Planning and Engineering Guide v5

A llo p t ic
Planning & Engineering Guide
Version 5.0
August 2005
M o v in g I P a t G ig a F o r c e S p e e d
This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. No part
of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage retrieval system, or translated into another language, without prior written consent
of Alloptic.
Alloptic® makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Alloptic shall not be liable for errors contained herein nor for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. The
information and specifications contained herein may change without notice.
Trademarks
All brand names and product names used in this book are trademarks, registered
trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.
ii Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Copyright © 2002-2005, Alloptic, All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About This Manual .....................................................................................................xv
Audience ....................................................................................................................xv
Where to find help ......................................................................................................xv
Customer Response Center.................................................................................xv
Special Labels............................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1: System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Alloptic® System Overview ......................................................................................... 1
The Alloptic Advantage ......................................................................................... 1
The Benefits of PON ............................................................................................. 1
Architectural Elements .......................................................................................... 3
Standard System Architecture .............................................................................. 3
System Applications .............................................................................................. 4
Chapter 2: Alloptic Product Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Optical Network Unit (ONU) family.............................................................................. 5
home 4000 ............................................................................................................ 5
bizGEAR™ ULTRA ............................................................................................... 6
bizGEAR™ 200..................................................................................................... 6
mduGEAR™ 224 .................................................................................................. 7
aceGEAR .............................................................................................................. 7
Xgen 7000............................................................................................................. 8
edgeGEAR 2000 ......................................................................................................... 9
Network Considerations ........................................................................................ 9
PON Considerations ............................................................................................. 9
Edge 200..................................................................................................................... 9
Network Considerations ........................................................................................ 9
PON Considerations ............................................................................................. 9
Operating Systems.................................................................................................... 10
GigaVu™............................................................................................................. 10
GEMS™ .............................................................................................................. 10
Chapter 3: Site Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Overview ................................................................................................................... 11
General Information ............................................................................................ 11
Outside Plant....................................................................................................... 13
Services Worksheet ............................................................................................ 15
Central Office or Head-End Facility..................................................................... 16
Physical Space .......................................................................................................... 16
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 iii

Power ........................................................................................................................ 16
Network Integration and Management.................................................................18
IP Administration ....................................................................................................... 18
Network Management ............................................................................................... 18
Acceptance Testing .............................................................................................19
Shipping and Staging...........................................................................................19
Services and Bandwidth Requirements ...............................................................20
Comments............................................................................................................20
Chapter 4: System Powering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chassis Powering Guidelines ....................................................................................21
edgeGEAR 2000..................................................................................................21
Edge 200..............................................................................................................22
Chassis Grounding Guidelines ..................................................................................24
edgeGEAR 2000..................................................................................................24
Edge 200..............................................................................................................24
ONU Powering Guidelines .........................................................................................25
ONU Grounding Guidelines .................................................................................25
Power Supplies Specifications...................................................................................26
Chapter 5: Optical Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Fiber Optic Budget Guidelines ...................................................................................27
Fiber Optic Budget for RF Applications................................................................28
Loss Assumptions................................................................................................29
Two Fiber Solution ...............................................................................................31
Splitter Configuration and Loss Budget ...............................................................32
PON Distribution........................................................................................................ 32
Cascaded PON Distribution....................................................................................... 34
Branching PON Distribution....................................................................................... 35
Chapter 6: Bandwidth Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chassis Bandwidth Allocation....................................................................................37
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis ....................................................................................37
Edge 200 Chassis................................................................................................37
Both Chassis........................................................................................................37
Auto Ranging Bandwidth Requirements ..............................................................37
ONU Bandwidth Requirements..................................................................................38
Assigning Bandwidth to Data Services ................................................................38
bizGEAR 200 .......................................................................................................38
Other GEAR.........................................................................................................38
Service Bandwidth Requirements..............................................................................39
VLAN Services.....................................................................................................39
Symmetrical VLAN Configurations ............................................................................ 39
Asymmetrical VLAN Configurations .......................................................................... 40
IP Video Bandwidth Requirements ......................................................................40
DS1 and DS0 Bandwidth Requirements ..............................................................41
POTS Bandwidth Requirements ..........................................................................42
iv Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Services Bandwidth Total per PON..................................................................... 43
Services Bandwidth Assumptions ............................................................................. 43
Sample Services Bandwidth Total per PON .............................................................. 44
Chapter 7: Service Area Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Overview ................................................................................................................... 45
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis ......................................................................................... 45
SCM Modules...................................................................................................... 45
OLT Modules....................................................................................................... 45
DS3M Modules.................................................................................................... 45
DS3 Interface Characteristics ............................................................................. 46
edgeGEAR 2000 Module Worksheet .................................................................. 47
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Worksheet ................................................................. 48
Edge 200 Chassis ..................................................................................................... 48
Network Ports...................................................................................................... 48
PON Ports ........................................................................................................... 48
T1/E1 Ports ......................................................................................................... 48
DS1 Interface Characteristics ............................................................................. 49
Edge 200 PON Worksheet.................................................................................. 50
Edge 200 Chassis Worksheet............................................................................. 50
ONU Planning Guidelines ......................................................................................... 51
ONU Equipment Planning Worksheet ................................................................. 51
Chapter 8: Network Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Regulatory........................................................................................................... 53
Timing and Synchronization...................................................................................... 53
Timing Sources ................................................................................................... 53
Upstream Data Path Requirements .......................................................................... 55
VLAN Tagging.................................................................................................... 55
Chapter 9: Typical Deployment Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
International Applications .......................................................................................... 57
High Rise Deployments............................................................................................. 57
POTS ........................................................................................................................ 58
Voice Services Overview .................................................................................... 58
TDM .......................................................................................................................... 59
TDM Overview .................................................................................................... 59
TDM Transport Applications................................................................................ 59
Subscriber Interface ............................................................................................ 59
Headend Chassis...................................................................................................... 61
Point-to-Point T1/E1 Services ............................................................................. 63
Connection to the PSTN ..................................................................................... 64
edgeGEAR 2000 GR303 Connections ...................................................................... 64
edgeGEAR 2000 V5.2 Connections .......................................................................... 65
Chapter 10: QOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 v

