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World Civilization Test 4

Multiple Choice: 1 point each

1. The founding of the European Economic Community (EEC)


a. initially received strong encouragement from the Soviet Union, which played a leading
role until the Cold War erupted.
b. established a customs union for its six member states.
c. initially embraced the Benelux countries, along with Sweden and Czechoslovakia.
d. was initially designed with the hope it would stabilize employment for the working
classes, but this hope was soon shown to be impossible.
e. was publicly opposed by the United States and the Soviet Union, both of whom threatened
military action.

2. Thatcherism
a. increased the benefits of the welfare state.
b. restricted union power.
c. increased the power of the labor unions.
d. resulted in high unemployment in southern England.
e. ended capitalism in Britain.

3. The policy known as Ostpolitik


a. almost led to East German absorption of West Germany.
b. was designed by Charles De Gaulle.
c. was designed by Conrad Adenauer.
d. increased cultural, personal, and economic relations between West and East Germany.
e. was an attempt by East Germany to unite with West Germany.

4. Charles De Gaulle did not do which of the following things ?


a. see France decrease its gross domestic product during his period of government
b. create the Fifth Republic
c. increase the power of the office of president
d. come to power because of the Algerian crisis
e. endeavor to make France a major nuclear power

5. In January, 2007, the EU again expanded as which two nations were added to its roster of members?
a. Cyprus and Estonia.
b. Hungary and Latvia.
c. Bulgaria and Romania.
d. Malta and Poland.
e. Slovakia and Slovenia.

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6. The movement for civil rights in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s
a. was strongly opposed by Malcolm X, a white political leader from Illinois.
b. created a "white backlash" which aided a national trend toward greater political
conservatism.
c. received no governmental support until 1974.
d. energized Indian and black minorities, who together composed 34 percent of the
population.
e. finally achieved the right to vote for all black American adults as a result of the
Proclamation of 1953.

7. Richard Nixon
a. pursued a "northern strategy," making civil rights a central plank in his political platform.
b. ordered the killing of four students at Ohio's Kent State University by army soldiers.
c. refused to end the Vietnam War.
d. used illegal methods to obtain information from his political rivals.
e. made minor mistakes, but he was careful not to lie to Congress or the people.

8. Jimmy Carter was defeated for reelection in 1980 because


a. his hostility toward Jews and Arabs proved politically fatal.
b. the economic crises of stagnant oil prices and deflation.
c. he failed to obtain the release of American hostages held by radical Muslims in Iran.
d. he failed to obtain the release of American spies held by Communist Russia.
e. the magnitude of the civil rights problem was more than he could handle in his four-year
term.

9. The Reagan Revolution included all of the following except


a. strong support for labor unions and war on poverty programs.
b. a decrease in spending on social welfare programs.
c. tax reduction.
d. an increase in military expenditures.
e. a resultant huge growth in federal budget deficits.

10. All of the following are correct regarding the presidency of Bill Clinton except
a. Clinton claimed he was a "new Democrat."
b. he adopted a number of conservative policies.
c. because of his misconduct with a White House intern, he was not reelected in 1996.
d. the government budget deficit was reduced during his administration.
e. his vice president, Al Gore, was defeated in the 2000 election.

11. All of the following are correct regarding the presidency of George W. Bush except
a. he raised taxes on the wealthy to balance the government budget.
b. he experienced very low approval ratings from the public.
c. he weakened environmental laws.
d. discontent with the war in Iraq reduced his popularity with the voters.
e. the Department of Homeland Security was established.

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12. The substitution of traditional imports by increasing domestic industrial production in Latin America
began to fail in the 1960s because
a. they often lacked sufficient labor to allow them to compete with foreign manufacturers.
b. Japan refused to buy any goods from countries using import-substitution.
c. domestic markets were too small and countries were unable to find enough foreign buyers.
d. United States firms effectively stifled attempts to establish industry in Latin America.
e. foreign capital costs and a welter of other, highly technical problems fatally weakened
attempts to expand Latin American industry.

13. In 2010, this person became the first woman to be elected president of Brazil.
a. Inez Batista
b. Eva Pern
c. Dilma Rousseff
d. Michelle Bachelet
e. Christina Fernndez de Kirchner

14. Which of the following was not true about Argentina?


a. The Pernist government employed fascist gangs to overawe opponents.
b. Eva Pern opposed the women's organizations that supported the Peronistas.
c. Governmental corruption and ineffectiveness resulted in a military coup in 1976.
d. After decades of full or partial military rule, democracy began again with the election of
Ral Alfonsn in 1983.
e. The military regime murdered perhaps 6,000 leftists in 1976.

15. All of the following are correct about the consumer society except
a. the number of blue collar workers increased after the 1960s.
b. there was an increase in real wages for many.
c. the number of people engaged in agriculture dropped significantly.
d. installment plan buying increased.
e. there was a growth of tourism and mass leisure.

