yang tidak teratur pada bayi baru lahir. Hasil survei memperkuat kebutuhan untuk
pendidikan pra-natal tentang prevalensi perilaku yang menangis berlebihan pada bayi
dan yang intervensi bisa dicoba langsung.

Kata kunci: Ante-natal pendidikan, kolik, menangis, gastro-esofagus reflux, makan, obat
herbal, angin.
 38. Crying newborns: The colic and reflux
situation in New Zealand as depicted by online
questionnaire

Abstract
Infantile colic is prevalent among newborns and typically defined in terms of repeated
bouts of inconsolable crying occurring several days of the week. There appears no
universal cause for colic and none of the multifarious behavioural, dietary and
pharmaceutical treatments are of benefit in all cases. This study collected data from
154 New Zealand parents with colicky and reflux infants by online questionnaire. Male
and female infants were represented approximately equally in the sample, and
respondents consisted of parents who breast fed and bottle fed, and considered
themselves demand or routine baby feeders. Feeding frequency ranged from 5 to 14
sessions per day, and there was a weak, but significant, relationship between frequency
of crying bouts and daily feeds. Almost 90% of newborns had started colicky
behaviours by one month of age and although colic is often thought to settle naturally by
3 to 4 months, 24% of children had not resolved by 11 months. Behavioural
interventions (example, burping; cranial massage; baby massage), natural products
(example, herbal teas) and over the counter remedies (example, gripe water; colic
powders) stopped colic completely in very few infants (< 3%), although most treatments
improved the situation for some children. Prescription drugs (example, ranitidine;
omeprazole) were perceived to be more efficient, with 23% of parents indicating that
colicky behaviour had ceased, and 82% indicating these treatments were helpful. One
note of concern is that over half of the parents that had given their child prescription
medicines had increased the dosage over time. Respondents indicated that
antenatal/pregnancy classes did not provide adequate education in topics such as
winding babies, colic, reflux, and irregular sleeping patterns in newborns. The results of
the survey reinforce a need for pre-natal education about the prevalence of these
excessive crying behaviours in infants and which interventions could be attempted
immediately.
Key words: Ante-natal education, colic, crying, gastro-oesophageal reflux, feeding,
herbal remedies, wind.

39. Persepsi dan kemauan untuk berpartisipasi

dalam skema bidan layanan antara keperawatan
dan kebidanan mahasiswa di Barat Nigeria
Abstrak
Bidan Layanan Scheme (MSS) dilaksanakan untuk membalikkan tren miskin di
kematian ibu di Nigeria selama dekade terakhir. Namun, sedikit yang diketahui tentang
penerimaan skema antara keperawatan dan kebidanan siswa yang kunci untuk
memastikan keberhasilan program. Penelitian ini menilai kesadaran, pengetahuan,
persepsi dan kemauan untuk berpartisipasi dalam Bidan Layanan Skema di semua
sekolah keperawatan dan kebidanan di Oyo, Nigeria. Sebuah studi cross sectional dari
361 akhir tahun keperawatan dan kebidanan mahasiswa di Oyo, Nigeria dilakukan
melalui teknik total sampling. Semua siswa setuju direkrut untuk berpartisipasi. Semi-
terstruktur kuesioner self-administered dipekerjakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi
yang relevan. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan hubungan antara
karakteristik responden diuji menggunakan Chi-square pada tingkat signifikansi 5%.
Rata-rata usia responden adalah 24 + 4,3 tahun, 92,8% adalah perempuan, 87,0%
tunggal dan 83,4% Kristen. Kebanyakan posting dasar keperawatan dan kebidanan
karir disukai dilaporkan adalah universitas gelar keperawatan (43,4%) dan psikiatri
keperawatan (60,8%) masing-masing. Hanya 33,8% dari siswa perawat dan bidan
menyadari MSS di antaranya kurang dari setengah (48,4%) dengan benar
mengidentifikasi tujuan dari skema. Beberapa (24,7%) melaporkan kesediaan untuk
berpartisipasi dalam skema. Kesadaran akan adanya skema secara signifikan lebih
tinggi di antara bidan dibandingkan dengan perawat (X2 = 118,0; p <0,001) dan peserta
yang lebih tua dibandingkan dengan yang lebih muda (X2 = 11,3; p <0,001). proporsi
yang lebih tinggi dari bidan siswa (X2 = 99,5; p <0,001) dan peserta> 25 tahun (X2 =
14,18; p <0,001) secara bermakna lebih mungkin untuk berpartisipasi dalam skema
dibandingkan dengan rekan-rekan mereka masing-masing. Rendahnya tingkat
kesadaran dan kesediaan untuk berpartisipasi dalam skema antara siswa lulus di Barat
Nigeria menekankan perlunya ditingkatkan kampanye kesadaran untuk meningkatkan
penerimaan antara kelompok-kelompok ini yang merupakan pemangku kepentingan
vital dalam pelaksanaan yang efektif dan rezeki dari skema.

Kata kunci: Bidan Layanan Skema, perawat, bidan, angka kematian ibu.
 40. Perception and willingness to participate in
midwives service scheme amongst nursing and
midwifery students in Southwestern Nigeria
Abstract
The Midwives Service Scheme (MSS) was implemented to reverse the poor trends in
maternal mortality in Nigeria over the past decade. However, little is known about the
acceptance of the scheme amongst nursing and midwifery students who are key to
ensuring success of the program. The study assessed the awareness, knowledge,
perception and willingness to participate in the Midwives Service Scheme in all nursing
and midwifery schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study of 361 final year
nursing and midwifery students in Oyo State, Nigeria was conducted via total sampling
technique. All consenting students were recruited to participate. Semi-structured self-
administered questionnaires were employed to collect relevant information. Data was
analyzed with descriptive statistics and association between respondents
characteristics tested using Chi-square at 5% level of significance. Mean age of
respondents was 24+4.3 years, 92.8% were female, 87.0% single and 83.4%
Christians. Most preferred post basic nursing and midwifery careers reported were
university degree nursing (43.4%) and psychiatry nursing (60.8%) respectively. Only
33.8% of the student nurses and midwives were aware of MSS among whom less than
half (48.4%) correctly identified the objective of the scheme. Few (24.7%) reported a
willingness to participate in the scheme. Awareness of the existence of the scheme
was significantly higher amongst the midwives compared to the nurses (X2=118.0;
p<0.001) and in older participants compared to the younger ones (X2=11.3; p<0.001).
Higher proportion of student midwives (X2=99.5; p<0.001) and participants >25 years
(X2=14.18; p<0.001) were significantly more likely to participate in the scheme
compared to their respective counterparts. Low level of awareness and willingness to
participate in the scheme amongst graduating students in Southwestern Nigeria
emphasizes the need for scaled up awareness campaigns to boost acceptance among
these groups who are vital stakeholders in the effective implementation and sustenance
of the scheme.
Key words: Midwives Service Scheme, nurses, midwives, maternal mortality.

41. Menangis bayi baru lahir: The kolik dan refluks

situasi di Selandia Baru seperti yang digambarkan
oleh kuesioner secara online
Abstrak
kolik infantil adalah umum di kalangan bayi yang baru lahir dan biasanya didefinisikan
dalam hal serangan berulang dari tangisan terjadi beberapa hari dalam seminggu.
Tampaknya tidak ada penyebab universal untuk kolik dan tidak ada perilaku aneka,
perawatan diet dan farmasi yang bermanfaat dalam semua kasus. Penelitian ini
mengumpulkan data dari 154 Selandia Baru orang tua dengan kolik dan refluks bayi
dengan kuesioner online. bayi laki-laki dan perempuan diwakili sekitar sama dalam
sampel, dan responden terdiri dari orang tua yang makan payudara dan botol makan,
dan menganggap diri mereka menuntut atau pengumpan bayi rutin. Frekuensi
pemberian pakan berkisar 5-14 sesi per hari, dan ada yang lemah, tetapi signifikan,
hubungan antara frekuensi menangis serangan dan umpan harian. Hampir 90% dari
bayi yang baru lahir mulai perilaku kolik oleh usia satu bulan dan meskipun kolik sering
dianggap untuk menyelesaikan secara alami dengan 3 sampai 4 bulan, 24% dari anak-
anak itu tidak diselesaikan dengan 11 bulan. Intervensi Perilaku (misalnya,
bersendawa, pijat kranial; pijat bayi), produk alami (misalnya, teh herbal) dan solusi
atas meja (misalnya, air mengeluh; bubuk kolik) berhenti kolik benar-benar sangat
sedikit bayi (<3%), meskipun kebanyakan perawatan memperbaiki situasi untuk
beberapa anak-anak. obat resep (misalnya, ranitidine, omeprazole) yang dianggap lebih
efisien, dengan 23% dari orang tua menunjukkan bahwa perilaku kolik telah berhenti,
dan 82% menunjukkan perawatan ini membantu. Satu catatan yang menjadi perhatian
adalah bahwa lebih dari setengah dari orang tua yang telah memberikan resep obat-
obatan anak mereka telah meningkatkan dosis dari waktu ke waktu. Responden
menunjukkan bahwa kelas antenatal / kehamilan tidak memberikan pendidikan yang
memadai di topik-topik seperti bayi yang berkelok-kelok, kolik, refluks, dan pola tidur
yang tidak teratur pada bayi baru lahir. Hasil survei memperkuat kebutuhan untuk
pendidikan pra-natal tentang prevalensi perilaku yang menangis berlebihan pada bayi
dan yang intervensi bisa dicoba langsung.

Kata kunci: Ante-natal pendidikan, kolik, menangis, gastro-esofagus reflux, makan, obat
herbal, angin.
42. Crying newborns: The colic and reflux situation
in New Zealand as depicted by online questionnaire
Abstract
Infantile colic is prevalent among newborns and typically defined in terms of repeated
bouts of inconsolable crying occurring several days of the week. There appears no
universal cause for colic and none of the multifarious behavioural, dietary and
pharmaceutical treatments are of benefit in all cases. This study collected data from
154 New Zealand parents with colicky and reflux infants by online questionnaire. Male
and female infants were represented approximately equally in the sample, and
respondents consisted of parents who breast fed and bottle fed, and considered
themselves demand or routine baby feeders. Feeding frequency ranged from 5 to 14
sessions per day, and there was a weak, but significant, relationship between frequency
of crying bouts and daily feeds. Almost 90% of newborns had started colicky
behaviours by one month of age and although colic is often thought to settle naturally by
3 to 4 months, 24% of children had not resolved by 11 months. Behavioural
interventions (example, burping; cranial massage; baby massage), natural products
(example, herbal teas) and over the counter remedies (example, gripe water; colic
powders) stopped colic completely in very few infants (< 3%), although most treatments
improved the situation for some children. Prescription drugs (example, ranitidine;
omeprazole) were perceived to be more efficient, with 23% of parents indicating that
colicky behaviour had ceased, and 82% indicating these treatments were helpful. One
note of concern is that over half of the parents that had given their child prescription
medicines had increased the dosage over time. Respondents indicated that
antenatal/pregnancy classes did not provide adequate education in topics such as
winding babies, colic, reflux, and irregular sleeping patterns in newborns. The results of
the survey reinforce a need for pre-natal education about the prevalence of these
excessive crying behaviours in infants and which interventions could be attempted
immediately.
Key words: Ante-natal education, colic, crying, gastro-oesophageal reflux, feeding,
herbal remedies, wind.

43. Validasi ibu bidan peduli dalam pengelolaan

nyeri persalinan di Negara Bagian Plateau, Nigeria
Abstrak
Salah satu penentu utama dari kepuasan ibu dalam persalinan adalah nyeri yang
memadai atau lebih tepatnya wanita mampu mengatasi rasa sakit. Karena bidan adalah
penyedia layanan kesehatan utama menghadiri untuk perempuan dalam tenaga kerja,
penelitian ini dieksplorasi validasi perempuan dari perawatan bidan menyediakan dalam
manajemen nyeri persalinan di negara bagian Plateau Nigeria menggunakan sectional
deskriptif lintas. Perempuan (n = 126) direkrut dari sebuah rumah sakit di kota Jos,
Plateau State. Peserta menyelesaikan "Persepsi Klien Skala Caring" dan setelah itu
diwawancarai menggunakan wawancara terstruktur, sehari setelah pengiriman mereka;
semua ini adalah untuk perempuan untuk memvalidasi perawatan yang diberikan untuk
mengelola nyeri persalinan oleh bidan. Rata-rata usia peserta adalah 28 tahun dengan
Standar Deviasi = 5.6. Sebagian besar peserta yaitu, 125 (99,2%) sudah menikah, 116
(92,1%) adalah orang Kristen sementara 67 (53,2%) adalah multigravida. Temuan
menunjukkan bahwa hanya 71 (56,3%) dari wanita memberi skor rata-rata ke bidan, 28
(22,2%) mengatakan perawat benar-benar memberi mereka mendengarkan telinga dan
meyakinkan mereka bahwa semua akan baik dan 33 (26,2%) mengatakan intervensi
yang sangat efektif dalam membantu mereka mengatasi tenaga kerja. Analisis regresi
linier mengungkapkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang dipilih
demografi (usia, paritas dan Etnis) dan hasil dari perawatan yang diberikan oleh bidan.
Perempuan divalidasi manajemen mereka dari nyeri persalinan oleh bidan untuk
menjadi rata-rata tersebut maka pelatihan dan pelatihan ulang bidan di bidang
manajemen nyeri persalinan adalah penting dan administrator rumah sakit harus
mempekerjakan lebih banyak bidan ke bangsal tenaga kerja sehingga satu-satu
dukungan didorong sehingga meningkatkan kepuasan keseluruhan tenaga kerja untuk
setiap wanita.

Kata kunci: Ibu, validasi, perawatan bidan, nyeri persalinan, manajemen.

 44. Mothers validation of midwives care in the
management of labour pain in Plateau State, Nigeria
ABSTRAC

One of the major determinants of maternal satisfaction in labour is adequate pain relief
or rather the woman being able to cope with the pain. Since midwives are the major
health care providers attending to women in labour, this study explored womens
validation of the care midwives provide in the management of labour pain in Plateau
state Nigeria using a descriptive cross sectional design. Women (n=126) were recruited
from a hospital in Jos city, Plateau State. Participants completed the Client Perception
of Caring Scale and thereafter were interviewed using a structured interview, a day
after their delivery; all these were for the women to validate the care given to manage
labour pain by the midwives. Mean age of participants was 28 years with a Standard
Deviation = 5.6. Majority of the participants that is, 125 (99.2%) are married, 116
(92.1%) are Christians while 67 (53.2%) are multigravid. Findings showed that only
71(56.3%) of the women gave an average score to the midwives, 28 (22.2%) said the
nurses really gave them listening ears and reassured them that all will be well and 33
(26.2%) said the interventions were very effective in helping them cope with the labour.
Linear regression analyses revealed that there is no association between selected
demographic factors (Age, Parity and Ethnicity) and outcome of care given by midwife.
Women validated their management of labour pain by midwives to be on the average
hence training and retraining of midwives in the area of labour pain management is
essential and hospital administrators must employ more midwives into the labour wards
so that one on one support is encouraged hence improving the overall satisfaction of
labour for any woman.
Key words: Mothers, validation, midwives care, labour pain, management.
 45. Alasan meningkatnya tren tahun tingkat operasi
caesar demi tahun. Sebuah studi retrospektif
ABSTRAC

operasi caesar merupakan prosedur pembedahan yang memungkinkan anak untuk

lahir melalui rahim sayatan. cesar adalah prosedur yang memberikan menyelesaikan
masalah seperti komplikasi ibu dan janin. Untuk mempelajari kejadian kelahiran sesar,
1982-2000 dengan 2011-2013 tahun dibandingkan untuk menentukan indikasi yang
berkontribusi terhadap kecenderungan meningkatnya jumlah sesar. Kami mempelajari
grafik klinis 2011-2013 dari departemen statistik dari Rumah Sakit Bersalin "Koco
Gliozheni" Tirana, Albania. Untuk analisis statistik, Paket statistik untuk Ilmu Sosial
(SPSS) 11.5 paket digunakan. Ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan nilai-nilai akan
disajikan dalam frekuensi dan persentase. Studi grafik klinis 2011-2013 mengakibatkan
tingkat rata-rata sesar sekitar 32,3%. Pada tahun 1982-1984, persentase kelahiran
sesar adalah sekitar 8,7%, sedangkan pada tahun 1999 sampai tahun 2000 persentase
kelahiran sesar adalah sekitar 21,7%. Indikasi yang paling penting dalam penelitian ini
yang telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan jumlah kelahiran sesar yang
preeklamsia (9,2%), penderitaan janin (13,9%), ketuban pecah dini (9,8%) dan indikasi
yang memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar di meningkatnya laju sesar adalah kelahiran
sesar sebelumnya (36,5%). Alasan yang paling sering untuk kelahiran caesar di pusat
di mana penelitian ini dilakukan selama bertahun-tahun Januari 2011 sampai Desember
2013 adalah: operasi caesar sebelumnya, preeklamsia, penderitaan janin. Jadi,
kelahiran sesar sebelumnya adalah faktor yang paling penting dalam membuat
keputusan tentang cara pengiriman, sementara pada tahun 1982 untuk tahun 1984
faktor penting adalah penderitaan janin. Sebelumnya sesar kelahiran dan kehamilan
multipel (karena meningkatnya jumlah in vitro fertilisasi) merupakan tren yang
berkembang. Namun, persentase yang tinggi ini kelahiran sesar di pusat kami adalah
tidak beralasan, sehingga dokter harus sangat berhati-hati ketika mereka memilih
pasien untuk operasi caesar. pemantauan hati-hati janin akan membantu dalam
mengurangi angka kelahiran sesar di rumah sakit kami.