Service Level Agreements .........................................................................................67
VLAN Prioritization.....................................................................................................67
Prioritization and QOS .........................................................................................67
Priority Between Users ........................................................................................68
Priority Between Users Example ............................................................................... 68
Priority Within Users ............................................................................................68
Chapter 11: VLAN Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
VLAN Trunking...........................................................................................................69
VLAN Trunking Implementation ...........................................................................69
VLAN Trunking Characteristics ............................................................................69
VLAN Security......................................................................................................69
VLAN Trunking Issues and Limitations ................................................................70
VLAN Requirements ............................................................................................70
Chapter 12: Integration Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Spanning Tree ...........................................................................................................71
Link Aggregation ........................................................................................................71
Link Aggregation Technical Considerations.........................................................72
Implementing Link Aggregation ...........................................................................72
Chapter 13: Advanced Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Advanced Services Considerations ...........................................................................73
Designated Services ............................................................................................73
ESAF....................................................................................................................73
Chapter 14: IP Video Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
IP Video Services.......................................................................................................75
IP Video Configuration Example ..........................................................................75
IP Video VLAN Support .......................................................................................76
IGMP Snooping Support ......................................................................................76
IGMP Snooping Example .......................................................................................... 76
IGMP Proxy Support ............................................................................................77
Video On Demand ...............................................................................................77
HDTV over IP Video.............................................................................................77
Chapter 15: Voice over IP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
VoIP Services ............................................................................................................79
VoIP Methodology................................................................................................80
Configuring VoIP Services ...................................................................................81
VoIP Services Example ............................................................................................. 82
VoIP Standards....................................................................................................82
Chapter 16: RF Video Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
RF Video Services .....................................................................................................83
Planning for HDTV ...............................................................................................84
Chapter 17: Planning for Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
edgeGEAR™ 2000 Redundancy Configurations.......................................................85
vi Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Redundant OLT Hardware Illustration................................................................. 85
Redundant OLT Card Features........................................................................... 86
OLT Card Redundancy Configuration................................................................. 86
Chassis to ONU Redundancy Features .................................................................... 87
Chapter 18: Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Testing TDM Services............................................................................................... 89
Interface Diagnostic Tests................................................................................... 89
ONU DS1 Loopback Selections .......................................................................... 90
DS1 Loopback Selections ................................................................................... 91
DS3 Loopback Selections ................................................................................... 92
DS0 Channel Test............................................................................................... 93
Performance Statistics .............................................................................................. 94
Fiber Planning Guidelines ................................................................................... 95
Splicing ...................................................................................................................... 95
Bend Radius .............................................................................................................. 95
Clean Connectors ...................................................................................................... 95
Appendix A: Glossary .............................................................................................97
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 vii

viii Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0
List of Figures
Chapter 1 System Overview...................................................................................... 1

Figure 1: edgeGEAR 2000 PON Overview ................................................................ 2
Figure 2: Edge 200 PON Overview............................................................................ 2
Figure 3: PON System Architecture ........................................................................... 3
Chapter 2 Alloptic Product Family .......................................................................... 5
Figure 4: home 4000 ................................................................................................. 5
Figure 5: bizGEAR ULTRA......................................................................................... 6
Figure 6: bizGEAR™ 200........................................................................................... 6
Figure 7: mduGEAR 224............................................................................................ 7
Figure 8: aceGEAR .................................................................................................... 7
Figure 9: Xgen 7000................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 3 Site Survey.............................................................................................. 11
Chapter 4 System Powering.................................................................................... 21
Figure 10: edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Powering Guidelines ..................................... 22
Figure 11: Edge 200 Chassis Powering Guidelines ................................................. 23
Figure 12: Chassis Grounding ................................................................................. 24
Figure 13: ONU Powering Guidelines ...................................................................... 25
Chapter 5 Optical Budget ....................................................................................... 27
Figure 14: Single Fiber Solution............................................................................... 28
Figure 15: Calculating Loss Budget ......................................................................... 29
Figure 16: Dual Fiber Application............................................................................. 31
Figure 17: Simple PON Distribution ......................................................................... 32
Figure 18: Cascaded PON Distribution .................................................................... 34
Figure 19: Branching PON Distribution .................................................................... 35
Chapter 6 Bandwidth Considerations.................................................................... 37
Chapter 7 Service Area Planning ........................................................................... 45
Chapter 8 Network Services ................................................................................... 53
Figure 20: Setting the Clock Source--edgeGEAR 2000........................................... 54
Figure 21: Setting the Clock Source--Edge 200....................................................... 54
Figure 22: Router ..................................................................................................... 55
Figure 23: Switch and Router................................................................................... 56
Chapter 9 Typical Deployment Scenarios ............................................................. 57
Figure 24: High Rises with mduGEAR™ ................................................................. 57
Figure 25: TDM Voice Services................................................................................ 58
Figure 26: Groomed TDM Circuit ............................................................................. 61
Figure 27: edgeGEAR 2000 Private TDM Services ................................................. 62
Figure 28: Edge 200 Private TDM Services............................................................. 63
Figure 29: GR303 Connections................................................................................ 64
Figure 30: V5.2 Connections.................................................................................... 65
Chapter 10 QOS....................................................................................................... 67
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 ix