16. Demonstrations occurred on university campuses during the 1960s for all of the following reasons except
a. protests against the Vietnam War.
b. grade inflation.
c. irrelevant educational requirements.
d. desire for greater involvement in the running of the university.
e. overcrowded classrooms and uncaring professors and administrators.

17. Terrorism is often motivated by all of the following except


a. the desire for revolutionary upheaval.
b. nationalistic desires aimed at creating new states.
c. desires for political retribution.
d. a desire to invoke political, social, and religious pluralism.
e. religious commitments and beliefs.

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18. In 1986, a nuclear disaster which occurred in this place served to enhance European awareness of
environmental problems.
a. Samarkand.
b. Chernobyl.
c. Aswan.
d. the Three Gorges.
e. Agra.

19. The city that became the art capital of the world after World War II was
a. Paris.
b. London.
c. Tokyo.
d. New York.
e. Moscow.

20. The two writers who were closely associated with existentialism were
a. Jackson Pollock and Simone de Beauvoir.
b. Samuel Beckett and Timothy Leary.
c. Alan Turing and J. Robert Oppenheimer.
d. E. F. Schumacher and Bob Dylan.
e. Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.

21. All of the following were results of European colonialism in Africa except
a. the spread of Islam.
b. a native wage scale that was inferior to that of the Europeans.
c. the restriction of Africans to unskilled or semi-skilled jobs.
d. little opportunity for the native population to obtain professional or managerial positions.
e. a mixed heritage of imperialism.

22. During the colonial period, the primary export crop of Egypt and Uganda was
a. peanuts.
b. coffee.
c. cotton.
d. palm oil.
e. cocoa.

23. The Pan-African belief in a distinctive "African personality" included all of the following except it
a. was a defensive response rejecting views of Western racial superiority.
b. assumes that there is a distinctive African personality.
c. says that African blackness has a humanistic, emotional nature that is different from that
of Western materialism.
d. is believed to provide a common sense of destiny for all black Africans.
e. believes that all persons of African heritage should return to their motherland.

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24. The following are true of the African National Congress except
a. it was originally led by Western-inclined intellectuals who had little popular support.
b. it was initially aimed at achieving full equality for the educated native population through
peaceful means.
c. its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held power.
d. in time, its policies became more prone to the use of violence to achieve its goals.
e. its original goal was to achieve economic and political reforms "within the system."

25. The East African term for the people who have achieved a high level of financial success is
a. hokees.
b. dash.
c. wabenzi.
d. chai.
e. bonsella.

26. All of the following are problems faced by the capitalist government of Kenya except
a. landlessness is high, and twenty percent of the people are squatters.
b. unemployment is stagnant at around forty percent..
c. the rate of population growth is among the highest in the world.
d. constant tensions exist between farmers and pastoralists.
e. chronically poor soil.

27. In the mid-1970s, these two African nations adopted a Soviet-style Marxist government:
a. Nigeria and Chad.
b. Gabon and Cameroon.
c. Angola and Ethiopia.
d. Mali and Eritrea.
e. Somalia and Tanzania.

28. The two leaders who ended the apartheid regime without major bloodshed in South Africa were
a. Francis Malan and Jomo Kenyatta.
b. F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
c. P.J. Surhoff and Thabo Mbeki.
d. Skou Tour and Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
e. Milton Obote and Menachim Begin.

29. A stabilizing factor in this African nation is an unwritten agreement that allows Christians and Muslims to
alternate terms in holding the presidency.
a. Chad.
b. Angola.
c. Somalia.
d. Mali.
e. Nigeria.

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30. African culture has adapted to serve the tourist industry and the export market in the areas of
a. pottery and steel fabrication in Axum.
b. wood carving, painting, and sculpture.
c. publication, tripling the Onitsha Market pamphlets for tourists since 1994.
d. novels and poetry written in local languages.
e. high grade steel manufacturing and export.

31. The majority of the terrorists who carried out the 11 September 2001 attack on the United States were
from
a. Afghanistan.
b. Iran.
c. Iraq.
d. Saudi Arabia.
e. Jordan.

32. The formal establishment of the new state of Israel in May 1948
a. resulted in Arab denial of Israel's recognition.
b. was made more palatable for Arabs by Israeli support for an Arab Palestinian state.
c. resulted in war between Israel and its Christian neighbors.
d. received United States support from President Franklin Roosevelt.
e. led to a tentative peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors.

33. As a result of Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956,


a. Egypt was attacked by the British, the French, and the Israelis.
b. the Israelis supported Egypt in revenge for the holocaust.
c. the Eisenhower administration secured control of the canal for the Europeans by sending
in a United States occupation force.
d. the Israelis retained perpetual control of the Sinai Peninsula.
e. the Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan.