Kata kunci: bedah caesar, komplikasi janin dan ibu, indikasi ibu, indikasi janin.
 46. The reasons of rising trend of cesarean section
rate year after year. A retrospective study
ABSTRAC

Cesarean section is a surgical procedure which allows the child to birth through uterus
incision. Cesarean birth is a procedure that gives resolve problems such as maternal
and fetal complications. To study the incidence of cesarean birth, 1982 to 2000 with
2011 to 2013 years were compared to determine indications that contribute to the trend
of the increasing number of cesarean deliveries. We studied the clinical charts of 2011
to 2013 from the statistic department of Maternity Hospital "Koo Gliozheni" Tiran,
Albania. For statistical analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 11.5
package was used. This is a descriptive study and values will be presented in frequency
and percentage. Study of clinical charts of 2011 to 2013 resulted in an average rate of
cesarean deliveries of approximately 32.3%. In the year 1982 to 1984, the percentage
of cesarean birth was approximately 8.7%, while in 1999 to 2000 the percentage of
cesarean birth was approximately 21.7%. Indications that are most important in this
study that have contributed to an increase in the number of cesarean births are
preeclampsia (9.2%), fetal suffering (13.9%), premature rupture of membranes (9.8%)
and the indication which has greater influence in the rising rate of cesarean delivery is
previous cesarean births (36.5%). The most frequent reasons for cesarean births in the
center where the study was conducted for years January, 2011 till December, 2013 are:
previous cesarean section, preeclampsia, fetal suffering. So, previous cesarean births
are the most important factor in making decisions about the way of delivery, while in
1982 to 1984 the important factor was fetal suffering. Previous cesarean birth and
multiple pregnancies (due to the increased number of in vitro fertilization) represent a
growing trend. However, this high percentage of cesarean births in our center is
unwarranted, so physicians should be very careful when they select patients for
cesarean section. Careful monitoring of the fetus will help in reducing cesarean birth
rate in our hospital.
Key words: Cesarean section, fetal and maternal complications, maternal indications,
fetal indications.

47. Kelangkaan literatur tentang hambatan

penyediaan asuhan keperawatan jiwa di Nigeria:
Temuan dari kajian literatur
Abstrak
Tinjauan literatur dilakukan untuk meninjau hambatan penyediaan asuhan keperawatan
jiwa di dunia. Pencarian literatur menyoroti kelangkaan literatur di Nigeria pada
hambatan penyediaan perawatan kejiwaan, menyoroti kesenjangan dalam
pengetahuan dasar yang perlu dipenuhi. Tujuan dari penerbitan literatur ini adalah
untuk mengisi kesenjangan dalam pengetahuan disorot. Tinjauan literatur telah dibahas
dalam empat judul yaitu: hambatan universal, hambatan di Nigeria, hambatan di
beberapa negara berpendapatan menengah dan hambatan di beberapa negara
berpenghasilan tinggi. Implikasi dari membahas hambatan dalam berbagai judul juga
dibahas.

Kata kunci: perawatan Psychiatric keperawatan, hambatan, Nigeria.

48. Dearth of literature on barriers to provision of

psychiatric nursing care in Nigeria: Findings from a
literature review

Abstract
The literature review was conducted to review barriers to provision of psychiatric
nursing care in the world. The literature search highlighted a dearth of literature in
Nigeria on barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, highlighting a gap in
knowledge base that needs to be filled. The aim of publishing this literature review is to
fill the gap in knowledge highlighted. The literature review was discussed under four
headings namely: universal barriers, barriers in Nigeria, barriers in some middle-income
economies and barriers in some high-income economies. The implications of discussing
the barriers under various heading were also discussed.

Key words: Psychiatric nursing care, barriers, Nigeria.

49. Persepsi remaja 'pilihan karir keperawatan

antara sekolah menengah yang dipilih di Jos,
Nigeria

Abstrak
Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji persepsi remaja dan pilihan
keperawatan sebagai karir di sekolah-sekolah menengah atas, dan untuk menentukan
faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pilihan dan persepsi mereka. Penelitian
dilakukan di empat sekolah yang dipilih di metropolis Jos. Masing-masing sekolah-
sekolah ini adalah unik dalam fitur. Mereka termasuk: dua sekolah pemerintah sekunder
(perkotaan dan pedesaan) dan dua sekolah menengah swasta (perkotaan dan
pedesaan). Sebanyak 240 responden yang digunakan untuk penelitian. Sebuah
kuesioner digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dan
disajikan dalam tabel frekuensi, persentase, bar chart dan chi-square. Temuan
menunjukkan bahwa 7,5% (n = 18) responden memilih keperawatan sebagai karir, dari
mana 83,33% (n = 15) adalah perempuan, sedangkan 16,67% (n = 3) adalah laki-laki.
Menariknya, dari 46,25% dari total responden yang akan mempertimbangkan
keperawatan sebagai karir, 56,76% adalah perempuan sedangkan 43,26% adalah laki-
laki. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara gender dalam mempertimbangkan
keperawatan sebagai pilihan karier (x = 3,76, nilai kritis = 3,841, df = 1, p value =
0,05); jenis kepemilikan sekolah, dan pertimbangan keperawatan sebagai pilihan karier
tidak menunjukkan signifikansi (t = -2,098, nilai kritis = 1,658, df = 118, p value = 0,05.).
Ada sama ada hubungan yang signifikan antara lokasi (x = 25,5, nilai kritis = 3,841, df
= 1, p value = 0,05), dan pertimbangan keperawatan sebagai pilihan karier.

Kata kunci: Remaja, persepsi, karir, pilihan, sekunder, sekolah.

 50. Adolescents perception of career choice of
nursing among selected secondary schools in Jos,
Nigeria

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the adolescents perception and choice
of nursing as a career in senior secondary schools, and to determine factors that may
influence their choice and perception. The study was conducted in four selected schools
in Jos metropolis. Each of these schools is unique in features. They include: two
government secondary schools (urban and rural) and two private secondary schools
(urban and rural). A total of 240 respondents were used for the study. A self-
administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed
and presented in frequency tables, percentages, bar chart and chi-square. Findings
indicate that 7.5% (n=18) of respondents chose nursing as a career, out of which
83.33% (n=15) were females, while 16.67% (n=3) were males. Interestingly, out of
46.25% of total respondents who would consider nursing as a career, 56.76% were
females while 43.26% were males. There is no significant relationship between gender
in considering nursing as a career choice (X=3.76, critical value=3.841, df=1, p
value=0.05); the ownership type of schools, and consideration of nursing as a career
choice shows no significance (t=-2.098, critical value=1.658, df=118, p value=0.05.).
There is equally no significant relationship between location (X=25.5, critical
value=3.841, df=1, p value=0.05), and consideration of nursing as a career choice.

Key words: Adolescent, perception, career, choice, secondary, schools.

 51. PERSEPSI remaja 'PILIHAN karir keperawatan
ANTARA sekolah menengah Yang dipilih di Jos,
Nigeria

Abstrak
Tujuan Utama Dari Penelitian Penyanyi Adalah untuk review Menguji PERSEPSI
remaja Dan PILIHAN keperawatan sebagai karir di Menengah sekolah-sekolah
differences, Dan untuk review menentukan faktor-faktor Yang can be mempengaruhi
PILIHAN Dan PERSEPSI mereka. Penelitian dilakukan di empat dalam sekolah Yang
dipilih di metropolis Jos. Masing-masing sekolah-sekolah Penyanyi Adalah unik hearts
fitur. Mereka termasuk: doa sekolah Pemerintah sekunder (Perkotaan Dan Pedesaan)
Dan doa sekolah menengah Swasta (Perkotaan Dan Pedesaan). Sebanyak 240
responden Yang digunakan Penelitian untuk review. digunakan Data pengumpulan
untuk review SEBUAH kuesioner. Data Yang dikumpulkan dianalisis Dan disajikan
hearts tabel Frekuensi, fg, bar chart Dan Chi-square. Temuan bahwa menunjukkan
7,5% (n = 18) responden memilih keperawatan sebagai karir, Dari mana 83,33% (n =
15) Adalah Perempuan, sedangkan 16,67% (n = 3) Adalah laki-laki. Menariknya, Dari
46,25% Dari Total responden Yang akan mempertimbangkan keperawatan sebagai
karir, 56,76% Adalah Perempuan sedangkan 43,26% Adalah laki-laki. TIDAK ADA
Hubungan Yang signifikan hearts ANTARA jender mempertimbangkan keperawatan
sebagai PILIHAN Karier (x = 3,76, Nilai Kritis = 3,841, df = 1, p value = 0,05);
Beroperasi kepemilikan sekolah, Dan Pertimbangan keperawatan sebagai PILIHAN
Karier TIDAK menunjukkan signifikansi (t = -2.098, Nilai Kritis = 1.658, df = 118, p value
= 0,05.). Ada sama ADA Hubungan Yang signifikan ANTARA LOKASI (x = 25,5, Nilai
Kritis = 3,841, df = 1, nilai p = 0,05), Dan Pertimbangan keperawatan sebagai PILIHAN
Karier.

Kata kunci: Remaja, PERSEPSI, karir, PILIHAN, sekunder, sekolah.

 52. Health of women with inflammatory bowel
disease: Coping with challenges from pregnancy to
child rearing
Abstract

For women with irritable bowel disease (IBD), leading a healthy life during the perinatal
period is important because it may affect their quality of life and motherhood. However,
little attention has been paid to their challenges and the methods of coping with them.
This study therefore aims to explore the challenges women with IBD face and the
methods of coping with them during the perinatal period from their viewpoint.
Exploratory, qualitative interview study design was used in this study. In-depth, one-on-
one, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2010 to 2011 among eight women
having IBD, who experienced pregnancy, delivery and child rearing. The results of the
interviews were analyzed by inductive content analysis. The participants recognized the
following as challenges: high-risk management by obstetricians in collaboration with
gastroenterologists, high risk to physical, mental and social well-being due to IBD
relapse, limitation of information necessary during the perinatal period, issues related to
the medical profession, and breastfeeding in their own way. They were coping with
these issues by self-care for IBD, and making the most of various social support. Since
IBD is often diagnosed during womens reproductive years, gastroenterology and
obstetric specialists should cooperate with each other to routinely provide reproductive
counseling to women with IBD. Furthermore, we should establish, as early as possible,
health care communities for women with IBD, where they can maintain their quality of
life and increase their preparedness for parenthood before pregnancy and during the
perinatal period, based on multidisciplinary collaboration.

Key words: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), womens health, nursing, midwifery,
multidisciplinary collaboration, reproductive care, pregnancy, child rearing, chronic
illness, gastroenterology, qualitative approach.
 53. Pengetahuan dan sikap laki-laki tentang
vasektomi sebagai metode keluarga berencana di
kalangan pria menikah yang bekerja di Babcock
University, negara Ogun, Nigeria

Abstract
Penelitian ini meneliti tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap pekerja laki-laki menikah tentang
vasektomi dan juga faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap pria menikah yang bekerja
di Babcock Universitas terhadap vasektomi. teknik stratified random sampling
digunakan untuk memilih 200 peserta dari divisi kerja akademik dan administrasi dari
Universitas dan kuesioner yang dibangun sendiri diberikan dan 150 yang diambil dan
dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Temuan menunjukkan
bahwa mayoritas (42,7%) dari peserta berusia antara 31 sampai 40 tahun, Kristen
(97,3%), dari suku Yoruba (55,3%), memiliki gelar sarjana (46%) dan staf non-akademik
(53,3%). Mayoritas (38%) dari peserta memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai dan 62,7%
memiliki sikap positif terhadap vasektomi. Tidak ada hubungan antara peserta tingkat
pendidikan dan tingkat pengetahuan mereka tentang vasektomi, namun, hubungan
yang nyata antara peserta tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap mereka terhadap vasektomi
(2cal = 53,89, P 0,05). Risiko kesehatan pasangan ini (54%) adalah faktor utama
yang mempengaruhi sikap positif dan kebutuhan anak-anak lebih (41,3%) merupakan
faktor utama yang mempengaruhi sikap negatif terhadap vasektomi. Oleh karena itu
ada kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan program kesadaran untuk melengkapi populasi
dengan informasi yang valid dan dengan demikian meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka
tentang vasektomi. Strategi khusus harus dikembangkan untuk mengatasi hambatan
yang diidentifikasi menghambat penerimaan vasektomi antara pria menikah.

Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, vasektomi, keluarga berencana, pria menikah.

54. Knowledge and attitude of men about vasectomy
as a method of family planning among married men
working in Babcock University, Ogun state, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the level of knowledge and attitude of married male workers
about vasectomy and also the factors influencing the attitude of married men working in
Babcock University towards vasectomy. Stratified random sampling technique was used
to select 200 participants from the academic and administrative work divisions of the
University and a self-constructed questionnaire was administered and 150 were
retrieved and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings
revealed that majority (42.7%) of the participants were between the ages of 31 to 40
years, Christians (97.3%), of the Yoruba tribe (55.3%), had a bachelors degree (46%)
and were non-academic staff (53.3%). Majority (38%) of participants had adequate
knowledge and 62.7% had positive attitude towards vasectomy. There was no
association between participants level of education and their level of knowledge of
vasectomy, however, a significant association was observed between participants level
of knowledge and their attitude towards vasectomy (2cal= 53.89, P0.05). The risk of
spouses health (54%) was the major factor influencing positive attitude and the need of
more children (41.3%) was the main factor influencing negative attitude towards
vasectomy. There is therefore need to develop awareness programs in order to equip
the population with valid information and thus increasing their knowledge about
vasectomy. Specific strategies should be developed in order to tackle the identified
barriers hindering the acceptance of vasectomy among married men.

Key words: Knowledge, attitude, vasectomy, family planning, married men.

55. Kompetensi afektif perawat Filipina yang bekerja
di rumah sakit dari Taif Kota Kerajaan Arab Saudi

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kompetensi afektif perawat Filipina yang
bekerja di lima rumah sakit dari Taif Kota, Kerajaan Arab Saudi. Alat Self-Efficacy
transkultural (Tset) Kit digunakan. Kekuatan persepsi self-efficacy dari perawat dalam
konstruksi afektif menunjukkan bahwa lima nilai tertinggi menunjukkan warisan budaya
dan sistem kepercayaan mereka sendiri, perbedaan dalam kelompok budaya mereka
sendiri, bias dan keterbatasan mereka sendiri, peran keluarga dalam memberikan
pelayanan kesehatan dan perbedaan antara kelompok budaya. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa responden yakin dalam memberikan perawatan dan sepenuhnya
menyadari latar belakang budaya dan perawatan kesehatan tertentu budaya yang
dapat mempengaruhi asuhan keperawatan. Responden yakin dalam memberikan
perawatan untuk pasien dari budaya yang beragam. Namun, seminar pendidikan formal
pada asuhan keperawatan transkultural selain pelatihan Bahasa Arab akan membantu
mereka untuk berkomunikasi dengan lebih efektif.

Kata kunci: Keperawatan, pekerja Filipina, rumah sakit Saudi.

 56. Affective competency of Filipino nurses working
in the hospitals of Taif City Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the affective competency of Filipino nurses working in five
hospitals of Taif City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool (TSET)
Kit was used. The strength of self-efficacy perceptions of the nurses within the affective
constructs shows that the five highest scores shows their own cultural heritage and
belief systems, difference within their own cultural group, their own biases and
limitations, role of family in providing health care and differences between cultural
groups. The results indicate that the respondents are confident in giving care and are
fully aware of the cultural background and culture specific health care that can affect
nursing care. Respondents are confident in giving care to patient from a diverse culture.
However, formal education seminars on transcultural nursing care in addition to training
on Arabic Language will help them to communicate more effectively.

Key words: Nursing, Filipino workers, Saudi hospitals.

 57. Pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek perawat
terhadap pencegahan tekanan ulkus di Universitas
Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Maiduguri, Borno Negara,
North-Eastern, Nigeria
Abstrak
Ulkus tekanan adalah area cedera lokal pada kulit, yang mendasari jaringan atau
keduanya, biasanya lebih dari penonjolan tulang, sebagai akibat dari tekanan atau
dalam kombinasi dengan geser. Mereka masalah umum dalam perawatan kesehatan
dan merupakan beban yang signifikan pada pasien, keluarga dan pengasuh mereka.
pencegahan ulkus dekubitus adalah indikator kualitas untuk mengurangi kejadian ulkus
dekubitus dalam pengaturan perawatan akut. Studi dinilai perawat pengetahuan, sikap
dan praktik pencegahan tekanan ulkus di Rumah Sakit Universitas Maiduguri
Pengajaran, Borno Negara (UMTH). Penelitian ini mengadopsi non-eksperimental
cross-sectional desain survei deskriptif. Sebuah sampel total 99 perawat berpartisipasi
dalam penelitian dan data dikumpulkan melalui diri dikembangkan dan divalidasi
kuesioner. Analisis dilakukan dengan paket statistik untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial (SPSS) versi
20, statistik deskriptif dari jumlah frekuensi dan persentase digunakan untuk menjawab
pertanyaan penelitian, sedangkan statistik inferensial dari chi-square digunakan untuk
menguji hipotesis pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Temuan mengungkapkan tingkat
pengetahuan rendah di antara perawat, sikap positif terhadap praktek-praktek
pencegahan tekanan ulkus dan praktek rendahnya tingkat pencegahan tekanan ulkus di
UMTH. Namun, hubungan yang signifikan yang ditemukan antara pengalaman kerja
perawat dan praktek pencegahan ulkus dekubitus. Oleh karena itu studi ini
menunjukkan bahwa perawat perlu meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka terhadap
tekanan pencegahan ulkus dalam rangka meningkatkan praktek keperawatan dan
memastikan keselamatan klien dari ulkus tekanan.

Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, praktek, pencegahan, perawat, Maiduguri.

 58. Knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses
toward pressure ulcer prevention in University of
Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, North-
Eastern, Nigeria

Abstract

Pressure ulcers are areas of localized injury to the skin, underlying tissue or both,
usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure or in combination with shear.
They are common problem in health care and represent a significant burden on
patients, their relatives and caregivers. Pressure ulcer prevention is of the quality
indicators to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer in acute care setting. The study
assessed nurses knowledge, attitude and practice of pressure ulcer prevention in
University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State (UMTH). The study adopted a
non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive survey design. A total sample of 99 nurses
participated in the study and data was collected through a self developed and validated
questionnaire. Analysis was done with statistical package for the social sciences
(SPSS) version 20, descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages was used
to answer research questions, while inferential statistics of chi-square was used to test
the hypothesis at 5% level of significance. Findings revealed low level knowledge
among nurses, positive attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention practices and low
level practice of pressure ulcer prevention in UMTH. However, significant relationship
was found between nurses work experience and practice of pressure ulcer prevention.
The study therefore suggests that nurses need to increase their knowledge towards
pressure ulcer prevention in order to improve nursing practice and ensure clients safety
from pressure ulcers.

Key words: Knowledge, attitude, practice, prevention, nurses, Maiduguri.

 59. "Saya sangat takut efek samping dengan
mendengarkan apa yang orang katakan": Alasan
wanita Ghana tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi
Abstrak
Ada kebutuhan yang belum terpenuhi besar untuk kontrasepsi di Ghana, meskipun
banyak bentuk keluarga berencana menjadi sangat tersedia dan pengetahuan universal
kontrasepsi di kalangan perempuan Ghana. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk kuantitatif
menyelidiki alasan untuk rendah penggunaan kontrasepsi di Ghana. Wawancara
dilakukan dengan 18 wanita dirawat karena komplikasi akibat aborsi yang tidak aman
untuk memastikan pandangan mereka tentang penggunaan kontrasepsi. penyedia tiga
puluh kesehatan, di tiga rumah sakit di Kumasi, Ghana juga diwawancarai. Sepuluh
kelompok fokus diadakan dengan anggota masyarakat untuk menyelidiki bagaimana
kontrasepsi dipandang dalam komunitas yang lebih besar. Tak satu pun dari wanita
yang diwawancarai menggunakan kontrasepsi ketika mereka menjadi hamil. Ada tiga
tema untuk alasan untuk non-penggunaan: Takut Efek Samping, Poor Penerimaan oleh
Staf Kesehatan, dan Agama. Untuk meningkatkan penerimaan kontrasepsi modern,
intervensi yang bertujuan untuk menyangkal umumnya dipegang kesalahpahaman yang
sangat dibutuhkan. Meningkatkan kualitas layanan yang perempuan menerima ketika
mereka mengakses layanan, dan memastikan bahwa petugas kesehatan yang
didukung dengan baik untuk memberikan perawatan kualitas tertinggi sangat penting.

Kata kunci: Kontrasepsi, Ghana.

 60. I am very much afraid of its side effects by
listening to what people say: Reasons Ghanaian
women do not use contraception

Abstract

There is a large unmet need for contraception in Ghana, despite many forms of family
planning being highly available and a near universal knowledge of contraception among
Ghanaian women. This study sought to qualitatively investigate reasons for low-use of
contraception in Ghana. Interviews were conducted with 18 women being treated for
complications resulting from unsafe abortions to ascertain their views on contraception
usage. Thirty healthcare providers, in three hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana were also
interviewed. Ten focus groups were held with community members to investigate how
contraception is viewed in the larger community. None of the women interviewed were
using contraception when they became pregnant. There were three themes for reasons
for non-use: Fear of Side Effects, Poor Reception by Health Staff, and Religion. To
increase the acceptability of modern contraception, interventions aimed at refuting
commonly held misconceptions are sorely needed. Improving the quality of services that
women receive when they access services, and ensuring that health workers are well
supported to provide the highest quality care possible is highly important.

Key words: Contraception, Ghana.

 61. Proses Children donasi organ: Faktor-faktor
yang campur tangan dalam komunikasi dari
penyedia layanan kesehatan
Abstrak
Kemungkinan memberikan bantuan kepada individu melalui proses donor organ,
sehingga mereka dapat terus hidup, adalah sebuah inisiatif berdasarkan altruisme dan
solidaritas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan faktor-faktor yang
campur tangan dalam komunikasi dari penyedia layanan kesehatan dengan orang tua
otak anak mati. Kami telah memilih kertas dan informasi dari Web of Science, CINAHL,
ScienceDirect (Elsevier), dan database PubMed dari tahun 2000 ke 2013. Temuan
utama dari studi ini adalah bahwa otak mati pada anak-anak memiliki dampak yang sulit
di tim pelayanan kesehatan, budaya dan agama aspek orang tua merupakan faktor
yang ikut campur dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, dan mungkin sumbangan
proses dipandu oleh rasa solidaritas dengan yang lain dalam penderitaan dan
altruisme, orang tua dari anak-anak yang menunggu organ juga dalam situasi khawatir
besar, karena kematian anak mereka dapat terjadi segera jika mereka tidak
mengamankan akses ke organ yang emosi konstituen yang mendasari dan motor dari
proses donor.

Kata kunci: Organ donor, unit perawatan intensif anak, proses pengambilan keputusan,
hambatan komunikasi.
 62. Process of childrens organ donation: Factors
that intervene in the communication of the
healthcare provider
Abstract

The possibility of providing aid to individuals through the process of organ donation, so
that they may continue living, is an initiative based on altruism and solidarity. The aim of
this study is to describe the factors that intervene in the communication of the health
care provider with the parents of brain dead children. We have selected papers and
information from Web of Science, CINAHL, Science Direct (Elsevier), and PUBMED
databases from 2000 to 2013. The principal findings of this study are that brain dead in
children has a tough impact on healthcare service teams, cultural and religious aspects
of the parents are factors that intervene in the decision making process, and probably
the process donation is guided by a sense of solidarity with another in suffering and
altruism, parents of children that are waiting for organs are also in a situation of great
worry, because the death of their child may occur soon if they do not secure access to
an organ which are the underlying constituent emotions and motors of the donor
process.

Key words: Organ donor, paediatric intensive care units, decision-making process,
communication barriers.
 63. Kepuasan klien dengan pelayanan keluarga
berencana dan faktor terkait di kalangan pengguna
KB di Hossana Kota Fasilitas Kesehatan
Masyarakat, South Ethiopia: studi cross-sectional
berbasis Fasilitas
Abstrak

Kepuasan klien dianggap sebagai salah satu hasil yang diinginkan dari perawatan
kesehatan dan terkait langsung dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan. Hal ini
mencerminkan kesenjangan antara yang diharapkan dan pengalaman layanan dari titik
klien pandang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kepuasan klien dengan
pelayanan keluarga berencana dan faktor terkait. Fasilitas berbasis studi cross-
sectional yang melibatkan wawancara keluar dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai
Maret 2014 di fasilitas kesehatan publik di kota Hossana. Data dikumpulkan dari 324
responden yang dipilih dengan teknik sampling sistematik menggunakan pra-diuji
terstruktur pewawancara diberikan kuesioner. Dari total 324 subyek penelitian, 75,3%
dari responden melaporkan bahwa mereka puas dengan layanan yang mereka terima.
Dalam analisis multivariat, kepuasan klien adalah lebih tinggi bagi perempuan yang
melaporkan waktu tunggu mereka untuk menjadi 30 menit dan kurang (AOR = 5,5 [95%
CI = 1,918, 15,77]), bagi mereka yang privasi dipastikan selama ujian dan prosedur
(AOR = 5,08 [95% CI = 2,270, 11,387]), menceritakan bagaimana menggunakan
metode (AOR = 3,431 [1,206, 9,761]), memiliki riwayat kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan
(AOR 2,803 [1,058, 7,426]), pengguna repeat (AOR = 3,041 [1.37, 6,737]), nyaman jam
buka (AOR = 4,730 [1,217, 18,383]) dan bawah untuk para wanita yang dirasakan
fasilitas kesehatan tidak bersih (AOR = 0,192 [0,056, 0,658]) dan mereka yang pernah
mengalami metode efek samping ( AOR = 0.280 [95% CI = [0,121, 0,645]. studi ini
menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan klien dengan layanan keluarga berencana rendah.
frekuensi kunjungan, waktu tunggu, kebersihan fasilitas kesehatan, sejarah efek
samping, sejarah yang tidak diinginkan kehamilan, dan informasi tentang cara
menggunakan metode, privasi selama pemeriksaan dan prosedur dan kenyamanan jam
pembukaan adalah prediktor kepuasan klien.

Kata kunci: Keluarga berencana, kepuasan klien, kota Hossana.

64. Clients satisfaction with family planning services
and associated factors among family planning users
in Hossana Town Public Health Facilities, South
Ethiopia: Facility-based cross-sectional study
Abstract

Client satisfaction is considered as one of the desired outcomes of health care and it is
directly related with utilization of health services. It reflects the gap between the
expected and the experience of the service from the clients point of view. The objective
of this study was to assess clients satisfaction with family planning services and
associated factors. Facility-based cross-sectional study that involved an exit interview
was conducted from February to March, 2014 in public health facilities in Hossana town.
The data were collected from 324 respondents selected by systematic sampling
technique using pre-tested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Of the
total of 324 study subjects, 75.3% of the respondents reported that they were satisfied
with services they received. In multivariate analysis, satisfaction of clients was higher for
women who reported their waiting time to be 30 min and less (AOR=5.5 [95% CI=1.918,
15.77]), for those whom privacy was ensured during exams and procedures (AOR=5.08
[95%CI=2.270, 11.387]), told how to use the method (AOR=3.431[1.206, 9.761]), had
history of unintended pregnancy (AOR 2.803[1.058, 7.426]), repeat users
(AOR=3.041[1.37, 6.737]), convenient opening hours (AOR= 4.730[1.217, 18.383]) and
lower for those women who perceived health facilities not clean (AOR= 0.192[0.056,
0.658]) and those who had experienced methods side effect (AOR=0.280 [95%CI=
[.121, 0.645]. This study revealed that clients satisfaction with family planning service
was low. The frequency of visit, waiting time, cleanness of health facilities, history of
side effect, history of unintended pregnancy, and information on how to use methods,
privacy during examination and procedure and convenience of opening hour were the
predictors of client satisfaction.
Key words: Family planning, client satisfaction, Hossana town.

65. Menggunakan analisis tugas untuk memperkuat

keperawatan dan pendidikan pra-pelayanan
kebidanan di Malawi

Abstrak

Perawat dan Bidan Dewan Malawi (NMCM) telah terlibat dalam upaya signifikan untuk
mereformasi pendidikan keperawatan dan kebidanan pra-layanan di Malawi. Untuk itu NMCM
memutuskan untuk merevisi dan memperkuat silabus yang ada dan kurikulum untuk kader
perawat kebidanan, dimulai dengan teknisi perawat bidan (NMT). Dalam upaya untuk membuat
keputusan berbasis bukti untuk revisi silabus, NMCM melakukan analisis tugas untuk menilai
bagaimana NMTs siap adalah untuk melakukan tugas-tugas dalam pekerjaan sehari-hari mereka.
NMCM digunakan kegiatan untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan kurikuler dan tugas utama
NMT. Dalam analisis tugas, metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif diidentifikasi persepsi NMTs 'tugas
yang dibutuhkan untuk praktek sehari-hari, kompetensi untuk melakukan tugas-tugas seperti,
faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan, dan pre-service kesenjangan program. NMCM
mengumpulkan data dari 48 NMTs dipilih secara acak dari sampel tertimbang NMTs dari semua
kabupaten di negara ini. Tugas yang paling sering dilakukan ( 50%) yang ditemukan pada
penyakit menular dan kebidanan. NMTs merasa tidak cukup siap untuk menangani
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) kasus manusia, komplikasi kebidanan, dan metode keluarga
berencana tertentu. Temuan juga mengidentifikasi kesenjangan dalam pelatihan klinis dan
pengawasan fakultas siswa. Analisis tugas memberikan pendekatan yang kuat untuk revisi
kurikulum melalui mengidentifikasi kesenjangan konten utama. Negara-negara lain mungkin
mempertimbangkan mengadopsi pendekatan ini untuk meningkatkan konten dan relevansi
keperawatan dan silabus kebidanan dan kurikulum.

Kata kunci: analisis Tugas, revisi kurikulum, keperawatan dan pendidikan kebidanan.
 66. Using a task analysis to strengthen nursing and
midwifery pre-service education in Malawi
Abstract

The Nurses and Midwives Council of Malawi (NMCM) has engaged in significant efforts
to reform nursing and midwifery pre-service education in Malawi. To that end NMCM
decided to revise and strengthen existing syllabi and curricula for nurse midwifery
cadres, starting with the nurse midwife technician (NMT). In an attempt to make
evidence-based decisions for syllabus revision, NMCM conducted a task analysis to
assess how prepared NMTs were to perform tasks in their daily jobs. NMCM used the
activity to identify curricular gaps and key NMT tasks. In the task analysis, quantitative
and qualitative methods identified NMTs perceptions of tasks required for daily practice,
competency to perform such tasks, factors influencing quality of care, and pre-service
programmatic gaps. NMCM collected data from 48 NMTs randomly selected from a
weighted sample of NMTs from all districts in the country. The most frequently
performed tasks ( 50%) were found to be in infectious diseases and midwifery. NMTs
felt inadequately prepared to handle human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases,
obstetric complications, and certain family planning methods. Findings also identified
gaps in clinical training and faculty supervision of students. The task analysis provided a
robust approach to curriculum revision through identifying key content gaps. Other
countries might consider adopting this approach to improving the content and relevancy
of nursing and midwifery syllabi and curricula.

Key words: Task analysis, curriculum revision, nursing and midwifery education.
 67. Euthanasia: Sebuah perjuangan untuk
menghormati dan otonomi

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas dilema etika di "Eutanasia". Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah

untuk menganalisis kontroversi etis yang terkait dengan euthanasia. Penelitian ini akan

menyajikan analisis mendalam dari skenario klinis berkaitan dengan konsep kualitas

hidup terkait kesehatan, otonomi pasien, dan perspektif hukum, sosial, dan agama

lainnya. Pendekatan empat kuadran dilakukan untuk menganalisis skenario.

Kata kunci: Euthanasia, kualitas hidup, otonomi, empat pendekatan kuadran.

 68. Euthanasia: A fight for respect and autonomy

Abstract

This study discusses an ethical dilemma on Euthanasia. The purpose of this study is
to analyze the ethical controversies associated with euthanasia. This study will present
an in-depth analysis of a clinical scenario with regard to the concept of health-related
quality of life, patients autonomy, and other legal, social, and religious perspectives. A
four quadrant approach is performed to analyze the scenario.

Key words: Euthanasia, quality of life, autonomy, four quadrant approach.

 69. Sistematis kandung kemih scanning
mengidentifikasi lebih banyak wanita dengan retensi
urin postpartum dari diagnosis oleh tanda-tanda dan
gejala klinis
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah penggunaan sistematis kandung
kemih memindai secara akurat mengidentifikasi lebih banyak wanita dengan retensi urin
postpartum dibandingkan dengan diagnosis menggunakan tanda-tanda dan gejala
klinis, sendirian. Sebuah prospektif, studi eksperimental kuasi dilakukan di Departemen
Obstetri dan Ginekologi, County Hospital Ryhov, Jnkping, Swedia. Sebanyak 252
wanita berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini; mereka adalah perempuan yang melahirkan
antara periode Maret dan April 2011. Seratus dua puluh enam wanita termasuk dalam
kelompok eksperimen, mereka menerima ultrasound scanning volume kandung kemih
residu pasca batal untuk identifikasi retensi urin; pasien kateter jika posting-kekosongan
volume residu kandung kemih adalah 400 ml. Sebuah kelompok kontrol dari 126
wanita, cocok dengan paritas dan usia, juga disertakan. Kelompok ini kemudian kateter
pada tanda-tanda atau gejala klinis dari retensi urin. Dua puluh satu perempuan di
kelompok eksperimen diidentifikasi memiliki pasca-kekosongan residual volume yang
kandung 400 ml dibandingkan dengan 9 pada kelompok kontrol, diverifikasi oleh
kateterisasi (p <0,05). Sebelas wanita dalam kelompok eksperimen memiliki retensi urin
rahasia dengan volume kandung kemih sisa pasca-kekosongan 400-1200 ml. Tidak ada
wanita yang melahirkan melalui operasi caesar diidentifikasi dengan retensi urin
postpartum. analisis regresi logistik univariat mengidentifikasi tujuh indikator risiko
retensi urin postpartum: kehamilan pertama, pengiriman dengan menggunakan
ventouse, infus oksitosin, analgesia epidural, tahap kedua> 120 min, aktif mendorong>
30 menit dan air mata perineum. infus oksitosin dan air mata perineum yang indikator
risiko independen dalam analisis regresi multivariabel. Sistematis kandung kemih
scanning mengidentifikasi lebih banyak wanita dengan retensi urin postpartum pada
wanita dengan persalinan pervaginam dari diagnosis oleh tanda-tanda dan gejala klinis,
sendirian. infus oksitosin dan air mata perineum adalah indikator risiko independen
untuk retensi urin pada wanita yang melahirkan baru.