Chapter 11 VLAN Considerations ......................................................................... 69
Chapter 12 Integration Considerations ................................................................. 71
Figure 31: SCM Link Aggregation.............................................................................72
Chapter 13 Advanced Services ............................................................................... 73
Figure 32: VLAN Per Service (ESAF) .......................................................................73
Chapter 14 IP Video Considerations ..................................................................... 75
Figure 33: IP Video Distribution Architecture ............................................................75
Chapter 15 Voice over IP Considerations ............................................................. 79
Figure 34: VoIP Overview .........................................................................................79
Figure 35: VoIP Methodology - edgeGEAR™ 2000..................................................80
Figure 36: VOIP Methodology - Edge 200 ................................................................81
Chapter 16 RF Video Considerations .................................................................... 83
Figure 37: RF Video Transport Application ...............................................................84
Chapter 17 Planning for Redundancy ................................................................... 85
Figure 38: Redundant OLT Network Illustration........................................................85
Figure 39: OLT Redundancy.....................................................................................87
Figure 40: Complete Redundancy ............................................................................88
Chapter 18 Maintenance ......................................................................................... 89
Figure 41: ONU DS1 Loopback Selections...............................................................90
Figure 42: DS1 Loopback Selections........................................................................91
Figure 43: DS3 Loopback Selections........................................................................92
Figure 44: DS0 Channel Test....................................................................................93
Figure 45: DS1 Interface Status Screen ...................................................................94
x Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

List of Tables
Chapter 1 System Overview....................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2 Alloptic Product Family ........................................................................... 5
Chapter 3 Site Survey............................................................................................... 11
Chapter 4 System Powering..................................................................................... 21
Table 1: Fully loaded protected chassis ...................................................................... 21
Chapter 5 Optical Budget ........................................................................................ 27
Table 2: WDM Video - ONU distribution loss assumptions...................................... 29
Table 3: Loss Specification for 3rd Lamda @ 1550nm.............................................. 29
Table 4: WDM Video - ONU Distribution 1490/1550 Total Loss Budget ................ 30
Table 5: Equipment Loss ............................................................................................ 32
Table 6: Simple PON Distribution Loss Assumptions ............................................... 33
Table 7: Simple PON Distribution Total Loss Budget ............................................... 33
Table 8: Cascaded PON Distribution Loss Assumptions ........................................... 34
Table 9: Cascaded PON Distribution Total Loss Budget ........................................... 35
Table 10: Branching PON Distribution Loss Assumptions........................................ 36
Table 11: Branching PON Distribution Total Loss Budget........................................ 36
Chapter 6 Bandwidth Considerations..................................................................... 37
Table 12: Auto Ranging Bandwidth Requirements .................................................... 37
Table 13: bizGEAR 200 ONU Bandwidth Requirements .......................................... 38
Table 14: All Other ONU Bandwidth Requirements.................................................. 38
Table 15: Symmetrical VLAN Configurations Example .......................................... 39
Table 16: Asymmetrical VLAN Configurations Example ........................................ 40
Table 17: DS1 Bandwidth Requirements ................................................................... 41
Table 18: TDM Bandwidth......................................................................................... 41
Table 19: POTS Bandwidth ........................................................................................ 42
Table 20: POTS Bandwidth ........................................................................................ 42
Table 21: Services Bandwidth Total per PON............................................................ 44
Chapter 7 Service Area Planning ............................................................................ 45
Table 22: DS3 Interface Characteristics ..................................................................... 46
Table 23: Module Calculation Worksheet .................................................................. 47
Table 24: Chassis Calculation Worksheet .................................................................. 48
Table 25: DS1 Interface Characteristics ..................................................................... 49
Table 26: DS1 Features Supported ............................................................................. 49
Table 27: Total PON Calculation ............................................................................... 50
Table 28: Chassis Calculation Worksheet .................................................................. 50
Table 29: ONU Equipment Calculation Worksheet ................................................... 51
Table 30: ONU Ports .................................................................................................. 52
Chapter 8 Network Services .................................................................................... 53
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 xi

Table 31: Timing Sources........................................................................................... 53
Chapter 9 Typical Deployment Scenarios .............................................................. 57
Table 32: POTS Port Characteristics & Signaling Options ........................................ 60
Table 33: T1/E1 Characteristics and Signaling Options............................................. 60
Chapter 10 QOS........................................................................................................ 67
Chapter 11 VLAN Considerations .......................................................................... 69
Chapter 12 Integration Considerations .................................................................. 71
Chapter 13 Advanced Services ................................................................................ 73
Chapter 14 IP Video Considerations ...................................................................... 75
Chapter 15 Voice over IP Considerations .............................................................. 79
Table 34: Guiding Standards for VoIP ....................................................................... 82
Chapter 16 RF Video Considerations ..................................................................... 83
Chapter 17 Planning for Redundancy .................................................................... 85
Chapter 18 Maintenance .......................................................................................... 89
Table 35: POTS and T1/E1 Interface Testing Diagnostics ........................................ 89
Table 36: Performance Measurements for T1/E1....................................................... 94
xii Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Document History
Version Issue Date Comments
1 8/6/01 First release of document.
1.1 1/2/02 Revised for product updates.

2.0 10/09/02 Changes from version 1.1 include:
Incorporated edits from Tom Gorski’s review notes
on V1.1. Added specs for both inside/outside install
of homeGEAR™.
Added MDU text inset. Added redundancy section.
Updated Product List (Appendix A).
Added RMA Process (Appendix C).
Updated all text insets.
3.0 March 2003 Changes include:

Turned P&E Guide into book format.
Updated PON bandwidth allocation. Added
bandwidth planning. Added fiber management
section. Updated NIM power consumption. Added
Ultra powering guidelines. Added Link Aggregation
section. Added new alarm propagation information.
Numbering in Ch. 2 fixed.
Corrections made in Ch.1, 2, 5, & 6 per 3.0 release.
Restructured and refocused document.
Removed product features and specifications.
3.1 September 2003 Added DS3 Loopback illustration to Chapter 5.

