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FM Superregenerative
Receiver
using only two transistors
Burkhard Kainka
Building an AM receiver is a simple project for a beginner, but building an FM receiver is rather
trickier. However, with a little ingenuity we can get away with a very small number of components: our
superregenerative audion receiver uses just two transistors, two coils and a few capacitors. A mini
project in the true sense of the word!
Component count is not the only re- transmitter! Nevertheless the circuit is Reception in practice
spect in which our superregenerative very sensitive and operates perfectly When the receiver is switched on the
audion receiver design is economi- satisfactorily using a 10 cm length of output will consist of noise. The fre-
cal. As most readers will know, good wire for an antenna. The headphones quency can now be adjusted using a
grounded screening is essential in a ra- should ideally have an impedance of at screwdriver: when an FM station is en-
dio receiver. In our prototype we recy- least 400 7. The circuit will work with countered the noise will reduce in vol-
cled the tin lid from a packet of coffee 32 7 stereo headphones, but the out- ume or disappear altogether. The tun-
for this purpose: the ideal type of pack- put will not be as loud. ing must be adjusted so that it is just
et is one with sides made from card- on the edge of the band occupied by
board to which the lid is crimped, the transmitted signal: this re-
as the edge can simply be cut quires a little patience, luck, and
with a sharp knife. It is easy to skill with the screwdriver. Once
bend to the desired shape, pro- you have found your favourite
vides a stable base for mounting station, of course, there is no
ANT1 R4 +9V
and takes solder easily. For the 10k
need to adjust the circuit again.
R1 R5
circuit connections either plain L1 C6 The sound quality from this sim-
10k
1k
20 LS1
the circuit consists of 20 turns of 10n 10n since it also acted as a trans-
0.2 mm enamelled copper wire R3 mitter, it could interfere with a
C1
wound on a 10 k7 resistor. The neighbours radio reception: this
10k
400 7
rest of the circuit is constructed 10n applies also to our design. It is
as shown in Figure 1. doubtful whether such a radio
The antenna should not be too 070044 - 11 could obtain its CE certication
long, as otherwise the circuit mark today, and the radio is thus
may cause interference: the su- more of an interesting experi-
perregenerative circuit is also a Figure 1. A handful of components go to make our FM receiver. ment than a potential challenge
R1 R1
C2 L1 C2 L1
10k
10k
5 5
22p 22p C6 AF
10M
T1 T1
C3 C4 C3
5p 10n 10p
BF494 BF494
L2 C4
0MH33
10n
R2 R3 R2 R3
C1 C1 C5
10k
4k7
10k
10k
10n 10n 10n
070044 - 12 070044 - 13
Figure 2. Circuit of an RF oscillator. Figure 3. The capacitor in parallel with the emitter
resistor makes the RF oscillator ip between
oscillating and not oscillating states.
10k
clearly on an oscilloscope. The saw- 22p
5 pacitor to ground does not affect the
C6 AF
tooth signal on the emitter resistor circuit as far as radio frequencies
will indicate whether a station is be- 10M are concerned, and for simplicity we
ing received. The receiver is so sen- T1
C3
wind the RF coil on a resistor.
sitive that it does not actually need (070 044-I)
10p
an antenna: the oscillator coil can BF494
pick up enough energy directly.
L2 C5 C4
The circuit in Figure 3 has a further
0MH33
weakness in that its output con- 10n 10n
10k
amplitude. The cunning technique 10n
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