Kata kunci: Postpartum retensi urin, disfungsi postpartum berkemih, kandung kemih
scanning, kateterisasi, lahir.
 70. Systematic bladder scanning identifies more
women with postpartum urinary retention than
diagnosis by clinical signs and symptoms
Abstract

This study aims to determine if systematic use of bladder scan accurately identifies
more women with postpartum urinary retention compared with diagnosis using clinical
signs and symptoms, alone. A prospective, quasi experimental study was performed at
the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jnkping,
Sweden. A total of 252 women participated in this study; they were women who gave
birth between the period of March and April, 2011. One hundred and twenty-six women
were included in an experimental group, they received ultrasound scanning of post-void
residual bladder volume for identification of urinary retention; patients were catheterized
if post-void residual bladder volume was 400 ml. A control group of 126 women,
matched by parity and age, were also included. The latter group were catheterized on
clinical signs or symptoms of urinary retention. Twenty-one women in the experimental
group were identified as having post-void residual bladder volume 400 ml compared to
9 in the control group, verified by catheterization (p < 0.05). Eleven women in the
experimental group had covert urinary retention with a post-void residual bladder
volume of 400 to 1200 ml. No woman who gave birth by caesarean section was
identified with postpartum urinary retention. Univariable logistic regression analyses
identified seven risk indicators of postpartum urinary retention: first pregnancy, delivery
with use of ventouse, oxytocin infusion, epidural analgesia, second stage of >120 min,
active pushing >30 min and perineal tear. Oxytocin infusion and perineal tear were
independent risk indicators in a multivariable regression analysis. Systematic bladder
scanning identifies more women with postpartum urinary retention in women with
vaginal delivery than diagnosis by clinical signs and symptoms, alone. Oxytocin infusion
and perineal tear are independent risk indicators for urinary retention in new delivered
women.
Key words: Postpartum urinary retention, postpartum voiding dysfunction, bladder
scanning, catheterization, birth.

71. Pola penggunaan komputer dan ketajaman

visual di kalangan pengguna komputer di
Universitas Terbuka Nasional Nigeria (KATA
BENDA)

Abstrak

pekerjaan komputerisasi yang lebih menetap karena memerlukan pengolahan lebih

kognitif dan perhatian mental. Selain itu, untuk menempatkan komputer ke dalam

operasi untuk banyak tugas di tandem berarti bahwa operator tentu akan duduk

sebelum layar terminal visual layar komputer dalam rentang postur sangat terbatas. Ini

dapat memiliki efek yg memburuk pada mata. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyelidiki

pola penggunaan komputer dalam hubungan dengan ketajaman visual antara

Universitas Terbuka Nasional Nigeria (KATA BENDA) staf. Penelitian ini adalah survei

cross-sectional yang digunakan metode sampling multi-stage untuk merekrut 297 staf

dari 17 Pusat Studi BENDA dipilih. Sebuah dikelola sendiri dan kuesioner terstruktur

digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi untuk penelitian. Snellen chart Jaeger

digunakan untuk menentukan ketajaman visual antara responden. Temuan dari

penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan jangka panjang komputer "sehari-hari"

dikaitkan dengan ketajaman visual kurang diinginkan (p <0,05). Demikian juga, semakin

lama waktu yang dihabiskan pada penggunaan komputer sehari-hari, lebih rendah

ketajaman visual yang diinginkan (p <0,05). Meskipun demikian, direkomendasikan

bahwa pemeriksaan mata secara berkala dan kampanye kesehatan masyarakat harus

diadopsi sebagai strategi pencegahan untuk menjaga integritas visi di kalangan

pengguna komputer.

Kata kunci: Pola, penggunaan komputer, ketajaman visual.

72. Pattern of computer usage and visual acuity

among computer users at National Open University
of Nigeria (NOUN)
Abstract

Computerized jobs are more sedentary as it requires more cognitive processing and
mental attention. Besides, to put computers into operation for many tasks in tandem
means that the operator would necessarily sit before visual display terminal of
computers screen within a very restricted posture range. This could have deteriorative
effects on the eyes. Hence, this study investigated the pattern of computer use in
association with visual acuity among National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) staff.
The study was a cross-sectional survey which utilized multi-stage sampling method to
recruit 297 staff from selected 17 NOUN Study Centres. A self-administered and
structured questionnaire was used to obtain information for the study. Snellens and
Jeggars chart were used to determine visual acuity among the respondents. Findings
from the study revealed that prolonged daily computer use was associated with less
desirable visual acuity (p<0.05). Likewise, the longer the hours spent on daily computer
use, the lesser the desirable visual acuity (p<0.05). It is however, recommended that
periodic eye examination and public health campaign should be adopted as preventive
strategies in order to maintain vision integrity among computer users.

Key words: Pattern, computer use, visual acuity.

 73. Pengetahuan tentang wanita menghadiri
pelayanan kesehatan primer (PHC) pusat mengenai
kebersihan selama periode menstruasi mereka
Abstrak
Salah satu bidang penting adalah kebersihan menstruasi dan manajemen, yang absen
dari banyak wacana, kebijakan dan praktek dalam menjaga bagian pribadi wanita
bersih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi informasi perempuan
tentang manajemen kebersihan menstruasi, dan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan
antara karakteristik sosio-demografis dan obstetrik dengan pengetahuan. Sebuah
penelitian deskriptif pada pengetahuan perempuan menghadiri pelayanan kesehatan
primer (PHC) mengenai kebersihan selama masa menstruasi dilakukan di Sulaimani
City 20 Juli 2012 sampai dengan 30 Juni 2013. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif
dengan wawancara dengan klien mengunjungi pusat-pusat PHC . Menggunakan non-
probability sampling, sampel purposive dari 604 wanita usia reproduksi, dipilih untuk
tujuan penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner anonim, yang terdiri tiga bagian:
karakteristik demografi, riwayat menstruasi dan pengetahuan mengenai periode
menstruasi. Data dianalisis melalui paket statistik untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial (SPSS) (18,0)
versi program paket. Frekuensi, persentase, standar deviasi dan chi-square digunakan
dalam penilaian statistik, dan p <0,05 diterima sebagai signifikansi statistik. Mayoritas
(56%) dari peserta memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai mengenai menstruasi
kebersihan, dan studi ini juga mengungkapkan bahwa 81% dari sampel ini
menggunakan pembalut, 2,6% menggunakan sepotong kain baru dan 16,4 potongan%
penggunaan kain bekas. Alasan untuk tidak menggunakan sanitary pad untuk 42,6%
dari kelompok studi yang karena itu tidak tersedia bagi mereka, tetapi 34,8% dari
sampel tidak tahu mengapa mereka tidak menggunakan sanitary pad. 19,1% kembali
bahwa mereka merasa terlalu sulit untuk membuang karena mereka berpikir bahwa
pembuangan pad adalah tabu dalam agama Islam. Perbedaan yang sangat signifikan
muncul antara pengetahuan perempuan mengenai kesehatan dan tingkat pendidikan,
pekerjaan, status perkawinan, tempat tinggal dan jenis keluarga, sementara tidak ada
perbedaan signifikan yang ditemukan dalam pendapatan bulanan dari sampel. Para
peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa ada kekurangan umum dalam pengetahuan, terutama
dalam mandi dan perubahan bantalan. Beberapa wanita menggunakan kain tua karena
pad tidak mudah tersedia dan / atau sulit buang. Tingkat pengetahuan tentang
kesehatan selama peningkatan menstruasi dengan peningkatan usia perempuan,
jumlah anak, pendidikan, pekerjaan yang dibayar, dan keluarga. Hampir semua wanita
memiliki sikap positif untuk belajar pengetahuan mengenai periode menstruasi.

Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, kebersihan, periode menstruasi.

74. Knowledge of women attending a primary health
care (PHC) center concerning hygiene during their
menstrual period

Abstract
One critical area is menstrual hygiene and management, which is absent from much of
the discourse, policy and practice in keeping a womans private part clean. The
objectives of this study were to identify womens information about menstrual hygiene
management, and to explore the association between some socio-demographic and
obstetric characteristics with knowledge. A descriptive study on the knowledge of
women attending primary health care (PHC) concerning hygiene during the menstrual
period was carried out in Sulaimani City from 20 July, 2012 to 30 June, 2013. Data
were collected retrospectively by an interview with clients visiting PHC centers. Using
non-probability sampling, a purposive sample of 604 females of reproductive age, were
selected for the purpose of the study. The data were collected through an anonymous
questionnaire, which comprised three parts: demographic characteristics, menstrual
history and knowledge regarding the menstrual period. Data were analyzed through
statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) (18.0) version of packet program.
Frequency, percentage, standard deviation and chi-square were used in the statistical
assessment, and p<0.05 was accepted as the statistical significance. Majority (56%) of
the participants had adequate knowledge regarding menstruation hygiene, and the
study also revealed that 81% of these samples use sanitary pad, 2.6% use new cloth
piece and 16.4% use pieces of old cloth. The reason for not using sanitary pad for
42.6% of the study group were because it was not available for them, but 34.8% of the
sample do not know why they do not use sanitary pad. 19.1% returned that they found it
too difficult to dispose because they thought that disposal of pad is taboo in the Islam
religion. A highly significant difference appears between womens knowledge regarding
hygiene and the education level, occupation, marital status, residency and type of
family, while no significant difference was found in the monthly income of the sample.
Researchers conclude that there is a general deficiency in knowledge, especially in a
bath and changing of pads. Some of the women use old cloth because pad is not easily
available and/or difficult to dispose. The levels of knowledge regarding hygiene during
menstruation increase with increase in womens age, the number of children, education,
paid employment, and extended family. Nearly all women have a positive attitude to
learning knowledge regarding menstruation period.

Key words: Knowledge, hygiene, menstrual period.

75. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi nyeri
antara klien menghadiri rumah sakit Nigeria
mengajar
Abstrak
Penelitian ini meneliti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi nyeri antara klien
menghadiri rasa sakit dan perawatan paliatif unit University of Teaching Hospital Ilorin,
Ilorin. Populasi terdiri dari berbagai klien dengan penyakit terminal seperti kanker,
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), jantung berat atau gagal ginjal dll yang
mengalami nyeri, dan menghadiri unit untuk pengobatan dan perawatan tindak lanjut.
teknik random sampling digunakan dalam memilih seratus lima (105) subyek untuk
penelitian. Kuesioner adalah alat utama yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data, dan
tertarik sejalan dengan skala penilaian Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
tingkat kesadaran, usia dan tingkat pendidikan dipengaruhi persepsi nyeri. Chi-square
digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis pada tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa praktek budaya memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap persepsi
nyeri. Berdasarkan hasil, dianjurkan bahwa seminar biasa, dan melanjutkan program
pendidikan harus diselenggarakan untuk melatih perawat pada manajemen nyeri.
asuhan keperawatan paliatif harus diakui sebagai spesialisasi dalam keperawatan.

Kata kunci: perawatan Hospice, perawatan paliatif, nyeri, persepsi nyeri, penyakit
termin
 76. Factors influencing perception of pain among
clients attending a Nigeria teaching hospital

Abstract

This study examined the factors influencing the perception of pain among clients
attending the pain and palliative care unit of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin.
The population comprised of various clients with terminal illnesses such as cancer,
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe heart or kidney failure etc who experience
pain, and attending the unit for treatment and follow-up care. Random sampling
technique was used in selecting one hundred and five (105) subjects for the study.
Questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection, and was drawn in line
with a Likerts rating scale. The result showed that level of awareness, age and
educational level influenced pain perception. Chi-square was used to test hypotheses at
0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that cultural practices had significant
influence on perception of pain. Based on the results, it was recommended that regular
seminars, and continuing education programmes should be organized for training
nurses on pain management. Palliative nursing care should be recognized as a
speciality in nursing.

Key words: Hospice care, palliative nursing care, pain, pain perception, terminal
illness.
 77. Dukungan sosial yang dirasakan dan
hubungannya dengan beberapa karakteristik
demografi pada primigravida wanita hamil
Abstrak
Meskipun peristiwa gembira bagi kebanyakan wanita, kehamilan seringkali periode
stres baik fisik maupun mental, dan wanita hamil membutuhkan dukungan sosial dari
suami, keluarga, teman, profesional kesehatan, dan orang-orang penting lainnya untuk
memfasilitasi, beradaptasi dengan, dan mendapatkan jiwa keseimbangan. Oleh karena
itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial yang
dirasakan dan beberapa karakteristik demografi pada wanita primigravida. , Studi cross-
sectional analitik ini dilakukan pada wanita primigravida disebut kebidanan dan klinik
ginekologi dari Shahid Ayatollah Motahari dan rumah sakit Hafez berafiliasi ke Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences untuk menerima perawatan prenatal pada tahun 2014.
Data yang dikumpulkan oleh karakteristik demografi angket dan multidimensional skala
dukungan sosial yang dirasakan (MSPSS). Kemudian, data dianalisis dengan paket
statistik untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial (SPSS), versi 20 menggunakan koefisien korelasi
Pearson dan analisis regresi linier multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
tertinggi dan terendah rata skor terkait dengan dukungan sosial yang dirasakan dari
suami dan dirasakan dukungan sosial dari teman, masing-masing. Selain itu, sebagian
besar peserta memiliki tingkat tinggi dukungan sosial yang dirasakan. Namun, tidak ada
korelasi yang signifikan yang ditemukan antara dukungan dirasakan sosial dari suami
dan jumlah dukungan sosial yang dirasakan dan usia suami, usia ibu hamil, usia saat
menikah, dan usia kehamilan. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat
pendidikan suami, pekerjaan suami, tingkat pendidikan ibu hamil, pekerjaan wanita
hamil, dan kelas sosial ekonomi tidak bisa memprediksi dirasakan dukungan sosial dari
suami dan jumlah dukungan sosial yang dirasakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan
tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel demografis dan dirasakan
dukungan sosial. Ini mungkin dikaitkan dengan fakta bahwa dirasakan dukungan sosial
lebih merupakan fenomena subjektif, dan tergantung pada tingkat individu persepsi
tetapi tidak untuk jumlah yang diterima.

Kata kunci: Kehamilan, primipara, dukungan sosial, persepsi

78. The perceived social support and its relationship
with some of the demographic characteristics in
Primigravida pregnant women
Abstract
Though a joyful event for most women, pregnancy is often a stressful period both
physically and mentally, and pregnant women need social support from husband,
family, friends, health professionals, and other important people in order to facilitate,
adapt with, and obtain mental balance. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine
the relationship between perceived social supports and some demographic
characteristics in Primigravida women. This analytical, cross-sectional study was
conducted on the Primigravida women referred to obstetrics and gynecology clinics of
Shahid Ayatollah Motahari and Hafez hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences for receiving prenatal care in 2014. The data were gathered by demographic
characteristics questionnaire and multidimensional scale of perceived social support
(MSPSS). Then, the data were analyzed by the statistical package for the social
sciences (SPSS), version 20 using Pearsons correlation coefficient and multivariate
linear regression analysis. The results showed that the highest and lowest mean scores
were related to perceived social support from husband and perceived social support
from friends, respectively. Besides, the majority of the participants had high levels of
perceived social support. However, no significant correlation was found between
perceived social support from husband and total perceived social support and
husbands age, pregnant womans age, age at marriage, and gestational age.
Moreover, the results showed that husbands education level, husbands occupation,
pregnant womans education level, pregnant womans occupation, and socioeconomic
class could not predict perceived social support from husband and total perceived social
support. The results of the present study revealed no significant association between
demographic variables and perceived social support. This might be attributed to the fact
that perceived social support is more a subjective phenomenon, and depends on an
individuals level of perception but not to the amount received.
Key words: Pregnancy, primiparity, social support, perception.

79. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan

perawat dari skala penilaian risiko untuk mencegah
tekanan ulkus di antara pasien di Rumah Sakit
Ortopedi Nasional, Enugu, Timur Selatan, Nigeria
Abstrak
Mencegah tekanan ulkus telah menjadi perhatian keperawatan selama bertahun-tahun.
Penggunaan penilaian risiko skala untuk memprediksi perkembangan ulkus dekubitus
sebelum terjadi adalah penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi penggunaan perawat timbangan penilaian risiko untuk memprediksi
tekanan ulkus di antara pasien dari Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Nasional, Enugu, Selatan
Timur Nigeria. desain survei deskriptif diadopsi untuk penelitian ini, dan 91 perawat
yang bekerja di bangsal rawat inap pria dan wanita dari Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Nasional
berpartisipasi dalam studi. Mayoritas [80 (88%)] dari responden dikaitkan kurangnya
pelatihan pendidikan, kurangnya kebijakan institusional [70 (76,9%)] dan tidak ada
ketentuan dari bentuk penilaian risiko [51 (56%)] sebagai faktor utama yang
mempengaruhi perawat 'penggunaan skala penilaian risiko. Temuan juga
mengungkapkan bahwa hanya 34 (37,4%) dari responden memiliki pelatihan formal
pada skala penilaian risiko dan 51 (56%) dari responden positif melihat skala penilaian
risiko sebagai alat yang paling tepat untuk memprediksi risiko tekanan ulkus. Namun,
hubungan yang signifikan menunjukkan bahwa faktor berdampak positif pada
penggunaan skala penilaian risiko. Dianjurkan bahwa pelatihan in-service atau
konferensi harus diselenggarakan untuk perawat yang bekerja dalam pengaturan studi
tentang cara menggunakan skala penilaian risiko. Juga, manajemen rumah sakit harus
memberikan kebijakan penggunaan skala penilaian risiko dan memastikan ketersediaan
bentuk untuk melaksanakan penilaian risiko untuk mendeteksi tekanan ulkus awal dan
meningkatkan perawatan pasien.