Minor grammatical changes throughout.
4.0 September 2004 Restructured and streamlined manual. Removed

redundancy. Created new worksheets.
5.0 July 2005 Added Edge 200, Home 4000, and Xgen 7000.
Removed homeGEAR™ 1000 and homeGEAR™
Ultra. Also removed PON redundancy and Spanning
Tree redundancy.
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 xiii

xiv Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0
Customer Response Center
Introduction
About This Manual
This book contains information necessary to plan and design a network using the Alloptic
system.
Audience
This guide is intended for network planners, system designers, and engineering
consultants associated with the planning and engineering of the Alloptic System.
Where to find help

Phone: In USA 1-866-ALLOPTIC (255-6784)
International +01-925-245-7600
e-mail: support@alloptic.com
Fax: +01-925-245-7601
Special Labels
The following special alerts are used to highlight hazardous conditions or emphasize
procedural information critical to a task.
HAZARD: A Hazard note addresses conditions that could cause personnel

injury or death. Pertinent safety precautions are presented.
CLASS 1 LASER HAZARD: A LASER Hazard note addresses conditions that

could cause eye injury. Pertinent safety precautions are presented.
CAUTION: A Caution note addresses conditions that could damage

equipment. Pertinent preventative precautions are presented.
WARNING: A Warning note addresses conditions that could cause service

interruptions. Pertinent preventative precautions are presented.
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 xv

NOTE: A special note that high lights information important to the successful
completion of a procedure.
BEST PRACTICE: A Best Practice note strongly encourages the user to follow
a given procedure to avoid service interruptions or damage to the product.
REQUIREMENT: An installation requirement that must be observed to prevent

damaged equipment or potential injury.
xvi Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

The Alloptic Advantage
Chapter 1 System Overview
Alloptic® System Overview

The Alloptic Advantage
The Alloptic system utilizes standards-based Gigabit Ethernet as its underlying service
delivery mechanism. Passive Optical Network (PON) functionality is capable of
transporting all legacy services including plain old telephone service (POTS), T1s or E1s,
DS-3 (with full MUXing capabilities), data and IP video. Additionally, RF video is easily
accommodated within the PON’s fiber, or over a separate fiber dedicated to this purpose.
Alloptic has a scalable system that delivers services natively, without translation, circuit
emulation or encapsulation. edgeGEAR 2000 and Edge 200 are converged service
platforms (triple play).
The Benefits of PON

The fundamental benefits of PON technology include simplicity, flexibility, high
bandwidth, and converged services. The converged services include data, TDM, Voice
over IP, RF video and IP video.
Passive optical splitters replace active network components, such as amplifiers, switches
or regenerators from field locations. These splitters fit into standard splice enclosures and
can be conveniently installed as the cable is spliced. Eliminated are expensive controlled
environmental vaults (CEVs), air conditioning requirements, large pedestals, commercial
powering, as well as time consuming technician dispatches.
Secondly, PON technology employs bi-directional communications over a single fiber
strand serving multiple locations. This single strand of fiber can be “split” into many
beams of light, feeding service drops at numerous customer locations. Reducing the
amount of fiber needed by more than half, frequently extends the life span of older fiber
plants whose facilities have become exhausted.
The flexibility of PON allows it to be integrated into many legacy architectures, such as
point-to-point data or hybrid fiber coax (HFC) systems.
Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 1

The Benefits of PON
C O / H ead E n d P assive O p tica l C u sto m er P rem is e

v oice
E lem en t E q u ip m en t
video
ONUs
1
ONU data
.
PO Ns .
1
.
O ptical .
. Splitter .
.
. 32
voice
16
edgeG E A R
chassis
1 video
ONU
O ptical .
S plitter .
. data
.
32
ONU
data
Figure 1: edgeGEAR 2000 PON Overview
CO / Head End Passive Optical Customer Prem ise

voice
Elem ent Equipment
video
ONUs
1
ONU data
.
.
.
PON 1 Optical .
. Splitter .
.
.
R
32
voice
Edge 200 PON 2

chassis
video
1 ONU
Optical .
Splitter .
. data
.
32
ONU
data
Figure 2: Edge 200 PON Overview
2 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Architectural Elements
Architectural Elements
The Alloptic Network consists of these basic elements:
• The central office edgeGEAR 2000 chassis manages the ONUs as well as aggregates
video, data, and telephony feeds from one or more network distribution points. The
edgeGEAR chassis provides Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functions and communicates with the ONUs.
• A smaller version of the edgeGEAR 2000, the Edge 200 manages the ONUs as well as
aggregates video, data, and telephony feeds from one or more network distribution
points. The edgeGEAR chassis provides Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functions and communicates with the ONUs from a central
office or a remote location.
• The Optical Network Unit (ONU):
• FTTB: Fiber to the Business (bizGEAR™ 200)
• FTTH: Fiber to the Home (home 4000)
• FTTmdu: Fiber to the Multi-Dwelling Unit (mduGEAR™ 224 and
aceGEAR)
• FTTCurb: Fiber to the Curb (Xgen 7000)
• tvGEAR™ Video Unit
• The fiber element consists of:
• A single strand of single mode fiber.
• Cascaded splitters (1 x N, 2 x N).
• The edge splitter (1 x N, 2 x N).
• Service Drop to the premise.
Standard System Architecture

The standard system utilizes a two-wavelength PON that supports bi-directional services
using a WDM approach. The downstream services are transmitted at 1490nm. The
upstream services are transmitted at 1310nm.
OLT
ONU
Transceiver Board
Transceiver Board
D --Tx1490 Splitter
D-Rx1490
D -Rx1310
-
WDM
D-Tx1310
WDM
Figure 3: PON System Architecture