34. All Israeli governments have been composed of coalitions of several political parties because
a. of the diverse population and large area of the country.
b. the Knesset used the American electoral system.
c. the nation was composed of two sharply divided political parties.
d. the nation was composed of many political parties having diverse interests.
e. a complete disinterest in politics by most Israelis.

35. In the Six Day War of June, 1967, which of the following is not true?
a. Israeli forces seized control of the West Bank of the Jordan River.
b. The Golan Heights were taken from Syria.
c. An Arab blockade of the Gulf of Aqaba was broken.
d. All Palestinians were driven from Israeli-held territory.
e. The city of Jerusalem was occupied.

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36. The hopes for a lasting Middle East peace after Camp David were never realized, in part because of
a. the 1981 assassination of Sadat by Jewish militants.
b. the refusal of many non-Islamic states to recognize Israel's right to exist.
c. Israeli's policy of establishing Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank territories.
d. Ronald Reagan's election as the United States president.
e. the death of King Faisal.

37. Since 1979, Iraq has invaded both


a. Jordan and the Sudan.
b. Iran and Afghanistan.
c. Kuwait and Iran.
d. Kuwait and Afghanistan.
e. Kazakhstan and Burundi.

38. Following his election to the presidency of Iran in 2005, this radical issued a statement publically calling
for the destruction of the state of Israel.
a. Mohammad Khatami.
b. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
c. Sadeq Hedayat.
d. Bashar al-Assad.
e. Mahmoud Abbas.

39. During the first decades of the twentieth century, women in the Middle East
a. were aided by the "modernist" movement's efforts to change female statuses and roles by
interpreting Islamic views in a manner closer to those prevailing in the West.
b. experienced great changes in their lives before 1970, in countries such as Saudi Arabia and
Oman, which had regimes actively working to modernize their societies.
c. have made perhaps the greatest advances in Saudi Arabia, where women now have
unlimited access to university education and may adopt Western dress.
d. have never had any political rights in Iran.
e. have had few if any political rights in Israel.

40. The two Muslim states in the Middle East that gave greater rights to women before 1980 were
a. Israel and Jordan.
b. Turkey and Iran.
c. Egypt and Syria.
d. Saudi Arabia and Lebanon.
e. the Sudan and Yemen.

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41. The apparent motivation for the assassination of Gandhi was that Gandhi
a. was discovered to be a secret Sikh.
b. favored Indian partition.
c. didn't want to see the Muslims get what they wanted.
d. was against creating a strictly Hindu India.
e. was staunchly anti-Hindu.

42. The new Indian government in 1947


a. was based on that of the Soviet Union.
b. had a powerful president, as Nehru was an admirer of the United States constitution.
c. was based on the British system, with a figurehead president and a parliamentary form.
d. barred only two groups, Sikhs and harijans, from voting.
e. allowed for only one political party, the Congress Party.

43. In 1971, East Pakistan became the new independent nation of


a. Myanmar.
b. Sri Lanka.
c. Belize.
d. Bangladesh.
e. Kampuchea.

44. The conflict that developed between East and West Pakistan, and eventually led to the establishment of
the state of Bangladesh, was caused by
a. competition over internal development of the nation's natural resources.
b. differences in language, history, and ethnic tradition.
c. many years of international warfare between the two regions.
d. the demand of the people of East Pakistan to establish an independent Marxist state.
e. both b and c

45. In the aftermath of independence, India's greatest economic weakness was in


a. consumer products.
b. industrial production.
c. agriculture.
d. a declining birthrate.
e. too much Western investment.

46. The controversial Indian writer who uses the technique of magical realism and who has angered Moslems
is
a. Anita Desai.
b. Salmon Rushdie.
c. R. K. Narayan.
d. V. S. Naipaul.
e. E. M. Forster.

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47. The regional organization initially formed by Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the
Philippines is known as
a. TIPAM.
b. ASEAN.
c. SEATO.
d. NATO.
e. CENTO.

48. The countries which attained their independence from Britain in 1948 and from the Netherlands in 1950,
respectively, were
a. Malaysia and New Zealand.
b. Pakistan and Myanmar.
c. India and Sri Lanka.
d. Laos and Burma.
e. Burma and Indonesia.

49. During the 1980s and 1990s, there was a great deal of talk that the achievements of Japan and the "little
tigers" indicated that the world was about to enter a new historical phase, that of the
a. Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
b. Fifth Reich.
c. Age of the Toyota.
d. Asian Miracle.
e. Midway Millennium.

50. The customary "government party" in Japan between the 1950s and 1993 was the
a. People's Action Party.
b. Liberal Democratic Party.
c. Socialist Party.
d. Social Democratic Party.
e. Party of the Republic.