Kata kunci: Tekanan ulkus, skala penilaian risiko, perawat, Enugu.

 80. Factors influencing nurses' use of risk
assessment scale for preventing pressure ulcer
among patients in National Orthopaedic Hospital,
Enugu State, South Eastern, Nigeria
Abstract

Preventing pressure ulcer has been a nursing concern for many years. The use of risk
assessment scales to predict the development of pressure ulcer before it occurs is
essential. This study aimed at examining factors that influence the nurses' use of risk
assessment scales for predicting pressure ulcer among patients of National
Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu State, South Eastern Nigeria. Descriptive survey design
was adopted for this study, and 91 nurses working in the male and female inpatient
wards of National Orthopedic Hospital participated in the study. An overwhelming
majority [80 (88%)] of the respondents attributed lack of educational training, lack of
institutional policy [70 (76.9%)] and no provision of risk assessment forms [51 (56%)] as
the major factors affecting nurses use of risk assessment scale. Findings also revealed
that only 34 (37.4%) of the respondents have had formal training on risk assessment
scale and 51 (56%) of the respondents positively view risk assessment scale as the
most appropriate tool for predicting pressure ulcer risk. However, significant relationship
reveals that factors have positive impact on usage of risk assessment scale. It was
recommended that in-service training or conferences should be organized for nurses
working in the setting of the study on how to use risk assessment scales. Also, hospital
management should provide policy on use of risk assessment scale and ensure
availability of forms to carry out risk assessments to detect pressure ulcer early and
improve nursing care of patients.

Key words: Pressure ulcer, risk assessment scale, nurses, Enugu State.
81. Kesediaan penyedia kesehatan reproduksi untuk
menyediakan layanan aborsi yang komprehensif
dan pengetahuan tentang hukum aborsi di Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
Abstrak
Di Ethiopia, angka kematian ibu adalah 676 / 100.000 kelahiran hidup dengan
komplikasi dari aborsi yang tidak aman menjadi penyebab utama. Studi ini dilakukan
untuk menilai pengetahuan praktisi kesehatan reproduksi dari hukum yang mengatur
aborsi di Ethiopia, kesediaan penyedia untuk melakukan prosedur aborsi, dan
perawatan saat ini luas aborsi (CAC) pola praktek dokter, bidan, dan perawat di salah
satu pengajaran rumah sakit di Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Semua saat berlatih kebidanan /
fakultas dokter kandungan dan warga, bidan, dan perawat yang bekerja di kebidanan
dan ginekologi bangsal di salah satu rumah sakit pendidikan umum di Addis Ababa
diundang untuk berpartisipasi dalam survei cross-sectional ini. Sebanyak 50 peserta
menyelesaikan survei. 68% dari sampel, dilaporkan bersedia untuk menyediakan
layanan aborsi, jika ditawarkan pelatihan yang tepat. Peserta yang percaya aborsi yang
tidak aman adalah kontributor besar untuk kesehatan yang buruk dari wanita Ethiopia
hampir tujuh kali lebih mungkin bersedia untuk menyediakan layanan CAC, dan dokter
lebih mungkin dibandingkan non-dokter untuk melaporkan menjadi layanan CAC
nyaman saat ini memberikan. penyedia obstetri dan ginekologi di St. Paul adalah
mendukung penyediaan layanan aborsi, jika mereka dilatih dalam prosedur.
Memastikan pelatihan klinis yang tepat, serta kepekaan terhadap perubahan hukum
baru dan beban aborsi yang tidak aman, adalah hal terpenting untuk memastikan
perempuan Ethiopia memiliki akses ke aborsi yang aman, sebagaimana diizinkan oleh
hukum.

Kata kunci: Ethiopia, aborsi, keluarga berencana

 82. Reproductive health providers willingness to
provide comprehensive abortion services and
knowledge of the abortion law in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
Abstract

In Ethiopia, the maternal mortality ratio is 676/100,000 live births with complications
from unsafe abortion being the leading cause. The current study was conducted to
assess the knowledge of reproductive health practitioners of the law governing abortion
in Ethiopia, the willingness of providers to perform abortion procedures, and current
comprehensive abortion care (CAC) practice patterns of physicians, midwives, and
nurses at one teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. All currently practicing
obstetric/gynecologist faculty and residents, midwives, and nurses working on the
obstetrics and gynecology ward at one public teaching hospital in Addis Ababa were
invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey. A total of 50 participants completed
the survey. 68% of the sample, reported being willing to provide abortion services, if
offered the appropriate training. Participants who believe unsafe abortion is a large
contributor to poor health of Ethiopian women are almost seven times more likely to be
willing to provide CAC services, and physicians are more likely than non-physicians to
report being comfortable currently providing CAC services. Obstetric and gynecological
providers at St. Pauls are supportive of providing abortion services, if they are trained
in the procedure. Ensuring proper clinical training, as well as sensitization to the
recent law change and the burden of unsafe abortion, is of the upmost importance to
ensure Ethiopian women have access to safe abortions, as allowed by law.

Key words: Ethiopia, abortion, family planning.

83. Pengembangan indikator kinerja praktisi perawat
dalam perawatan medis dasar: Menerapkan urutan
kedua analisis faktor konfirmatori

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan indikator kinerja praktisi perawat (NP)
dalam perawatan medis dasar di Thailand. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 langkah:
langkah 1 adalah untuk membangun indikator kinerja NP dalam perawatan medis dasar
dengan mewawancarai tujuh ahli dan enam stakeholder tentang perawatan medis
dasar; langkah 2 adalah untuk memvalidasi indikator kinerja perawatan medis dasar NP
dengan mempertanyakan NP di seluruh negeri. validitas diuji model indikator yang
digunakan orde kedua analisis faktor konfirmatori oleh Program Mplus. Sampel terdiri
510 NP dari 23 provinsi di 4 wilayah Thailand diperoleh dengan menggunakan multi-
stage random sampling. Ada 20 indikator dalam 5 elemen: (1) penilaian dan diagnosis
dengan 5 indikator; (2) peduli, memberikan pengobatan gejala umum dan melakukan
prosedur medis NP dengan 6 indikator; (3) memberikan obat untuk meredakan gejala
atau pengobatan sesuai dengan pedoman dengan 3 indikator; (4) rujukan dan
menindaklanjuti pengobatan dengan 3 indikator; dan (5) melanjutkan perawatan pasien
dengan 3 indikator. Sebuah model indikator kinerja dikembangkan dilengkapi dengan
data empiris. Berat unsur-unsur yang diatur berada di urutan ini: 2, 3, 4, 1 dan 5; bobot
yang 0,986, 0,966, 0,945, 0,899, dan 0,621, masing-masing. Indikator kinerja NP di
Dasar Perawatan Medis memiliki 20 indikator. Indikator yang berasal dari orang yang
terlibat langsung dengan pelayanan kesehatan dasar; Oleh karena itu, indikator ini
dapat diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi NP meningkatkan kinerja.

Kata kunci: Indikator, perawatan kesehatan dasar, praktisi perawat, orde kedua analisis
faktor konfirmatori
84. Development of performance indicators of nurse
practitioners in basic medical care: Applying second
order confirmatory factor analysis

Abstract
This study aimed to develop the performance indicators of nurse practitioners (NPs) in
basic medical care in Thailand. This research was conducted in 2 steps: the 1st step
was to establish performance indicators of NPs in basic medical care by interviewing
seven experts and six stakeholders about basic medical care; the 2nd step was to
validate the basic medical care performance indicators of NPs by questioning NPs
across the country. The tested validity of indicator model used second-order
confirmatory factor analysis by MPlus program. The sample comprised 510 NPs from
23 provinces in 4 regions of Thailand derived by using multi-stage random sampling.
There were 20 indicators in 5 elements: (1) assessment and diagnosis with 5 indicators;
(2) caring, providing treatment of common symptoms and doing NP medical procedures
with 6 indicators; (3) giving medication to relieve symptoms or treatment according to
the guidelines with 3 indicators; (4) a referral and follow up on the treatment with 3
indicators; and (5) continuing patient care with 3 indicators. A model of performance
indicators developed was fitted with empirical data. By weight the arranged elements
were in this order: 2, 3, 4, 1 and 5; the weights were 0.986, 0.966, 0.945, 0.899, and
0.621, respectively. Performance indicators of the NPs in Basic Medical Care had 20
indicators. The indicators were derived from the person directly involved with the basic
medical care; therefore, these indicators can be applied to evaluate the NPs of
enhancing performance.

Key words: Indicators, basic medical care, nurse practitioner, second-order

confirmatory factor analysis
85. Efektivitas intervensi dari "Sehat Umakna Sehat
Anakna" untuk memperbaiki perilaku, pengetahuan
dan sikap ibu hamil terhadap perawatan ibu dan
bayi di Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Abstrak
Perilaku yang dapat mempengaruhi status kesehatan masyarakat tidak terlepas dari
budaya masyarakat itu sendiri dan kebiasaan keluarga dalam pengobatan. Mandailing
Natal (Madina) kabupaten merupakan salah satu daerah dengan angka kematian ibu
dan anak yang tinggi, dan kehidupan masyarakat sangat dipengaruhi oleh tradisi dan
budaya mereka. Ini adalah studi kuasi-eksperimental dengan intervensi dalam bentuk
yang melibatkan anggota masyarakat dalam pelayanan kesehatan melalui
pembentukan tim komunitas kesadaran kesehatan "Sehat Umakna Sehat Anakna".
Populasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi semua ibu hamil di Kabupaten Madina, dan 78
dari mereka dipilih untuk penelitian ini melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data untuk
penelitian ini diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian
ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang dilakukan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan
pada status kesehatan dengan perilaku, pengetahuan dan sikap (nilai p <0,001 terdiri
pengetahuan dengan p = 0,001.) Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa, intervensi telah
membawa dampak dalam meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat terutama bagi
ibu dan bayinya melalui perawatan kesehatan. Pemerintah dan kesehatan pekerja
harus melibatkan anggota masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan program kesehatan dan
memperhatikan budaya lokal.

Kata kunci: Perilaku, pengetahuan, sikap, budaya masyarakat.

 86. The effectiveness of the intervention of Sehat
Umakna Sehat Anakna towards improving the
behavior, knowledge and attitude of pregnant
mother towards maternal and neonatal care in
Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Abstract
Behavior that can influence the status of public health cannot be separated from the
culture of the community itself and family habit in a treatment. Mandailing Natal
(Madina) district is one of the regions with high maternal and child mortality rate, and
the life of the community is very much influenced by their tradition and culture. This is a
quasi-experimental study with an intervention in the form of involving the community
members in health care through the establishment of health awareness community
team Sehat Umakna Sehat Anakna. The population of this study includes all the
pregnant mothers in Madina district, and 78 of them were selected for this study through
purposive sampling technique. The data for this study were obtained through
questionnaire distribution and interviews. The result of this study showed that the
intervention done had a significant influence on the health status with behaviour,
knowledge and attitude (p value < 0.001 comprising knowledge with p = 0.001.) The
conclusion is that, intervention has brought an impact in improving the status of public
health especially for mothers and their babies through health care. The government and
health workers should involve the community members in the implementation of health
program and pay attention to the local culture.

Key words: Behavior, knowledge, attitude, culture of community.

87. Pengalaman perawat perawatan kritis mengenai
pemanfaatan perawat yang terdaftar sebagai staf
bantuan di unit perawatan kritis di sektor swasta
Abstrak
Sebagian besar unit perawatan kritis dalam perawatan kesehatan swasta di Afrika
Selatan yang dikelola di bawah tingkat beban kerja maksimum dan staf tambahan
diimplementasikan bila diperlukan. Staf tambahan sering terdiri dari perawat yang
terdaftar. Dalam konteks Afrika Selatan, perawat yang terdaftar adalah orang yang
terlatih untuk melakukan perawatan dasar dan bekerja di bawah pengawasan langsung
atau tidak langsung dari perawat terdaftar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengeksplorasi pengalaman perawat perawatan kritis mengenai pemanfaatan perawat
yang terdaftar dari bangsal umum sebagai staf bantuan di unit perawatan kritis. Sebuah
desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif diterapkan. Sebuah ukuran sampel n =
15 diambil dari total populasi N = 377, dengan menggunakan teknik purposive
sampling. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa beberapa perawat terdaftar dirasakan unit
perawatan kritis sebagai menakutkan sedangkan yang lain melihat distribusi beban
kerja di antara mereka sendiri dan perawat perawatan kritis sebagai tidak adil dengan
perawat terdaftar merasa dieksploitasi. Para perawat perawatan kritis dirasakan
perawat terdaftar yang berpengalaman sebagai mendukung dan orang-orang dengan
sedikit atau tanpa pengalaman di unit perawatan kritis sebagai beban. pengembangan
staf untuk perawat yang terdaftar yang bekerja di unit perawatan kritis kadang-kadang
ditemukan menjadi minimal dan kemudian beberapa perawat perawatan kritis menolak
kehadiran mereka. Namun, manajemen keperawatan mendorong penggunaan perawat
yang terdaftar di unit perawatan kritis mengandung biaya yang berkaitan dengan tenaga
kerja. perawat terdaftar, yang membantu sesekali di unit perawatan kritis untuk
membatasi pengeluaran yang berkaitan dengan tenaga kerja, membutuhkan
pengawasan serta pengembangan berkelanjutan untuk memastikan perawatan pasien
aman dan berkualitas.

Kata kunci: unit perawatan kritis, rasio pasien-perawat, staf manajemen

88. Experiences of critical care nurses regarding the
utilization of enrolled nurses as relief staff in critical
care units in the private sector
Abstract
Most critical care units in private healthcare in South Africa are staffed below maximum
workload levels and additional staff is supplemented when needed. The additional staff
often consists of enrolled nurses. In South African context, the enrolled nurse is a
person who is trained to perform basic nursing care and works under direct or indirect
supervision of the registered nurse. The aim of this study was to explore the
experiences of critical care nurses regarding the utilization of enrolled nurses from a
general ward as relief staff in critical care units. A descriptive design with a qualitative
approach was applied. A sample size of n=15 was drawn from a total population of
N=377, using purposive sampling technique. The findings demonstrated that some
enrolled nurses perceived the critical care units as frightening whereas others viewed
the distribution of the workload among themselves and the critical care nurse as unfair
with the enrolled nurse feeling exploited. The critical care nurses perceived the
experienced enrolled nurses as supportive and those with little or no experience in the
critical care unit as a burden. Staff development for enrolled nurses who work in critical
care units occasionally was found to be minimal and subsequently some critical care
nurses disapprove their presence. However, nursing management encourage the use of
enrolled nurses in the critical care unit to contain cost pertaining to labour. Enrolled
nurses, who assist occasionally in the critical care unit to limit expenditure pertaining to
labour, require supervision as well as ongoing development to ensure safe and quality
patient care.

Key words: Critical care unit, patient-nurse ratio, staff management.