System Applications
System Applications
32 Homes
Point-to-Point Ethernet
• 2N fibers
Dual Fiber
• 2N Optical Transmitters
CO
Remote Node 64 Transmitters
32 Homes
Ethernet PON
• N+1 optical transmitters
• No electrical power in field
Single Fiber
• Minimum fibers/space in
CO
32 Upstream Transmitters
1 Common Downstream Transmitter
CO

home 4000
Chapter 2 Alloptic Product Family
Optical Network Unit (ONU) family

Alloptic® networks are created utilizing PON fiber architecture with an OLT (optical line
terminator) installed in a central location and ONUs placed at business or residential
locations. The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis in the head end of the system aggregates traffic
from up to 16 PONs and provides the access points for all data and telephony services that
are offered to subscribers. The chassis also provides all management and control
functionality and interfaces to the ONUs.
Each PON provides up to 1 Gb/s capacity in both upstream and downstream directions.
All of the ONUs attached to the PON share this bandwidth, and individual ONUs have
access to the entire bandwidth if the SLA so directs. The type of ONU installed dictates
the maximum amount of bandwidth and type of service offerings that can be provided at
any particular location.
Alloptic ONUs have been optimized for different applications as follows:
home 4000
home 4000 is optimized for single-family or multi-tenant dwellings. One fiber termination
can feed up to four living units. It includes:
• four individually controlled 10/100BaseT Ethernet ports
• four POTS ports
• one Coax port (Coax cable to TV)
• optional RF Receiver or Transceiver
It is available with built in power and battery backup.
homeGEAR 4000
10/100 Ethernet VOICE
RF MODULE IN 12 VDC 2A OUT DOOR 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Figure 4: home 4000

bizGEAR™ ULTRA
bizGEAR™ ULTRA
The bizGEAR™ ULTRA is designed to provide services to small and medium size
businesses as well as multi-tenant office-building environments. It can provide Ethernet
service and has the ability to separate traffic into multiple streams utilizing advanced
802.1Q VLAN Tagging and advanced Q in Q (double tagging). Telephony services can be
provided using T1/E1 applications or Voice over IP using isolated VLANS for high
security. The bizGEAR™ ONU is temperature hardened and is equally at home in a
telephone closet, distribution cabinet, or data center.
bizGEAR ULTRA
10/100 ETHERNET T1/E1
- + - +
IN 12 VDC 2A OUT 1 2 3 4 1 2
Figure 5: bizGEAR ULTRA
bizGEAR™ 200
This is the most powerful and versatile ONU Alloptic produces. The bizGEAR™ 200
comes standard with four 10/100 Base-T data interfaces and 2 T1/E1 ports. It also
provides 4 expansion slots for additional customer interface cards. It supports full
switching and bridging functionality, data rate shaping, VLAN tagging, Q in Q double
tagging, and Diffserv support.
The optional interfaces include a dual T1-E1 card, a Quad Fast Ethernet interface card,
and a Quad 100BaseFX (mm/sm) optical interface card.
S LOT 1 S LOT 3
T1/E1 SM FX001
AVOID EXPOSURE
LASER LIGHT IS EMITTED FROM
THIS APERTURE
PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Port 1 Port 2 PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4
S LOT 2 S LOT 4
10/100 Ethernet T1 /E1 1 0 /1 0 0 ETHER NET
P ort 1 P ort 2 P ort 3 Port 4

1 2 1 2 3 4 XC VR 2 XCVR1 POWER
DS 1 1 0 /1 0 0 ETHERNET D IAGN OST IC

XCVR1
ALARM P OWER
PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
Figure 6: bizGEAR™ 200

mduGEAR™ 224
mduGEAR™ 224
The mduGEAR™ supports apartment complexes and campus environments. These units
are designed for telephone closet or rack mounting in non-environmentally controlled
locations. It provides 24 10/100 BaseT Ethernet ports, each with individually controlled
bandwidth shaping.
mduGEAR™ 224 supports 2 individually controlled T1/E1 interfaces, allowing telephony
services to be delivered to an apartment complex or campus. mduGEAR™ can deliver RF
video services with the addition of an optional tvGEAR video converter. Battery backed
power options allow lifeline services to be supported for the whole complex. It includes a
full-featured Ethernet switch and allows multiple ports to be “switched” providing a local
LAN service.
mduGEAR
10/100 ETHERNET
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
AVOID EXPOSURE
LASER LIGHT EMMITTED
POWER ALARM FROM THIS APERTURE
T1/E1 SEC
-48 +48
PRI
-48 +48 OUT IN
GND - + - +
XCVR
DIAGNOSTIC 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1 2
Figure 7: mduGEAR 224
aceGEAR
Alloptic’s access concentrator (aceGEAR) is designed to bring data, video and voice
services to businesses, apartment complexes, malls and high rises. It’s designed for
telephone closet or rack mounting in non-environmentally controlled locations.
With up to 24 100BaseFX SPF optical interfaces and two optional T1/E1 ports, aceGEAR
provides high port density and low cost per drop. It includes a full-featured Ethernet
switch and allows multiple ports to be “switched”, providing local LAN service. Battery
backed power options allow lifeline services to be supported for the whole complex.
Delivers RF Video services by adding an optional tvGEAR Video converter.
R
LINK LINK
DIAGNOSTIC CONTROL ALARM POWER
OUTPUT INPUT SEC PRI
1 2 1 2 -48 RTN -48 RTN
LINK EAST
COM 48 VDC 1.5A

100 FX ETHERNET T1 / E1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2
Figure 8: aceGEAR

Xgen 7000
Xgen 7000
Alloptic’s temperature hardened eXtended Gigabit Ethernet Network-terminal (Xgen
7000) is a multiple-service, multiple-port ONU capable of delivering Long Range
Ethernet services over standard telephone lines. It provides 24 high-speed 10BaseS data
lines that, when combined with a 10BaseS modem, can be used to provide a subscriber
with Ethernet service up to 1km over existing Category 3 wiring at speeds from 2 to 15
Mbps symmetric or asymmetric. It provides 2 toll quality T1/E1 interfaces for TDM
services, and it supports a 10/100BaseT Ethernet port for ancillary data services.
This ONU is ideal for installation in residential home complexes where existing wiring
cannot be upgraded or for curb applications where installation of fiber all the way to a
residence is not practical. It’s designed for telephone closet, wall mount or rack mounting
in non-environmentally controlled locations.
PON A PON B
VIDEO OUT
T1/E1
LINK STATUS
ALARM POWER
1 5 9 13 17 21 10BaseS Ethernet 10/100 1 SEC PRI
ETHERNET OUTPUT INPUT
2 6 10 14 18 22 DIAG -48 RTN - 48 RTN
1 2 1 2
3 7 11 15 19 23
4 8 12 16 20 24 2
LINK A LINK B
1-24 COM 48 VDC 1.5A
25 1 2
Figure 9: Xgen 7000