51. The keiretsu are


a. large companies that maintain relationships in a more informal manner than the zaibatsu.
b. systems of totally independent corporate entities.
c. newly reconstituted, formalized cartel arrangements.
d. Meiji-oriented systems of corporate dependencies.
e. monopoly arrangements.

52. Kenzaburo Oe
a. is Japan's greatest living poet.
b. painted the famous "portrait of General MacArthur" in eight minutes on a sidewalk.
c. received a Nobel Prize for literature.
d. believes rising materialism in present-day Japan represents "progress."
e. is the originator of the "industrial novel."

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53. Which Korean term is equivalent to the Japanese term zaibatsu?
a. Cobola.
b. Chaebol.
c. Migheo.
d. Pusana.
e. Taegu.

54. The "little tiger" that was once a British crown colony, but is now an independent state, is
a. Burma.
b. Singapore.
c. Hong Kong.
d. Taiwan.
e. South Korea.

55. Unlike the other economies of East Asia, Hong Kong's economic development has taken place in a
system employing
a. unrestrained, free-market capitalism.
b. direct state control of the economic sector.
c. Communist Chinese support.
d. massive British foreign aid programs.
e. a socialist economic philosophy.

56. Which of the following happened on July 1, 1997?


a. Mao Zedong died.
b. A military coup brought down the government of Singapore.
c. Australia, New Zealand, and the United States formed a trade compact.
d. Taiwan voted to form an independent republic.
e. Hong Kong returned to mainland authority.

57. The rapid economic development of the "little tigers" can be attributed to
a. a "modernizing elite" with an economic vision and practicality.
b. an astute political leadership that gave the highest priority to political democracy.
c. government encouragement of population growth.
d. policies that encouraged imports.
e. the adoption of neo-Marxist policies.

58. According to the agreement between Great Britain and the People's Republic of China,
a. the British were to leave in 1997, regardless of the welfare of the Hong Kong population.
b. the Chinese agreed to permit a half-century of largely self-governing capitalism in Hong
Kong, after British rule ended.
c. the true nature of Hong Kong autonomy after the British left was not discussed.
d. the People's Republican Government ended Hong Kong's capitalist system.
e. Hong Kong was recognized as an independent nation by the People's Republic of China.

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59. Under the regime of Lee Kuan-yew,
a. an unexpected attempt to foster individualism was made.
b. the concepts of Western democratic pluralism have been encouraged.
c. the Soviet concept of a centralized socialist society has been favored.
d. thrift, hard work, and an obedience to authority were the tenets of state policy.
e. the Chinese population was exiled back to the People's Republic of China.

60. Which of the following has not been a factor in the development of the Singapore economy?
a. the oversight of Lee Kuan-yew
b. a massive program of public works projects
c. oil refineries and a well-developed banking center
d. a highly favorable climate for multinational corporations
e. a democratic government

Choose from the following list to answer 61-70

2 points

a. David Cameron
b. Fidel Castro
c. Japanese Miracle
d. Chechnya
e. Naguib Mahfouz
f. Syria
g. Ethnic Cleansing
h. Kwame Nkrumah
i. Cambodia
j. Jawaharlal Nehru

61. The country that suffered a domestic holocaust at the hands of the Khmer Rouge is ____________.

62. The term _____________ is associated with the tragedy which occurred in Bosnia, during the breakup
of Yugoslavia.

63. _______________ led the Convention People's Party, the first formal political party in black Africa.

64. The first prime minister of India was _______________.

65. The leader of the successful revolution in Cuba in December 1958 was _____________.

66. For a brief period between 1958 and 1961, Egypt merged with _____________ to form the United
Arab Republic.

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67. The ________________ had its roots in the initial policy decisions made during the Meiji reform
period.

68. In 2010, the thirteen-year rule of Britain's Labour Party came to an end as ______________ became
Prime Minister.

69. The Egyptian novelist who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1988 was _______________.

70. In 2000, fighting in ____________, a breakaway Russian state, reduced the republic's capital of
Grozny to ruins.

Essay Questions: Please answer completely and use information from your reading to support your
answer. I will not accept one or two word answers. These are essay questions, the answers need to be
no less than a paragraph but if you answer correctly your answer should be more than a paragraph.

5 points each

1. "Margaret Thatcher was the most significant British Prime Minister in the last half of the
twentieth century." Discuss, pro and con.

2. Fifty years after independence, what are the present responsibilities, if any, that the former
imperialist European nations owe to Africa?

3. How did the rise of independent states affect the lives and role of women in African societies?
How does that role compare with the role played by women in other parts of the contemporary
world?

4. How did colonialism end in Southeast Asia? Why not earlier? Why did it occur earlier in some
places than in others? Give examples.

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