 89. Pengetahuan tentang tanda-tanda bahaya
kebidanan dan praktek persiapan persalinan pada
wanita hamil di masyarakat pedesaan Timur
Ethiopia

Abstrak
Elemen kunci dari paket rencana kelahiran termasuk pengakuan dari tanda bahaya.
Meskipun ada beberapa penelitian tentang kesiapan lahir dan kesiapan komplikasi di
Ethiopia; kebanyakan dari mereka dipelajari perempuan menghadiri pemeriksaan
kehamilan. Selain itu, tidak ada data di bagian timur negara itu di mana budaya yang
lebih liberal dan tanaman kas adalah andalan mata pencaharian. Penelitian ini
mengeksplorasi hubungan antara pengetahuan tanda bahaya kebidanan dan kesiapan
lahir pada wanita hamil di masyarakat pedesaan. Sebuah sectional studi berbasis
masyarakat lintas dilakukan di Kecamatan Debre Teyara (Woreda) Pedesaan Harari
Region di Timur Ethiopia dari Maret sampai Mei 2013. Ukuran sampel ditentukan
dengan menggunakan rumus untuk estimasi proporsi populasi tunggal. Sebanyak 436
wanita hamil yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling.
Sebuah pra diuji pewawancara diberikan kuesioner terstruktur digunakan untuk
mengumpulkan data yang relevan. Data dikodekan dan masuk ke dalam dan dianalisis
menggunakan SPSS for windows versi 20. multivariabel analisis regresi logistik
digunakan untuk prediktor independen terisolasi dari kesiapan lahir baik. Dari 423
responden, 42,8% (181/423) dari wanita hamil memiliki kesiapan lahir baik. Sebanyak
28,6, 28,6 dan 40,9% memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang tanda bahaya
kandungan selama kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas, masing-masing. Tanda-tanda
bahaya utama selama kehamilan yang disebutkan adalah pendarahan vagina (75,5%)
dan sakit kepala berat (68,8%), sedangkan pendarahan parah vagina (81,1%) dan
partus lama (39,2%) disebutkan menjadi tanda bahaya selama persalinan. Pendarahan
hebat vagina (68,3%) dan bengkak tangan / wajah selama periode postpartum (44,7%)
dinyatakan menjadi tanda bahaya pada periode post partum. Pada model regresi
logistik multivariabel, wanita yang memiliki suami melek 2,8 kali lebih mungkin untuk
memiliki kesiapan yang baik (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2,83; 95% confidence interval
(CI) = 1,423, 5,655). ibu melek yang 2,46 kali lebih mungkin melahirkan disiapkan (AOR
= 2,46; 95% CI = 1,09, 5.57). Demikian juga, wanita yang memulai kunjungan antenatal
pertama sebelum empat bulan kehamilan yang 15,5 kali lebih mungkin untuk memiliki
kesiapan lahir baik (AOR = 15,50; 95% CI = 3,713, 64,67). Hal itu juga mengamati
bahwa, wanita yang memiliki dua atau lebih kunjungan ANC hampir dua kali lebih
mungkin untuk memiliki kesiapan lahir baik (AOR = 1,96; 95% CI = 1,13, 3.41). Wanita
dengan pengetahuan yang baik tentang tanda bahaya kebidanan selama kehamilan
(AOR = 2,517; 95% CI = 1,39, 4.55) dan periode postnatal (AOR = 2,245; 95% CI =
1,26, 3,97) juga lebih mungkin untuk menjadi lahir disiapkan daripada mereka yang
tidak pengetahuan ini. kehadiran pelayanan antenatal, pengetahuan tentang tanda-
tanda bahaya kebidanan dan status keaksaraan perempuan itu dan suaminya adalah
prediktor kuat dari praktik persiapan persalinan. Temuan ini menyiratkan perlunya
komunikasi perubahan perilaku pada tanda-tanda bahaya kebidanan dan pentingnya
awal inisiasi ANC menindaklanjuti, terutama untuk perempuan buta huruf untuk
menurunkan angka kematian ibu.
Kata kunci: Persiapan persalinan, kesiapan komplikasi, kelahiran

90. Knowledge of obstetric danger signs and birth

preparedness practices among pregnant women in
rural communities of Eastern Ethiopia
Abstrat
Key elements of the birth plan package include recognition of danger signs. Although
there are some studies on birth preparedness and complication readiness in Ethiopia;
most of them studied women attending antenatal care. Moreover, there is no data on
the eastern part of the country where the culture is more liberal and cash crop is the
mainstay of the livelihood. This study explored the association between knowledge of
obstetric danger signs and birth preparedness among pregnant women in rural
communities. A cross sectional community based study was conducted in Dere Teyara
District (Woreda) of Rural Harari Region in the Eastern Ethiopia from March to May,
2013. The sample size was determined using formula for estimation of single population
proportion. A total of 436 pregnant women were selected using simple random sampling
technique. A pre tested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to
collect relevant data. The data were coded and entered into and analyzed using SPSS
for windows version 20. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to isolated
independent predictors of good birth preparedness. Out of 423 respondents, 42.8%
(181/423) of the pregnant women had good birth preparedness. A total of 28.6, 28.6
and 40.9% had good knowledge on obstetrical danger sign during pregnancy, delivery
and post-partum period, respectively. The main danger signs during pregnancy
mentioned were vaginal bleeding (75.5%) and severe headache (68.8%), while severe
vaginal bleeding (81.1%) and prolonged labor (39.2%) were mentioned to be danger
signs during delivery. Severe vaginal bleeding (68.3%) and swollen hands/face during
the postpartum period (44.7%) were stated to be danger signs in the post partum
period. On multivariable logistic regression model, women who had literate husbands
were 2.8 times more likely to have good preparedness (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.83;
95% confidence interval (CI)=1.423, 5.655). Literate mothers were 2.46 times more
likely to be birth prepared (AOR=2.46; 95% CI= 1.09, 5.57). Likewise, women who
started the first antenatal visit before four months of pregnancy were 15.5 times more
likely to have good birth preparedness (AOR=15.50; 95% CI=3.713, 64.67). It was also
observed that, women who had two or more ANC visits were nearly twice as likely to
have good birth preparedness (AOR=1.96; 95% CI=1.13, 3.41). Women with good
knowledge on obstetric danger signs during pregnancy (AOR=2.517; 95% CI=1.39,
4.55) and postnatal period (AOR=2.245; 95% CI=1.26, 3.97) were also more likely to be
birth prepared than those without this knowledge. Antenatal care attendance,
knowledge about obstetric danger signs and literacy status of the woman and her
husband were strong predictors of birth preparedness practices. The findings imply the
need for behavior change communication on obstetric danger signs and the importance
early initiation of ANC follow up, especially to illiterate women to reduce maternal
mortality.

Key word: Birth preparedness, complication readiness, birth

 91. Pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik perawat pada
pencegahan penularan dari ibu-ke-bayi (PMTCT)
dari virus immuno-kekurangan manusia (HIV) di
Rumah Sakit Spesialis, Maiduguri, Borno Negara

Abstrak
Wanita hamil yang hidup dengan virus immuno-kekurangan manusia (HIV) berada pada
risiko penularan HIV kepada bayinya. Sebagian besar penularan ini terjadi selama
kehamilan, persalinan dan melahirkan dan selama menyusui. Perawat / bidan sebagai
agen perubahan memiliki peran penting untuk bermain dalam memastikan pencegahan
penularan ibu ke anak. kinerja yang efektif dan efisien dari peran ini oleh perawat
didasarkan pada pengetahuan yang memadai mereka, sikap dan praktik. Penelitian ini
menilai pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek perawat di Spesialis Negara Rumah Sakit
Maiduguri terhadap pencegahan penularan dari ibu ke anak-transmission (PMTCT)
HIV. Ini adalah survei sectional deskriptif lintas. Sebuah sampel total 50 perawat
berpartisipasi dalam penelitian dan data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang
dikembangkan sendiri dan divalidasi. Analisis dilakukan secara manual; statistik
deskriptif dari jumlah frekuensi dan persentase digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan
penelitian. Usia rata-rata responden adalah 40 6,2 tahun. Banyak perawat memiliki
beberapa sumber informasi tentang PMTCT; sayangnya beberapa sumber informasi
tidak diterjemahkan secara signifikan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta seperti
yang ditunjukkan oleh pengetahuan yang rendah tentang PMTCT HIV (65,7%).
Penelitian lebih lanjut mengungkapkan negativisme umum dalam sikap (41,8%)
responden terhadap pencegahan penularan ibu ke anak HIV. persentase lebih besar
dari responden menunjukkan sikap diskriminatif terhadap perempuan hamil yang hidup
dengan HIV / AIDS. Praktek PMTCT umumnya sangat rendah (56,9%). Studi ini
menunjukkan bahwa perawat di Rumah Sakit Spesialis Negara Maiduguri yang tidak
cukup informasi tentang masalah-masalah praktis dalam pencegahan MTCT HIV. Oleh
karena itu mereka cacat memainkan peran yang efektif dalam aspek penting dari
pencegahan HIV. Sensitisasi, peningkatan kapasitas dan pengaturan klinis yang tepat
tetap aset yang sangat diperlukan untuk hasil intervensi yang berarti.
Kata kunci: Pencegahan ibu ke anak-transmission (PMTCT), pengetahuan, sikap,
praktek, Maiduguri.
92. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses on
prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) in State
Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State

Abstract

Pregnant women living with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection are at risk of
transmitting HIV to their babies. Most of this transmission occurs during pregnancy,
labour and delivery and during breast feeding. The nurse/midwife as a change agent
has an important role to play in ensuring prevention of mother to child transmission.
Effective and efficient performance of this role by nurses is predicated on their adequate
knowledge, attitude and practices. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and
practice of nurses in State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri towards the prevention of
mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. This is a descriptive cross sectional
survey. A total sample of 50 nurses participated in the study and data was collected
through a self-developed and validated questionnaire. Analysis was done manually;
descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages was used to answer research
questions. The mean age of respondents was 40 6.2 years. Many of the nurses had
multiple sources of information on PMTCT; unfortunately multiple sources of information
did not translate significantly to improved knowledge of the participants as shown by
their low knowledge on PMTCT of HIV (65.7%). The study further reveals a general
negativism in the attitudes (41.8%) of respondents towards prevention of mother to child
transmission of HIV. Greater percentage of the respondents showed a discriminatory
attitude towards pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS. The practice of PMTCT was
generally very low (56.9%). This study demonstrates that nurses in State Specialist
Hospital Maiduguri are inadequately informed on practical issues in the prevention of
MTCT of HIV. They are therefore handicapped to play an effective role in this important
aspect of prevention of HIV. Sensitization, capacity building and appropriate clinical
settings remain indispensable assets for meaningful intervention results.

Key words: Prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT), knowledge, attitude,

practice, Maiduguri.

93. Kepuasan ibu mengenai kualitas asuhan

keperawatan selama persalinan dan melahirkan di
Sulaimani rumah sakit pendidikan

Abstrak

Bagi banyak wanita, persalinan dan melahirkan adalah saat kegembiraan dan antisipasi
bersama ketidakpastian, kecemasan, ketakutan dan rasa sakit. Kenangan dan
pengalaman melahirkan tetap dengan wanita sepanjang hidupnya. Jelas, dukungan dan
perawatan yang mereka terima selama periode ini sangat penting. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas pelayanan keperawatan yang ditawarkan selama
periode intrapartum dan postpartum, kepuasan pasien dengan perawatan dan untuk
menemukan hubungan antara kepuasan ibu dan beberapa variabel misalnya, usia ibu,
pendidikan, durasi kerja dan riwayat reproduksi. Sebuah penelitian deskriptif dilakukan
dari 22 April, 2013 sampai 15 Februari 2014. Sampel purposive perempuan (200)
postpartum, yang disampaikan di rumah sakit pendidikan bersalin. Kuesioner terdiri dari
dua bagian: karakteristik sosio-demografis dan Sejarah kehamilan dan pandangan
Wanita Kepuasan Kerja kelahiran Angket (WQBLS4). Data dikumpulkan melalui
wawancara dan dianalisis melalui penerapan pendekatan statistik deskriptif dan
inferensial dengan paket statisitical untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial (SPSS) (17.0) Program.
ANOVA (F) test digunakan dalam penilaian statistik dan angka p <0,05 dianggap
sebagai signifikan secara statistik. Temuan penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa wanita
merasa puas tentang harapan mereka dari proses persalinan, panjang dan memegang
bayi mereka, dukungan dari suami dan kerabat mereka, selain mereka sangat puas
dengan item yang terkait dengan dukungan profesional, lingkungan dan kepuasan
umum. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor utama yang diidentifikasi sebagai
mempengaruhi kepuasan dan ketidakpuasan yang, pengasuh dan interaksi klien,
karakteristik pengaturan, keterlibatan klien dalam proses peduli, persepsi perawat
karakteristik klien, hasil kerja bagi ibu dan bayi.
Kata kunci: Kepuasan, perawatan, tenaga kerja.
94. Maternal satisfaction regarding quality of nursing
care during labor and delivery in Sulaimani teaching
hospital
Abstract

For many women, labour and childbirth is a time of excitement and anticipation
alongside uncertainty, anxiety, fear and pain. The memories and experiences of
childbirth remain with the woman throughout her life. Clearly, the support and care they
receive during this period is critical. The study aims to assess quality of nursing care
offered during intrapartum and postpartum periods, patient satisfaction with care and
to find the relationship between maternal satisfaction and some variables example,
maternal age, education, duration of labor and reproductive history. A descriptive study
was carried out from 22 April, 2013 through 15 February, 2014. A purposive sample of
(200) postpartum women, delivered at the maternity teaching hospital. A questionnaire
was comprised of two parts: socio-demographic characteristics and History of
pregnancy and Women's views of birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire (WQBLS4).
Data were collected through interview and analyzed through the application of
descriptive and inferential statistical approaches by statisitical package for social
sciences (SPSS) (17.0) program. ANOVA (F) test was used in the statistical
assessment and the figure of p<0.05 was considered as the statistically significant. The
study findings, indicate that women were satisfied regarding their expectations of the
childbirth process, length and holding their baby, support from husband and their
relative, in addition they were strongly satisfied with items related to professional
support, environment and general satisfaction. The study concludes that the main
factors identified as influencing satisfaction and dissatisfaction were, caregivers and
client interaction, the characteristics of the setting, the involvement of clients in the
caring process, the nurses perception of client characteristics, the outcome of labour for
both mother and baby.

Key words: Satisfaction, nursing care, labour.

 95. Comparing Two Treatment Methods of Vitamin E
Suppository and Conjugated Estrogen Vaginal Cream on
the Quality of Life in Menopausal Women with Vaginal
Atrophy
Aazam Parnan Emamverdikhan(MSc)1, Nahid Golmakani (MSc)2*, Noorieh SharifiSistani
(PhD)3, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri (PhD)4, Malihe Hasanzade Mofrad(MD)5, Abolghasem
Sajadi Tabassi (PhD)6

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Menopause is one of the most critical stages in a womans life. Special
attention needs to be paid to the quality of life of menopausal women. Symptoms of
genitourinary atrophy can affect womens comfort and quality of life. The aim of this study was
to compare two treatment methods of vitamin E suppository and conjugated estrogens vaginal
cream on the quality of life of menopausal women with vaginal atrophy. Methods: This clinical
trial was performed on 52 menopausal women (40-65 years old), referring to the gynecology
clinic of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Women were randomly assigned to two
groups to use either conjugated estrogens vaginal cream or vitamin E suppository for 12 weeks.
Womens quality of life was measured in both groups before the study and 4, 8 and 12 weeks
after the interventions. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and
Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. Fishers exact test, repeated
measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and t-test were performed to analyze data, using SPSS
version 11.5. Results: The mean scores of quality of life before intervention and after 4, 8 and 12
weeks of therapy were 70.0326.34, 53.9623.75, 43.0320.62 and 3318.26 in vitamin E
suppository group, respectively. These values in the estrogen cream group were 6427.83,
50.7621.51, 37.2320.96 and 29.5318.65, respectively. Comparison of quality of life scores
between the two groups did not show a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion:
The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the effectiveness of two methods of
therapy. Therefore, it seems that vitamin E suppository could be used as an effective method for
the improvement of quality of life in patients with vaginal atrophy
 96. TheComparison of Knowledge and Attitude of
Midwifery and Nursing Students towards Natural
Childbirth and Cesarean Section
Zeinab Heidari (PhD)1, Shahnaz Kohan (PhD)2*
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Cesarean section (CS) rates have been increasing steadily, worldwide. The
knowledge and attitude of health professionals towards natural childbirth and CS are important
factors in selecting a mode of delivery. The purpose of this study was to determine the
knowledge and attitude of midwifery and nursing students towards different modes of delivery.
Methods: In this descriptive, analytical study, 73 junior students of nursing and midwifery from
Isfahan School of Nursing and Midwifery were selected via census sampling. Data were
collected using a questionnaire. For statistical analysis, students ttest, Mann-Whitney and
Pearson correlation coefficient were performed, using SPSS version 18. Results: The results
showed that the 74.20% of midwifery students had a high level of knowledge about natural
childbirth and the majority of nursing students had moderate (52.40%) and high (40.5%) levels
of knowledge about natural childbirth. Moreover, the 80.60% of midwifery students and 28.6%
of nursing students had a high level of knowledge about CS. Also, 97% of midwifery students
and 78.6% of nursing students had a positive attitude towards natural childbirth. Moreover the
93.5% of midwifery students had neutral attitude about CS, while 6.5% had a negative attitude
towards CS. Also, 5% of nursing students had a positive attitude towards CS, while 95% had
neutral attitude about CS. Conclusion: The majority of midwifery and nursing students in answer
to questions about attitude towards CS, expressed neutral attitude. Therefore, it is important to
discourage positive attitudes towards elective CS while training nursing and midwifery students.
 97. The
Severity of Dysmenorrhea and its Relationship
with Body Mass Index among Female Adolescents in
Hamadan, Iran
Batool Khodakarami (MSc)1, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi (PhD)2*, Javad Faradmal (PhD)3,
Mojgan Nazari (PhD)4, Maryam Saadati (BSc)5, Fatemeh Sharifi (BSc)5, Maryam Shakhbabaei
(BSc)5

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common problem among women, resulting in a
decline in their performance level and quality of life. Previous studies have not indicated a
definite relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dysmenorrhea. Therefore, this study
aimed to determine the severity of dysmenorrhea and investigate its relationship with BMI
among female adolescents in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted
on 579 single, female adolescents in schools of Hamadan, Iran in 2011. Students with primary
dysmenorrhea (without any other conditions) were selected, using random cluster sampling.
Demographic characteristics and menstrual cycle information were collected, using two separate
questionnaires. BMI was recorded in all participants and visual analogue scale was applied for
pain assessment. Chi-square, t-test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used to
examine the relationship between variables. Data were analyzed, using SPSS version 16. P-value
less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age, BMI and age at
menarche in participants were 15.941.17 years, 21.163.36 kg/m2 and 12.92 1.05 years,
respectively. The frequency of dysmenorrhea was estimated to be 85.31%. The frequency and
severity of dysmenorrhea was higher in the normal-weight group than other subjects. No
relationship was seen between the severity and duration of dysmenorrhea with BMI. But
dysmenorrhea had a significant relationship with age at menarche and premenstrual syndrome (P
98. Womens Psychological Stress and Obstetric Disorders
Seyedeh Negar Assadi (MD)*
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Occupational exposures can cause problems such as reproductive system
disorders; however, the effects of some exposures, such as psychological stress, have not been
investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the effects of womens psychological stress on
obstetric disorders. Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 1400 working
women in Mashhad, Iran. Data collection was conducted through completing a check list and a
questionnaire on psychological stress and obstetric disorders as well as subsequent interviews
with participants on health issues. After completing the questionnaire, the participants were
divided into four groups according to their level of psychological stress. Frequencies of
reproductive disorders were compared among the four groups. To analyze the data, t-test,
ANOVA, Chi-squared and Fishers exact tests were carried out using SPSS. P-value less than
0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that group four with the most
severe psychological stress and the lowest age had the highest risk of reproductive disorders
including spontaneous abortion and placental abruption. Conclusion: In this study, severe stress
had a significant relationship with the risk of some obstetric complications. It is therefore
recommended to use stress management techniques in order to reduce psychological stress,
which in turn could prevent its adverse effects.