Network Considerations
edgeGEAR 2000
The SCM module has 2 gigabit optical Ethernet ports (SPF, MM or SM) for data traffic.
TDM support:
• 4 DS3s providing channelization to the DS0.
• 112 T1s or 84 E1s.
• 2688 (T1) DS0s or 2520 (E1) DS0s.
• Support for GR303 gateway.
• Support for V5.x Gateway.
PON Considerations
• 8 OLT per chassis
• 16 PONs per chassis
• 32 ONUs per PON
• 4032 VLANs per chassis, 0 through 63 reserved.
Edge 200
The Edge 200 has 2 GE optical (SPF, MM or SM) and 2 10/100BaseT Ethernet network
ports for data traffic.
TDM support:
• 4 T1/E1s providing channelization to the DS0.
• 96 (T1) DS0s or 120 (E1) DS0s.
• Support for TDM voice gateways.
PON Considerations
• 2 PONs per chassis
• 32 ONUs per PON
• 4032 VLANs per chassis, 0 through 63 reserved.

GigaVu™
Operating Systems
GigaVu™
The GigaVu™ local manager is an application that runs on an embedded web server on
each edgeGEAR 2000 chassis. Using web-based point and click technology, the operator
can easily configure all aspects of the system. Additionally, it monitors the status of all
system components and regulates user privileges and security. It is SNMP compliant, and
a common workstation running Microsoft® Internet Explorer version 5.0, or higher, is all
that it requires.
GEMS™
GEMS™ (Gigabit Element Management System) uses the power of a relational database
management system to provide operators with centralized and continual access to multiple
systems. Numerous threshold-crossing values can be set within the system, which can be
used for maintenance and analytical functions. Furthermore, templates can be created that
replace frequently repeated tasks, such as service creation and applying common service
profiles.

General Information
Chapter 3 Site Survey
Overview
This document details the methods and procedures used to perform a site survey in
advance of a field installation of Alloptic network equipment. A complete and
accurate site survey is essential to the installation effort.
This site survey is intended to identify ALL of the items needed for a successful
installation and integration of the Alloptic chassis, the related Optical Network Units
(ONUs), as well as the management software. It can be used in either field trial or
deployment situations.
General Information
Prepared For:
Customer Name: ________________________________
Address: _______________________________________
Prepared By:
Name: _________________________________________
Title: __________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________
Telephone: _____________________________________
Fax: __________________________________________
Pager or Cell: ___________________________________
Email: _________________________________________

General Information
Survey Dates:
Date Scheduled: ____________________
Date Started: _______________________
Date Completed: ____________________
Customer Contacts:
Operations Contacts:
Name: ________________________________________
Title: _________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________
Telephone: ____________________________________
Fax: _________________________________________
Pager or Cell: __________________________________
Email: ________________________________________
Technical Contact:
Name: ________________________________________
Title: _________________________________________
Telephone: ____________________________________
Fax: _________________________________________
Pager or Cell: __________________________________
Email: ________________________________________

Outside Plant
Outside Plant
Connectivity between the Alloptic® chassis and ONUs is made across fiber that the
customer has installed and tested. To this end, the customer is asked to provide test
results confirming that the cable was functioning correctly when it was installed, and
that it meets or exceeds industry specifications for all normal transmission
characteristics such as attenuation and band pass.
Has the fiber distribution center been installed?
Yes it is installed
No, it will be installed on: _______________
Is it single mode cable?

Yes, it is single mode cable that was made by ___________________ under
part number _____________________________
No
Have bi-directional end-to-end OTDR tests been completed?
Yes, and the test results are attached
No, test results will be available on _________________
Does this test indicate that -23dBm can be delivered to each ONU when
the launch is at zero dBm?
Yes
No. What will be done to correct the situation ________________________
Splitters, Splices, and Terminations

Has a diagram detailing the physical layout of the fiber including splitters
been included?
Yes
No

Outside Plant
Has an SC (green) APC style connector been installed at all locations

intended to plug into Alloptic® equipment?
Yes
No
Fiber to the Curb Facilities

Generally, FTTC facilities are contained in a Controlled Environment Vault (CEV) or
enclosure that is environmentally stabilized. The next series of questions describe the
facility intended for use in the installation of the chassis and/or ONUs. Use a different
sheet for each facility.
Describe the exact location of this enclosure(s)

Address: _______________________________________
Cross Street: ____________________________________
Is there adequate space within this enclosure to house the FTTC

ONU(s)?
Yes
No
Is this enclosure environmentally stable?

Yes
No
Is -48VDC available in this enclosure?

Yes
No
Is the source of power “conditioned” with UPS and surge protection?

Yes
No
Is 110VAC available for test set powering?

Yes
No

Services Worksheet
Services Worksheet
Generally, FTTH and FTTB facilities are placed in a room dedicated to telephone and
CATV distribution. The chart below describes the facility intended for use in the
installation of the ONUs. Use a different sheet for each PON.
PON Number: _________________

What TDM What data
ONU What Video
ONU Location services will be services will be
Model Services?
delivered? delivered?
Room Min Max
Physical Address DS-0 DS-1 RF IP
Number BW BW
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Central Office or Head-End Facility

Sufficient physical space, power and cooling needs to be identified and reserved for
the installation.
Physical Space
Is this a secure location?
Yes
No
If so, how is access gained: _________________________________
What Rack(s) location will be reserved? Racks may be either 19” or 23”.
(describe by row, aisle and rack number).
Rack 1: ________________________________________
Rack 2, etc: _____________________________________
How many rack units are available in each rack?
Rack 1: _________________________________________
Rack 2, etc: ______________________________________
Power
Is 110 or 220 VAC available for test and ancillary equipment?
110 VAC
220 VAC
Is this protected with UPS?

