Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
by
Florentina Ene
Outline
Objectives
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
Computational methods (CM)
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI)
Validation of CM
Comparison of CM
Haemodynamics and mechanical factors
Objectives
http://www.emedicine.com/MED
Physics of AAA
Rupture of AAA
Surgical criterion: max diameter 5-5.5 cm
Low flow
Recirculation regions
Secondary flow
ANSYS Workbench
ANSYS ICEM Mesh
ANSYS Simulation (ANSYS Structural) FEA
ANSYS CFX CFD
Computational Methods for AAA
Geometry
1 Mesh (Elements)
Pre-processor
Materials
Boundary conditions
Convergence
2 Solver
Solution monitor and control
Independence analysis
3 Post-processor Validation
Comparison
1
Realistic Aorta Model with Aneurysm
from CT Scan
Realistic Idealised
Mimics,
Materialise
1 AAA Geometry
Newtonian
homogenous
FEA CFD incompressible laminar
Linear elastic =1055 kg/m3
E=2.7 MPa =0.0035 Pa s
=0.45
Material Material
Velocity inlet Pressure outlets
=2000 kg/m3 properties properties 0.25 40
Ui=0, 30
Pressure (mmHg)
Velocity (m/s)
i=x,y,z@Si,So Boundary Boundary
0.15
20
5 pulse cycles
Time (s)
Solver
Solid domain Fluid domain
FEA simulation CFD simulation
2 Solver
FSI
Fluid: Force send as load to solid Flui Soli
Solid: Displacement send as BC to fluid d d
3 Postprocessor
Vector/Countours/Streamlines/Animation/Graphs
Results for every domains element
Wall surface
Wall surface
Velocity (m/s)
0.1
0
Pulsatile flow in -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 Pulsatile flow in
rigid tube Radial distance (m)
elastic tube
Theory CFD 0.25s Theory FSI
0.25 sec
0.12
0.12
Velocity w (m/s)
Velocity (m/s)
0.08
0.08
0.04
0.04
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Change in diameter(mm)
1.50 1.2 Position 4 FEA
Radial deformation (mm)
Position 1 EXP
30
Position 2 EXP
Radius (mm)
1.00 0.8 Position 3 EXP
Position 4 EXP
20
0.50 0.4
0.00 10 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.4 0.8 1.2
Axial length from maximum diameter (mm) Time (s)
3
Validation with
Experimental/Published Results
Steady flow in rigid wall bifurcation Pulsatile flow in rigid wall bifurcation
(Walburn & Stein, 1981) (Morris, 2004)
10 mm Position 2
Walburn & Stein CFD LDA CFD
0.45 0.08
0.35
Velocity (m/s)
0.06
Velocity (m/s)
0.25
0.04
0.15
0.02
0.05
0
-1 -0.5 -0.05 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Diameter ratio
Diameter ratio
3 Ultrasound Flow Visualisation
3 Comparison of CM
6 numerical methods
sFEA/tFEA
sCFD/tCFD
sFSI/tFSI
3 models
Idealised Realistic Realistic with ILT
3 Comparison in Realistic AAA
3 Comparison in Realistic AAA
POSITIONS
4
3 Comparison in Realistic AAA
A1 Non-planarity effect
A2 Aortic arch
A3 Wall thickness
A4 ILT presence
Max
velocity
T=0.25s
Max
deceleration
T=0.35s
Max
acceleration
T=0.15s
A3 Wall Thickness
AAA
H3 Thickness Diameter H1 : 2 mm
H2: 1 mm
0.002 0.04
Thickness (m)
Diameter (m)
A3
H1
H2
AAA without ILT
H3
Wall Thickness
1: No ILT
2: ILT E=0.05 MPa
3: ILT E=0.1 MPa
4: ILT E=0.2 MPa
Wall curvature
peaks in diametral strains and compliance
Ene,2011
high stress
Conclusions