99. Maternal Knowledge on Postpartum Care in

Healthcare Centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2013
Khadijeh Mirzaee (PhD)1, Somayyeh Oladi Ghadikolaee (MSc)2*, Mohamad Taghi Shakeri
(PhD)3, Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz (MD)4
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: During the postpartum period, women experience physiological changes,
which can have negative impacts on their quality of life. Womens knowledge regarding
postpartum complications and care can help them successfully pass this critical period. The aim
of this study was to evaluate maternal knowledge on postpartum care in healthcare centers of
Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 500 eligible mothers
were randomly selected via multistage sampling from 19 healthcare centers of Mashhad. Data
collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire for
assessing maternal knowledge. Descriptive and analytical statistics, independent t-test, analysis
of variance, Pearsons correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis were applied,
using SPSS version 16. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:
Among 500 mothers referring to healthcare centers, 64 (12.8%), 396 (79.2%) and 40 (8.0%)
cases had poor, moderate and high levels of knowledge, respectively. The majority of mothers
had moderate knowledge about four dimensions of public health, breastfeeding and nutrition,
contraceptive methods and infant care. The subjects had the highest and lowest levels of
knowledge about public health and contraceptive methods, respectively. The results showed a
significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge and demographic characteristics
such as educational status, employment status and income level (P

100. The Relationship between Stress Coping Styles and

Quality of Life among Patients with Breast Cancer
Negin Maleknia (MSC) , Farhad Kahrazei (PhD) *
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between
stress coping styles and quality of life (QOL) among patients with breast cancer. Methods: This
descriptive correlational study was conducted on 50 patients with breast cancer, selected via
convenience sampling in Kerman, Iran. To collect data Stress Coping Strategy Scale (Moss and
Billings, 1982) and the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30, version 3.0) were
used. For data analysis, Pearsons correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were
conducted using SPSS version 21. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship
between problemfocused coping strategies and two dimensions of QOL including total
symptoms and functional scale (P=0.01). In addition, emotion-focused coping strategies had a
significant negative correlation with total symptoms and functional dimension of QOL (P=0.01).
Emotion-focused coping styles predicted a higher rate of the variance in the functional
dimension of QOL compared to problem-focused coping styles (34.7% vs. 26.2%). The
functional scale was significantly correlated with problem-focused coping styles (P=0.001 and
= 0.512), indicating the predictive value of this scale. Moreover, the functional dimension of
QOL was significantly correlated with emotion-focused coping strategies (P=0.001 and =-
0.612), showing the significance of this scale as a negative predictor. Conclusion: Problem-
focused coping styles had the most significant contribution to the functional scale of QOL. Thus
it can be concluded that usig problem-focused coping styles can be effective for adjusting the
psychological reactions of patients and coping with the disease in the breast cancer patients.

101. The Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude of

Midwifery and Nursing Students towards Natural
Childbirth and Cesarean Section
Zeinab Heidari (PhD)1, Shahnaz Kohan (PhD)2*
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Cesarean section (CS) rates have been increasing steadily, worldwide. The
knowledge and attitude of health professionals towards natural childbirth and CS are important
factors in selecting a mode of delivery. The purpose of this study was to determine the
knowledge and attitude of midwifery and nursing students towards different modes of delivery.
Methods: In this descriptive, analytical study, 73 junior students of nursing and midwifery from
Isfahan School of Nursing and Midwifery were selected via census sampling. Data were
collected using a questionnaire. For statistical analysis, students ttest, Mann-Whitney and
Pearson correlation coefficient were performed, using SPSS version 18. Results: The results
showed that the 74.20% of midwifery students had a high level of knowledge about natural
childbirth and the majority of nursing students had moderate (52.40%) and high (40.5%) levels
of knowledge about natural childbirth. Moreover, the 80.60% of midwifery students and 28.6%
of nursing students had a high level of knowledge about CS. Also, 97% of midwifery students
and 78.6% of nursing students had a positive attitude towards natural childbirth. Moreover the
93.5% of midwifery students had neutral attitude about CS, while 6.5% had a negative attitude
towards CS. Also, 5% of nursing students had a positive attitude towards CS, while 95% had
neutral attitude about CS. Conclusion: The majority of midwifery and nursing students in answer
to questions about attitude towards CS, expressed neutral attitude. Therefore, it is important to
discourage positive attitudes towards elective CS while training nursing and midwifery studen

102. The
Severity of Dysmenorrhea and its Relationship
with Body Mass Index among Female Adolescents in
Hamadan, Iran
Batool Khodakarami (MSc)1, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi (PhD)2*Batool Khodakarami (MSc)1,
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi (PhD)2*, Javad Faradmal (PhD)3, Mojgan Nazari (PhD)4, Maryam
Saadati (BSc)5, Fatemeh Sharifi (BSc)5,
ABSTRAK

Background & aim: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common problem among women, resulting in a
decline in their performance level and quality of life. Previous studies have not indicated a
definite relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dysmenorrhea. Therefore, this study
aimed to determine the severity of dysmenorrhea and investigate its relationship with BMI
among female adolescents in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted
on 579 single, female adolescents in schools of Hamadan, Iran in 2011. Students with primary
dysmenorrhea (without any other conditions) were selected, using random cluster sampling.
Demographic characteristics and menstrual cycle information were collected, using two separate
questionnaires. BMI was recorded in all participants and visual analogue scale was applied for
pain assessment. Chi-square, t-test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used to
examine the relationship between variables. Data were analyzed, using SPSS version 16. P-value
less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age, BMI and age at
menarche in participants were 15.941.17 years, 21.163.36 kg/m2 and 12.92 1.05 years,
respectively. The frequency of dysmenorrhea was estimated to be 85.31%. The frequency and
severity of dysmenorrhea was higher in the normal-weight group than other subjects. No
relationship was seen between the severity and duration of dysmenorrhea with BMI. But
dysmenorrhea had a significant relationship with age at menarche and premenstrual syndrome (P
 103. Womens Psychological Stress and Obstetric
Disorders
Seyedeh Negar Assadi (MD)*
ABSTRAC

Background & aim: Occupational exposures can cause problems such as reproductive system
disorders; however, the effects of some exposures, such as psychological stress, have not been
investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the effects of womens psychological stress on
obstetric disorders. Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 1400 working
women in Mashhad, Iran. Data collection was conducted through completing a check list and a
questionnaire on psychological stress and obstetric disorders as well as subsequent interviews
with participants on health issues. After completing the questionnaire, the participants were
divided into four groups according to their level of psychological stress. Frequencies of
reproductive disorders were compared among the four groups. To analyze the data, t-test,
ANOVA, Chi-squared and Fishers exact tests were carried out using SPSS. P-value less than
0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that group four with the most
severe psychological stress and the lowest age had the highest risk of reproductive disorders
including spontaneous abortion and placental abruption. Conclusion: In this study, severe stress
had a significant relationship with the risk of some obstetric complications. It is therefore
recommended to use stress management techniques in order to reduce psychological stress,
which in turn could prevent its adverse effects.
 104. Maternal Knowledge on Postpartum Care in
Healthcare Centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2013
Khadijeh Mirzaee (PhD)1, Somayyeh Oladi Ghadikolaee (MSc)2*, Mohamad Taghi Shakeri
(PhD)3, Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz (MD)4
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: During the postpartum period, women experience physiological changes,
which can have negative impacts on their quality of life. Womens knowledge regarding
postpartum complications and care can help them successfully pass this critical period. The aim
of this study was to evaluate maternal knowledge on postpartum care in healthcare centers of
Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 500 eligible mothers
were randomly selected via multistage sampling from 19 healthcare centers of Mashhad. Data
collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire for
assessing maternal knowledge. Descriptive and analytical statistics, independent t-test, analysis
of variance, Pearsons correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis were applied,
using SPSS version 16. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:
Among 500 mothers referring to healthcare centers, 64 (12.8%), 396 (79.2%) and 40 (8.0%)
cases had poor, moderate and high levels of knowledge, respectively. The majority of mothers
had moderate knowledge about four dimensions of public health, breastfeeding and nutrition,
contraceptive methods and infant care. The subjects had the highest and lowest levels of
knowledge about public health and contraceptive methods, respectively. The results showed a
significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge and demographic characteristics
such as educational status, employment status and income level
 105. The Effect of Hand and Foot Massage on Post-
Cesarean Pain and Anxiety
Morvarid Irani (MSc)1, Masoumeh Kordi (MSc)2*, Fatemeh Tara (MD)3, Hamid Reza Bahrami
(MD)4, Kievan Shariati Nejad (MSc)5
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Pain and anxiety are the most common complications after cesarean section.
The use of medications is the most common strategy for alleviating these problems. However,
the adverse effects of these drugs and lack of access to them for some patients, has led to an
increase in application of non-drug methods such as massage. Methods: This blind clinical trial
was performed in Omolbanin Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. A total of 80 pregnant women referring
to maternity ward for elective cesarean, who had the inclusion criteria were selected through
convenience sampling method. Subsequently, the participants were randomly assigned to two
groups, and the visual analog scale was used to determine the level of pain and anxiety. Each
foot and hand was massaged for five minutes, and then the levels of pain and anxiety were
evaluated before the intervention and immediately, 60 and 90 minutes after the intervention.
Data were analyzed performing Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, repeated measures ANOVA and
Bonferroni test using SPSS, version 16. Results: The findings of this study showed that there was
no significant difference between the two groups concerning their levels of pain and anxiety
before the massage (P>0.05). However, the levels of pain and anxiety significantly decreased in
the intervention group, immediately, 60 and 90 minutes after the intervention
 106. The Relationship between Stress Coping Styles and
Quality of Life among Patients with Breast Cancer
Negin Maleknia (MSC) , Farhad Kahrazei (PhD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between
stress coping styles and quality of life (QOL) among patients with breast cancer. Methods: This
descriptive correlational study was conducted on 50 patients with breast cancer, selected via
convenience sampling in Kerman, Iran. To collect data Stress Coping Strategy Scale (Moss and
Billings, 1982) and the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30, version 3.0) were
used. For data analysis, Pearsons correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were
conducted using SPSS version 21. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship
between problemfocused coping strategies and two dimensions of QOL including total
symptoms and functional scale (P=0.01). In addition, emotion-focused coping strategies had a
significant negative correlation with total symptoms and functional dimension of QOL (P=0.01).
Emotion-focused coping styles predicted a higher rate of the variance in the functional
dimension of QOL compared to problem-focused coping styles (34.7% vs. 26.2%). The
functional scale was significantly correlated with problem-focused coping styles (P=0.001 and
= 0.512), indicating the predictive value of this scale. Moreover, the functional dimension of
QOL was significantly correlated with emotion-focused coping strategies (P=0.001 and =-
0.612), showing the significance of this scale as a negative predictor. Conclusion: Problem-
focused coping styles had the most significant contribution to the functional scale of QOL. Thus
it can be concluded that usig problem-focused coping styles can be effective for adjusting the
psychological reactions of patients and coping with the disease in the breast cancer patients.
107. Ovarian Torsion in Postmenopausal Women and risk
of malignancy
Zohreh Yousefi (MD)1, Marjaneh Farazestanian (MD)2, Mansoureh Mottaghi (MD)2*, Nasrin
Pourmoghadam (MD)3
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Ovarian torsion is one of the most common causes of emergency surgery in
gynecology, with a tendency to occur in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to
provide information concerning the clinical presentations, surgical management, pathological
findings and risk of malignancy in postmenopausal women with ovarian torsion. Methods: In this
cross-sectional study, the risk of malignancy was assessed in postmenopausal women with
ovarian torsion, who admitted to the Tumor Clinic of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in 2013.
Frozen section technique was applied in patients undergoing laparotomy. The recorded data
included patients age and symptoms, tumor markers, type of surgery, radiological findings and
pathological results. Results: Among 44 menopausal patients with pelvic masses, 10 women
were selected. The most common symptom was acute abdominopelvic pain (100%). In ultrasonic
evaluation, complex ovarian mass was the most frequent finding. Free fluid in the pelvis was
reported in 30% of cases. Moreover, serous tumor was the most common pathological finding.
Malignancy was reported in 20% of cases; therefore, surgical staging was carried out for these
patients. Conclusion: Ovarian torsion is a differential diagnosis in postmenopausal women with
acute symptoms of lower abdominal or pelvic pain. Risk of malignancy due to adnexal masses
should be considered in these patients.
108. Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis and Pregnancy: A
Case Report
Marzieh Lotfalizadeh (MD)1, Mahnaz Broumand Rezazadeh(MD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Elevated triglyceride levels in women with hereditary forms of
hypertriglyceridemia may involve the risk of pancreatic attacks during pregnancy. Case report:
In this study, we present the clinical course of a 42-year-old pregnant woman with two vaginal
deliveries and one cesarean section (gravidity: 4, parity: 3, live: 2, death: 1) admitted to our
hospital. Gestational age was 33-34 weeks based on the last menstrual period and ultrasound
results. Although hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis were controlled by pancreatitis treatment,
intrauterine fetal death occurred in the patient. In addition, fish oil, gemfibrozil and antum were
administered to decrease serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Finally, the patient was discharged with
good general conditions and a TG level of 200 mg/dl four weeks after the onset of the disease.
Conclusion: Hyperlipidemic pancreatitis is associated with maternal and fetal mortality and
morbidity. Therefore, treatments should be initiated immediately after the diagnosis of this
disease during pregnancy. Complications caused by elevated TG levels could be prevented with
appropriate and timely interventions.
 109. Effects of Web-based Training and Educational
Simulation on Midwifery Students Self-Confidence in
Postpartum Hemorrhage Management
Masoumeh Kordi (MSc)1, Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari (MSc)2*, Talaat Khadivzadeh (PhD)1,
Seyed Reza Mazloum (MSc)3, Farideh Akhlaghi (PhD)4, Mahmoud Tara (PhD)5
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Self-confidence, as one of the key elements of clinical competence, plays an
important role in ones actions and behaviours. Selection of proper instructional methods
influences students self-confidence. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of web-
based training and educational simulation on midwifery students self-confidence in postpartum
hemorrhage management. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 44 midwifery
students of Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad, Iran, in 2013. The subjects
were selected via convenience sampling. The web-based group was trained at the clinical skill
laboratory of School of Nursing and Midwifery; both groups were taught the same educational
content. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, visual analogue scale to
evaluate students' self-assessment of their ability to manage postpartum hemorrhage and C-scale
to measure students' self-confidence Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, paired t-test, and
two-way ANOVA were performed, using SPSS version 11.5. Results: Both groups showed a
significant increase in self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management one month after
the training (P=0.003 and P=0.030 in webbased and simulation groups, respectively). No
significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of self-confidence in
postpartum hemorrhage management. Conclusion: Since the two groups showed no significance
difference in self-confidence, web-based education, which is a more accessible method, could be
applied as an alternative to the conventional method of simulation.
110. The Effect of Birth Ball Exercises during Pregnancy
on Mode of Delivery in Primiparous Women
Kobra Mirzakhani (MSc)1, Zahra Hejazinia (MSc)2*, Nahid Golmakani (MSc)3, Mohammad
Ali Sardar (PhD)4, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri (PhD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Considering the fact that cesarean section (c-section) poses greater risks of
maternal and neonatal complications, compared to vaginal delivery, scholars seek different
strategies to decrease the prevalence of this surgical procedure. Birth ball exercises during
pregnancy are among the proposed strategies. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of
using birth ball during pregnancy on mode of delivery in primiparous women. Methods: This
clinical trial was conducted on 54 women, referring to the maternity ward of Omolbanin
Hospital. Subjects were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention
group performed birth ball exercises for 4-6 weeks; on the other hand, the control group only
received routine care. Data were collected using questionnaires, forms of examination and
observation, and checklists for recording exercise movements on a weekly basis. Chi-square,
Fishers exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were performed, using SPSS version 16. Results:
Rates of vaginal delivery and c-section in the intervention group were 92.6% and 7.4%,
respectively, while the corresponding values in the control group were 66.7% and 33.3%,
respectively. Chi-square showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of
mode of delivery (P=0.018). Conclusion: Considering the significance of promoting vaginal
delivery among women, performing birth ball exercises is recommended as a useful, non-
pharmacological, and inexpensive strategy for reducing c-section rate.
111. The Relationship between Demographic Factors and
Gender Role Attitudes in Women Referring to Mashhad
Health Care Centers in 2014
Elham Fazeli (MSc)1, Nahid Golmakani (MSc)2*, Ali Taghipour (PhD)3, Mohammad Taghi
Shakeri (PhD)4
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Gender roles are affected by biosocial and cultural factors. These roles have
significant impacts on ones professional, social, and family life. Therefore, given the recent
changes in gender roles in Iran, we aimed to determine the relationship between demographic
factors and gender role attitudes among women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was
conducted on 712 females, selected via stratified sampling. Data were collected using a
demographic checklist and a gender role questionnaire including 2 sections: gender role
stereotypes and gender egalitarianism. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by
content validity and its reliability was verified by internal consistency (=0.77). For data
analysis, ANOVA and correlation coefficient tests were performed, using SPSS version16.
Results: The mean scores of gender role stereotypes and egalitarianism were 29.554.33 and
112.5514.64, respectively. Stereotypic and egalitarian attitudes were significantly correlated
with age, family size, duration of marriage, womens age at first childbirth, educational level,
intentions to pursue education in future, and occupational status. Conclusion: As to the finding,
gender role attitudes were influenced by social, economic, and demographic factors in Iran. By
paying attention to these factors, we can implement proper interventions in order to promote
personal and social health among women.
 112. Body Image and Quality of Life in Female Patients
with Breast Cancer and Healthy Women
Mozhgan Bagheri (MSc)1, Mehrdad Mazaheri (PhD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the relationship between
body image and quality of life in female patients with breast cancer and healthy women.
Methods: In the current descriptive, causal, comparative, cross-sectional study, 50 women with
breast cancer, referring to the radiotherapy and oncology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital
(Mashhad, Iran) and 50 healthy women, referring to the same clinic, were selected via available
sampling. Informed consent forms were obtained from the subjects. A demographic
questionnaire, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (consisting of 46 items), and
short-form health survey (SF-36) were used as the study tools. For data analysis, Pearsons
correlation test and t-test were performed to determine the differences between the two groups.
Data were analyzed, using SPSS version 16. Results: The results showed a statistically
significant difference between female patients with cancer and healthy women in terms of
quality of life
 113. Assessment of the Relationship between Recurrent
High-risk Pregnancy and Mothers Previous Experience
of Having an Infant Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive
Care Unit
Sedigheh Hantoosh Zadeh (MD)1, Mamak Shariat (MD)2, Zahra Farahani (MSc)3*, Padideh
Dehghan (MD)4, Rodabeh Mansory (MD)5, Nasrin Chegini (MD)5, Freshteh Amini (BS)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: High-risk pregnancies increase the risk of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission in mothers and their newborns. In this study, we
aimed to identify the association between the recurrence of high-risk pregnancy and mothers
previous experience of having an infant admitted to NICU. Methods: We performed a cohort,
retrospective study to compare subsequent pregnancy outcomes among 232 control subjects and
200 female cases with a previous experience of having a newborn requiring NICU admission due
to intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes,
and asphyxia. The information about the prevalence of subsequent high-risk pregnancies was
gathered via phone calls. Results: As the results indicated, heparin, progesterone, and aspirin
were more frequently administered in the case group during subsequent pregnancies, compared
to the control group
 114. The Impact of an Educational Program on
Knowledge and Attitude of Female Sex Workers in
Preventing High Risk Sexual Behaviours
Mona Larki (MSC)1, Mahin Taffazoli (MSC)2*, Robab Latifnejad Roudsari (Phd)3, Ali Babaee