Yes
No
Is 10 AMPS of minus 48VDC available for each chassis?
Yes
No
Identify the fuse panel(s) to be used: ________________________________

TDM services
Is BITS composite clock available?
Yes
No
Will DS3 be used?
Yes
No
Will GR 303 or V5.2 be used?

Yes
No
If yes, provide the manufacturer and model number:
_________________________________________________
Upstream Connectivity to Data Services

Is the upstream device capable of providing VLAN tags?
Yes
No
What is the speed, protocol and type of physical connection?
Protocol: _______________________
Speed: _________________________
Connector: ______________________
Upstream Connectivity to IP Content Services

How many channels are available? _____________________
What is the average encoded output bit rate for analog to base-band
encoding? __________________________________
What is the average output bit rate for Digital Turn Around (DTA)? ________
What is the highest output rate for Video on Demand (VOD) services?
_____________________________

Network Integration and Management
Network Integration and Management

IP Administration
The management port on the Alloptic® chassis has a web-based interface (GigaVu™).
The IP Address of this port can be changed so that the chassis may be managed locally
or remotely over the Internet. Many customers find it useful to allow the Alloptic TAC
to have access to the chassis.
What IP address has been reserved as the Primary Chassis IP address?

___________________________
Does a firewall protect this address?
Yes
No
Provide any VPN information needed to reach this port remotely:

___________________________________________________________
Network Management
As previously described, Alloptic® has developed both a local manager (GigaVu) and
an enterprise management system (GEMS). These systems provide the customer with
a means of configuring the Alloptic devices as well as monitoring performance
metrics.
GEMS can be integrated into an Enterprise Management System, such as HP’s
OpenView or MicroMuse’s NetCool. Alloptic will provide a complete MIB set for the
customer’s use in scripting various management tasks.
Will the Alloptic® Element Manager be integrated into any legacy

management systems?
Yes
No
If yes, please identify software and version: __________________________

Acceptance Testing
Acceptance Testing
Alloptic® maintains a rigorous standard testing methodology that validates that the
proposed system(s) are performing properly. A component of this site survey is to
review the test plan for completeness and applicability with the customer. The
customer is expected to review this plan and make modifications before the trial or
installation begins. The customer is expected to provide any specialized test
equipment, and an experienced operator, to perform these tests.
What test sets are available at the customer location?

____________________________________________________
What modifications, if any, have been requested to the standard test

plan?
____________________________________________________
Shipping and Staging

What is the “ship to” address?
Contact Name: __________________________________________

Physical Address: _______________________________________
(Do Not use PO Box, etc.)
Contact Phone Number: ___________________________________
Shipping policies, check those that apply.

Saturday deliveries are acceptable?
A loading dock is available?
A secure staging location can be arranged?

Services and Bandwidth Requirements
Services and Bandwidth Requirements

What services will be provided at the time of deployment?
Data
POTS
T1
IP Video
RF Video in the 50 to 870 meg range
RF Video in the 1 to 2 Gig range
Comments
Please provide any information that you feel could affect the outcome of this installation:
__________________________________________________________________

edgeGEAR 2000
Chapter 4 System Powering
This section covers the basic methods of powering the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis, the Edge
200 chassis, the bizGEAR 200, bizGEAR Ultra, home 4000, mduGEAR™ 224, aceGEAR
and Xgen 7000 ONUs.
Chassis Powering Guidelines

edgeGEAR 2000
The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis is rated at 450 Watts Max Consumption. The recommended
procedure is that you base all power planning for the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis on a full
configuration. This assures adequate power to allow for future growth and expansion. The
following table shows the measured power consumption for a fully loaded, protected
chassis.
Table 1: Fully loaded protected chassis
Item Amps Watts Btu/hr
Chassis with fans 1.09 52.32 178.52
BNC 0.02 00.96 3.28
SCM primary 0.81 38.88 132.66
SCM secondary 0.81 38.88 132.66
OLT 1 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24
OLT 2 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24
OLT 3 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24
OLT 4 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24
OLT 5 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24
OLT 6 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24
OLT 7 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24
OLT 8 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24
NIM primary 0.50 24.00 81.89
NIM secondary 0.50 24.00 81.89
DS3M primary 0.43 20.64 70.43
DS3M secondary 0.43 20.64 70.43
Total 7.63 366.24 1249.66
The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis supports a standard voltage range of -40 to -65 VDC. It
accepts power from -48 VDC central office/head end battery that is equipped with dual (A
and B) battery feed input connections (see the figure below). Each battery feed should be
individually fused with a fast-blow 15A fuse.
A fuse and alarm panel is recommended for fusing and distributing DC to the edgeGEAR
2000 chassis. If a redundant power feed is available, connect it to the B side. The
edgeGEAR 2000 chassis power supply has a diode-combining input that will operate off
either power feeds. No special jumpers are required if only one power feed is employed.

Edge 200
LIGHT AUDIBLE
CRT MJR MNR CRTMJR MNR
A B
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
Rear Chassis View
-48Vdc -48Vdc
10 A 10 A
RTN A RTN B
-48 A CHASSIS A -48 B CHASSIS B
Exploded Exploded Power Pins

Alarm Pin View and Grounding Lugs
Figure 10: edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Powering Guidelines
Edge 200
The Edge 200 chassis is rated at 50 Watts Max Consumption. It requires a 5 Amp circuit.
Base all power planning on a full configuration. This assures adequate power for future
growth and expansion.
Item Watts Btu/hr
Edge 200 Max = 50W Max = 170.607

Typical = 40W Typical = 136.4856
The Edge 200 chassis supports a standard voltage range of -40 to -65 VDC. It accepts
power from dual -48 VDC power feeds. A fuse and alarm panel is recommended for
fusing and distributing DC to the Edge 200 chassis. No special jumpers are required if
only one power feed is employed.

