Intentional Injury

Child Maltreatment: includes child abuse and child neglect

"Any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver (e.g., clergy,
coach, and teacher) that result in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child."

"Acts of Commission (child abuse) include words or overt actions that cause harm, potential harm,
or threat of harm to a child that are deliberate and intentional. Harm to a child may or may not be
the intended consequence. Intentionality only applies to the caregivers' actsnot the consequences
of those acts. Examples of maltreatment involving acts of commission include physical, sexual,
and psychological abuse."

"Acts of Omission (child neglect) include the failure to provide for a child's basic physical,
emotional, or educational needs or to protect a child from harm or potential harm. Like acts of
commission, harm to a child may or may not be the intended consequence. Examples of
maltreatment involving acts of omission include physical neglect, emotional neglect,
medical/dental neglect, educational neglect, inadequate supervision, and exposure to violent
environments" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).

Community Violence: includes neighborhood violence

Violence that occurs primarily outside of the home and involves individuals who may or may not
know each other, but who are unrelated. Some of the acts that fall under the community violence
umbrella include sexual assault, burglary, use of weapons, muggings, the sounds of bullet shots,
as well as social-disorder issues such as the presence of teen gangs, drugs, and racial divisions.
Additionally, community violence typically includes direct and indirect victimization through
experiencing violence, witnessing violence, or hearing about violence in one's neighborhood.

Elder Abuse: includes elder maltreatment and mistreatment

"Elder maltreatment includes any abuse and neglect of persons age 60 and older by a caregiver or
another person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust. Examples of elder maltreatment
include physical abuse, sexual abuse/abusive sexual contact, psychological or emotional abuse,
neglect, abandonment, financial abuse, or exploitation" (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2011).

Homicide

"Death due to the intentional assault of another person by any means:

Intent to kill is not necessary for a homicide to occur

Homicides, as well as all other forms of violence, are associated with intentional
behaviors"
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).

Intimate Partner Violence: includes domestic violence

"Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) includes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or
former partner or spouse. This type of violence can occur among heterosexual or same-sex couples
and does not require sexual intimacy. IPV can vary in frequency and severity. It occurs on a
continuum, ranging from one hit that may or may not impact the victim to chronic, severe battering.
The four main types of IPV include physical violence, sexual violence, threats of physical or sexual
violence, and psychological or emotional violence" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011).

School Violence

"School violence typically refers to student-on-student and student-on-teacher acts of physical

harm" (Stuart Henry, What Is School Violence? An Integrated Definition, ANNALS, AAPSS, 567,
January 2000).

Sexual Violence

"Sexual violence (SV) includes any sexual act that is perpetrated against someone's will. SV
encompasses a range of offenses, including a completed nonconsensual sex act (i.e., rape), an
attempted nonconsensual sex act, abusive sexual contact (i.e., unwanted touching), and noncontact
sexual abuse (e.g., threatened sexual violence, exhibitionism, verbal sexual harassment). All types
involve victims who do not consent or who are unable to consent or refuse to allow the act"
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).

Suicide

"Suicide is death caused by self-directed, injurious behavior with any intent to die as a result of
the behavior. Suicidal behavior exists along a continuum from thinking about ending one's life, to
developing a plan, to nonfatal suicidal behavior, to ending one's life. Suicidal ideation includes
thoughts of harming or killing oneself. The severity of suicidal ideation can be determined by
assessing the frequency, intensity, and duration of these thoughts. A suicide attempt is a nonfatal,
self-directed, potentially injurious behavior with any intent to die as a result of the behavior. A
suicide attempt may or may not result in injury" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011).

Youth Violence: includes bullying, peer harassment, and gang violence

Youth violence is typically defined as interpersonal violence in persons between the ages of 10 to
24, although patterns of youth violence can begin in early childhood. Interpersonal violence is
defined as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against another
person or against a group or community that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in
injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation" (Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 2011).
Unintentional Injury
Drowning

"Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in

liquid. Drowning outcomes are classified as death, morbidity, and no morbidity" (World Health
Organization, 2010).

Environmental injury

"Injury resulting from exposure to adverse natural and environmental conditions (such as severe
heat, severe cold, lightning, sunstroke, large storms, and natural disasters) as well as lack of food
or water" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).

Falls

"A fall is an event that results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or
other lower level" (World Health Organization, 2011).

Fire-related injury/burns

"A burn occurs when some or all of the different layers of cells in the skin are destroyed by a hot
liquid (scald), a hot solid (contact burns), or a flame (flame burns). Skin injuries due to ultraviolet
radiation, radioactivity, electricity, or chemicals, as well as respiratory damage resulting from
smoke inhalation, are also considered to be burns" (World Health Organization, 2011).

Motor-vehicle collision

"A motor-vehicle collision, also known as a traffic accident, traffic collision, motor-vehicle
accident, car accident, automobile accident, road traffic collision, or car crash, occurs when a
vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary
obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole. Traffic collisions may result in injury, death, and property
damage."

"Motor vehicle injury encompasses several different types of injury situations and can be
categorized according to single-vehicle crashes, multiple-vehicle crashes, truck-automobile
crashes, and the like. It also can be categorized according to whether the victim was an occupant,
a pedestrian, a motorcyclist, or a pedal cyclist" (Injury Prevention and Public Health, second
edition).

Poisoning
"A poison is any substance, including medications, that is harmful to your body if too much is
eaten, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. Any substance can be poisonous if too much
is taken" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).

Sports and recreational injuries

"Sports and recreational injuries constitute a category determined by activity rather than by cause
and are classified by injuries that occur to those participating in sporting or recreational events.
Injuries result from acute trauma or repetitive stress associated with athletic activities. Sports
injuries can affect bones or soft tissue (ligaments, muscles, tendons)" (Injury Prevention and
Public Health, second edition).

Traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external
force traumatically injures the brain. TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism
(closed or penetrating head injury), or other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or over
a widespread area). Head injury usually refers to TBI, but is a broader category because it can
involve damage to structures other than the brain, such as the scalp and skull" (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2011).