ABSTRAC
Background & aim: The most important risk factor for ones sexual health is high-risk sexual
behavior. Implementation of educational programs has been considered as one of the most
crucial interventions in the prevention and treatment of these behaviors. Therefore, this study
aimed to determine the effect of an educational program on the knowledge and attitude of female
sex workers toward preventing high-risk sexual behaviors. Methods: This pretest-posttest, one-
group study was conducted on 40 female sex workers, imprisoned in Mashhad Vakil Abad
prison in 2013. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics,
as well as knowledge- and attitude-related data. An educational program was designed after the
pretest and conducted in four 70-minute sessions. Immediately and four weeks after the
educational program, post-test was performed. Data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon
tests, using SPSS version 16. Results: A positive significant increase was found in the mean
scores of knowledge and attitude of female sex workers immediately and four weeks after the
program
115. Study of Factors Associated with Postoperative Pain
Following Episiotomy in Primiparous Women at
Mashhad Omalbanin Hospital in 2012
Maryam Aradmehr (MSC) 1, Sedigheh Azhari (MSC)2*, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri (PhD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Episiotomy is a common medical procedure for widening the perineum. In
fact, perineal pain is the most common complaint after episiotomy. Therefore, it is important to
determine factors associated with postoperative pain following episiotomy in order to provide
comfort for women after delivery. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with
postoperative pain following episiotomy in primiparous women. Methods: This analytical,
descriptive study was conducted on 119 eligible mothers, selected via convenience sampling,
referring to Mashhad Omolbanin Hospital. Childbirth-related information was collected using a
questionnaire. Neonates and mothers were also evaluated using Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis,
Discharge, and Approximation (REEDA) scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire for perineal pain
on days 1, 7, 10, and 14 after delivery. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, Spearmans
test, and Pearsons correlation were performed, using SPSS version 16. P-value 0.05 was
considered statistically significant. Results: A significant direct relationship was found between
the severity of episiotomy pain on day 7 and length of wound cut (P=0.034), neonatal weight
(P=0.040), and number of sutures (P=0.028). There was also a significant relationship between
the severity of episiotomy pain on day 10 and the duration of active phase during the second
stage of labor (P=0.047), duration of sitting position (P=0.011), and number of sutures
(P=0.020). However, a reverse significant correlation was found between the severity of
postoperative pain following episiotomy and wound recovery on days 7 (P=0.015) and 10
(P=0.035). Conclusion: Perineal pain was related to factors such as long perineal cut, slow
wound recovery, prolonged active phase in the second stage of labor, neonatal overweight, and
mothers prolonged sitting position. Therefore, it is recommended to train health care providers
and mothers about these factors.
 116. Mismanagement of a Huge Ovarian Serous
Cystadenoma in a Young Girl; a Case Report
Jila Agah (MD)1*, Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani2, Batool Kamalimanesh (Bsc)3, Mojtaba Fattahi
Abdizadeh (MD)4, Amir Reza Jalilian (MD)
ABSTRAC
While ovarian masses are common findings in gynecology, unusually huge masses are quite rare.
However, such cases can still be found today. Mismanagement of common complaints in
patients can be a leading cause of facing such findings. Herein, we introduce a case of a giant
ovarian cyst, which was mismanaged in a young virgin female patient. The patient had received
gastrointestinal medications for months before being admitted to our clinic, given the bloating
sensation and lack of any gynecologic problems. Ultrasonography disclosed a giant cyst,
probably related to the ovary, originating from the pelvis and extending toward the diaphragm.
After a successful surgery, the ovarian cyst, measuring 40 centimeters and weighing 8 kilograms,
was removed. Pathology report revealed serous cystadenoma. Existence of such cases can be an
alarming sign for physicians to manage prevalent complaints more seriously, particularly those
non-responsive to treatment.
 117. The Relationship between Maternal-Fetal
Attachment and Mother-Infant Attachment Behaviors in
Primiparous Women Referring to Mashhad Health Care
Centers
Mahin Taffazoli (MSc)1, Maryam Montakhab Asadi (MSc)2*, Seyed Amir Aminyazdi (PhD)3,
Mohamad Taghi Shakeri (PhD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Mother-infant bonding and interactions after childbirth are shaped by
maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy. Although many studies have shown the positive
correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and mother-infant attachment behaviors, some
controversial studies have shown otherwise. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the
correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and mother-infant attachment behaviors in
primiparous women. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 100
primiparous women, referring to the selected heath care centers of Mashhad. Data were collected
using Cranley's maternalfetal attachment scale, Avants mother-infant attachment tool,
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, and a demographic/obstetric questionnaire including
demographic data, obstetric information, delivery outcomes, and postpartum data. Pregnant
women with a gestational age of 35-41 weeks, who met the inclusion criteria, completed
Cranley's questionnaire, as well as the demographic/obstetric questionnaire. Four and eight
weeks after delivery, the subjects were asked to complete the Edinburgh questionnaire and
postpartum information; then, they were asked to breastfeed their infants on a chair in a quiet
place for 15 minutes. The researcher observed the mothers behaviors toward their neonates. For
data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests were performed, using SPSS version 16. Results:
There was a direct positive relationship between maternal-fetal attachment and mothers
emotional behaviors toward infants four and eight weeks after delivery. However, four and eight
weeks after childbirth, no significant correlation was found between maternal-fetal attachment
and mothers caring behaviors. Conclusion: According to the findings, maternal-fetal attachment
is one of the most important factors for mother-infant attachment. These findings could be
applied for enriching mother-infant attachment behaviors during pregnancy.
 118. The Effects of Telephone Support on Stress and Perceived
Social Support in Primiparous Women Experiencing Nausea and
Vomiting in the First Half of Pregnancy
Zahra Abedian (MSc)1, Narjes A
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Gestational nausea and vomiting are positively correlated with stress and
stress is negatively associated with social support. Due to advances in technology, telephone has
become the most accessible device for home-based support. This study aimed to determine the
effects of telephone support on stress and perceived social support in primiparous women
experiencing nausea and vomiting during the first half of pregnancy. Methods: This clinical trial
was conducted on 60 healthy pregnant women suffering from mild nausea and vomiting in the
first half of pregnancy. They were randomly assigned to intervention (n=30) and control (n=30)
groups. The intervention group received social support twice a week for a period of four weeks.
Each phone conversation lasted around 15-20 minutes. During these conversations, dietary and
lifestyle changes during pregnancy, as well as ways to reduce fatigue and improve psycho-
emotional status, were discussed. The control group received routine care. Data were collected
using a demographic questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and
Visual Analogue Scale for stress. Independent t-test and paired test were performed, using SPSS
version 16. Results: No significant difference was found in the mean scores of stress in two
groups at the beginning and end of the study (P=0.052). However, social support score at the
beginning of the study was significantly different from that at the end of the study in both groups
(P=0.036). Conclusion: It is recommended that telephone support be integrated into the routine
care of women with nausea and vomiting in order to improve their perceived social support and
decrease their stress.
 119. Comparing the Effects of Progressive Muscle
Relaxation and Guided Imagery on Sleep Quality in
Primigravida Women Referring to Mashhad Health Care
Centers -1393
Nahid Golmakani (MSC)1, Farnaz Sadat Seyed Ahmadi Nejad (MSC)2*, Mohammad Taghi
Shakeri (PhD)3, Negar Asghari Pour (PhD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Decreased sleep quality is a common complaint during pregnancy.
Relaxation is one of the non-pharmaceutical treatments for sleep disorders. Different techniques
could have different impacts on various biological and mental stressors. Therefore, this study
aimed to compare the effects of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery on the sleep
quality of primigravida women. Methods: This three-group clinical trial was conducted on 100
primigravida women, referring to Mashhad health care centers in 2014. All women, who met the
inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to three groups: progressive muscle relaxation, guided
imagery, and control groups. The intervention groups performed the exercises twice a day for a
period of four weeks at home after two sessions of relaxation training (held during two weeks).
Then, the quality of sleep was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. For data analysis,
ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, paired t-test, and posthoc test were performed, using SPSS version
11.5. Results: The total score of sleep quality and its components (except use of sleep
medication) was significantly lower after the intervention, compared to the preintervention
period in progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery groups
 120. Evaluation of Depression and the Contributing
Factors in Pregnant Women Referring to Urban and Rural
Health Care Centers of Sarakhs City, Iran
Lida Jarahi (MD)1, Abbas Zavar (MD)2, Mahboubeh Neamat Shahi (MD)
ABSTRAC
Background & aim: Clinical definition of depression disorder has changed and made precise
over the time. Some studies reported depression during pregnancy was more common than
postpartum depression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate prevalence and factors that may
be contributing to the depression in pregnant women in Sarakhs city. Methods: This cross
sectional study was conducted on 300 pregnant women who was referred to the health centers in
Sarakhs city, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, 2011. Beck's Depression inventory questionnaire
and demographic questionnaire were completed by trained interviewers. Data were analyzed by
SPSS software version 16 by using Ttest, manWhitney, Chisquare tests. Pvalue less than 0.05
were considered as statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of depression in pregnant women
was 47.5% which the most of them had moderate depression. In this assay, depression
significantly was related to mother age (P=0.02), her occupations (P=0.009), family income
(P=0.04), ethnicity (P=0.03), place of living (P=0.01), number of children (P=0.001), unwanted
pregnancy (P=0.001), and history of parities (P=0.001). Conclusion: : Prevalence of depression
during pregnancy makes it more important for providing antenatal care and supporting such
women in seeking help. This study indicating the importance of the psychological state of
pregnant women, screening depression with accurate assessment of the symptoms and diagnosis
it as early as possible.
 121. Affective competency of Filipino nurses working
in the hospitals of Taif City Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This study aims to investigate the affective competency of Filipino nurses working
in five hospitals of Taif City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Transcultural Self-
Efficacy Tool (TSET) Kit was used. The strength of self-efficacy perceptions of
the nurses within the affective constructs shows that the five highest scores shows
their own cultural heritage and belief systems, difference within their own cultural
group, their own biases and limitations, role of family in providing health care and
differences between cultural groups. The results indicate that the respondents are
confident in giving care and are fully aware of the cultural background and culture
specific health care that can affect nursing care. Respondents are confident in
giving care to patient from a diverse culture. However, formal education seminars
on transcultural nursing care in addition to training on Arabic Language will help
them to communicate more effectively.

122. Knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses toward

pressure ulcer prevention in University of Maiduguri
Teaching Hospital, Borno State, North-Eastern, Nigeria

Pressure ulcers are areas of localized injury to the skin, underlying tissue or both,
usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure or in combination with
shear. They are common problem in health care and represent a significant burden
on patients, their relatives and caregivers. Pressure ulcer prevention is of the
quality indicators to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer in acute care setting.
The study assessed nurses knowledge, attitude and practice of pressure ulcer
prevention in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State (UMTH).
The study adopted a non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive survey design. A
total sample of 99 nurses participated in the study and data was collected through a
self developed and validated questionnaire. Analysis was done with statistical
package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20, descriptive statistics of
frequency count and percentages was used to answer research questions, while
inferential statistics of chi-square was used to test the hypothesis at 5% level of
significance. Findings revealed low level knowledge among nurses, positive
attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention practices and low level practice of
pressure ulcer prevention in UMTH. However, significant relationship was found
between nurses work experience and practice of pressure ulcer prevention. The
study therefore suggests that nurses need to increase their knowledge towards
pressure ulcer prevention in order to improve nursing practice and ensure clients
safety from pressure ulcers.

123. I am very much afraid of its side effects by listening

to what people say: Reasons Ghanaian women do not
use contraception

There is a large unmet need for contraception in Ghana, despite many forms of
family planning being highly available and a near universal knowledge of
contraception among Ghanaian women. This study sought to qualitatively
investigate reasons for low-use of contraception in Ghana. Interviews were
conducted with 18 women being treated for complications resulting from unsafe
abortions to ascertain their views on contraception usage. Thirty healthcare
providers, in three hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana were also interviewed. Ten focus
groups were held with community members to investigate how contraception is
viewed in the larger community. None of the women interviewed were using
contraception when they became pregnant. There were three themes for reasons for
non-use: Fear of Side Effects, Poor Reception by Health Staff, and Religion. To
increase the acceptability of modern contraception, interventions aimed at refuting
commonly held misconceptions are sorely needed. Improving the quality of
services that women receive when they access services, and ensuring that health
workers are well supported to provide the highest quality care possible is highly
important.
 124. Process of childrens organ donation: Factors that
intervene in the communication of the healthcare provider

The possibility of providing aid to individuals through the process of organ

donation, so that they may continue living, is an initiative based on altruism and
solidarity. The aim of this study is to describe the factors that intervene in the
communication of the health care provider with the parents of brain dead children.
We have selected papers and information from Web of Science, CINAHL, Science
Direct (Elsevier), and PUBMED databases from 2000 to 2013. The principal
findings of this study are that brain dead in children has a tough impact on
healthcare service teams, cultural and religious aspects of the parents are factors
that intervene in the decision making process, and probably the process donation is
guided by a sense of solidarity with another in suffering and altruism, parents of
children that are waiting for organs are also in a situation of great worry, because
the death of their child may occur soon if they do not secure access to an organ
which are the underlying constituent emotions and motors of the donor process.
Key words: Organ donor, paediatric intensive care units, decision-making process,
communication barriers.

125. Using a task analysis to strengthen nursing and

midwifery pre-service education in Malawi
The Nurses and Midwives Council of Malawi (NMCM) has engaged in significant
efforts to reform nursing and midwifery pre-service education in Malawi. To that
end NMCM decided to revise and strengthen existing syllabi and curricula for
nurse midwifery cadres, starting with the nurse midwife technician (NMT). In an
attempt to make evidence-based decisions for syllabus revision, NMCM conducted
a task analysis to assess how prepared NMTs were to perform tasks in their daily
jobs. NMCM used the activity to identify curricular gaps and key NMT tasks. In
the task analysis, quantitative and qualitative methods identified NMTs
perceptions of tasks required for daily practice, competency to perform such tasks,
factors influencing quality of care, and pre-service programmatic gaps. NMCM
collected data from 48 NMTs randomly selected from a weighted sample of NMTs
from all districts in the country. The most frequently performed tasks ( 50%) were
found to be in infectious diseases and midwifery. NMTs felt inadequately prepared
to handle human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases, obstetric complications,
and certain family planning methods. Findings also identified gaps in clinical
training and faculty supervision of students. The task analysis provided a robust
approach to curriculum revision through identifying key content gaps. Other
countries might consider adopting this approach to improving the content and
relevancy of nursing and midwifery syllabi and curricula.