Edge 200
T1/E 1
1 2 3 4
B ITS
10 10 MA MIN
/10 /10 1 G 1 G J A LA RM P OW E R
01 02 E1 E2 OR O R
P ON 1 V IDEO 1 P ON 2 V ID E O 2
OUTPUT INPUT SE C PRI
1 2 1 2 -4 8 RT N -4 8 RT N
IN P UT IN P UT
LINK LINK
10/100 10/100 1GE 1GE D IA G MGMT C OM 48 V DC 1.5A
1 2 1 2
5 4 3 2 1
Phoenix MSTB 5 Connector
-48 +48 GND -48 +48
Backup Power Source

48VDC
Power Brick
OUTPUT:
48 VDC
Building Ground 1.2 A Max
System INPUT:
100-240 VAC
47-83 HZ
Figure 11: Edge 200 Chassis Powering Guidelines

edgeGEAR 2000
Chassis Grounding Guidelines

edgeGEAR 2000
Two grounding points are provided on the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis rear panel. Only
one of the grounding points is used.
The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis should be tied to the office ground separately from the
-48V return. Make this ground common with the office ground. Do not depend
entirely on a mechanical connection to the equipment rack.
G ro u n d in g G ro u n d in g
L ug s R e a r c h a s s is vie w Lugs
w ith w irin g a tta c h e d
D LP 8 0 03
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
Figure 12: Chassis Grounding
Edge 200
One grounding point is provided on the Edge 200 front panel. The Edge 200 chassis
should be tied to the office ground separately from the -48V return. Make this ground
common with the office ground. Do not depend entirely on a mechanical connection
to the equipment rack.
T1/E1
1 2 3 4
BITS
10 10/1 MA M
/10 0 1G 1G JO INO ALARM POWER
01 02 E1 E2 R R PON 1 VIDEO 1 PON 2 VIDEO 2
OUTPUT INPUT SEC PRI
1 2 1 2 -48 RTN -48 RTN
INPUT INPUT
LINK LINK
10/100 10/100 1GE 1GE DIAG MGMT COM 48 VDC 1.5A
1 2 1 2
Building Ground

ONU Grounding Guidelines
ONU Powering Guidelines
ONU Input Pow er Pow er Consumption Pow er Supply Option
12 VDC nom inal

bizGEAR Ultra (10 to 16 VDC) 20 W atts Brick or UPS
-48 VDC nom inal
bizGEAR 200 (-40 to -65 VDC) 40 W atts Max Brick or UPS
12 VDC nom inal Brick, UPS or UPS

hom e 4000 (10 to 16 VDC) 18 W atts Charger with Battery
Brick or a UPS Charger
m duGEAR -40 to -65 VDC 50 W atts Max with Battery
aceGEAR -48 VDC dual input 50 W atts Max with Battery
Xgen 7000 -48 VDC dual input 50 W atts Max with Battery
Brick or Power supplied

by m duGEAR or
tvGEAR 12 VDC 10 W atts aceGEAR
SF Optical Receiver 12 VDC 3 W atts by hom e 4000
DF Optical Receiver 12 VDC 3 W atts by hom e 4000
Brick, UPS or hom e
Optical Transceiver 12 VDC 4 W atts 4000
Figure 13: ONU Powering Guidelines
Each ONU must be provided with an earth ground for safety and equipment protection
(25 ohms or less). Usually a good local ground rod connection is sufficient. Do not use
power company neutral for a ground.
CAUTION: Equipment damage can result if the customer fails to provide a

good local ground at each ONU, especially in installation exposed to
lightning activity.

Power Supplies Specifications
Power ONU Operating

Power Notes
Supplies Compatibility Temp
Input Output
PSB8001 bizGEAR Ultra 100 - 240 12 VDC 0 to 45°C

APC plus home 4000 VAC (24 Watts)
Battery

APX Brick home 4000 VAC (24 Watts)
SF Optical Receiver
Optical Receiver
Optical Transceiver

APX Brick w/ home 4000 VAC (24 Watts)
International SF Optical Receiver
Plug Kit Optical Receiver
Optical Transceiver
PSB1003 bizGEAR Ultra 100 - 240 12 VDC -40 to 65°C BAT1001

Hardened home 4000 VAC (30 Watts) (charger) hardened
Charger for battery for the
metal OSP -65 to 80°C PSB1003.
(batteries)
PSB1001 bizGEAR 200 100 - 240 48 VDC -20 to 45°C

APC Charger mduGEAR™ 224 VAC (50 Watts)
plus Battery aceGEAR
Xgen 7000
tvGEAR
PSAC001 bizGEAR 200 100 - 240 48 VDC 0 to 50°C

Brick mduGEAR™ 224 VAC (60 to 65
aceGEAR Watts)
Xgen 7000
tvGEAR

Chapter 5 Optical Budget
The central office chassis requires only one fiber and one OLT module to fully
communicate with all of the ONUs on a PON.
However, Alloptic recommends that a second fiber be used, and that the central
office chassis be equipped with redundant OLT modules for high-end business
customers who require ultra-high stability of service.
Fiber Optic Budget Guidelines

Splitter, fiber, splice and connector losses are the primary factors that affect the optical
budget. Optical degradation and receiver desensitization are primary factors when
considering headroom calculations. Distance is a factor of available light level.
These factors have been planned for in the following optical budget guidelines.
• Downstream communication is at 1490 nm and the upstream at 1310 nm over the
same fiber.
• Since the optical loss is greater at 1310 nm, loss calculations are normally made at
1310 nm.
• Maximum loss allowed between the chassis and an ONU is 24 dB in both directions.
• Optical Planning is the lesser of the two wave lengths, or 25dBm.
Downstream Loss Budget Upstream Loss Budget
Chassis Tx 3 dB ONU Tx 0 dB
ONU Rx 24 dB Chassis Rx 27 dB
Margin -2 dB Margin -2 dB
Budget 25 dB Budget 25 dB
The ONU Loss Budget is the Sum of the Launch Power + the Receive Sensitivity.

Fiber Optic Budget for RF Applications
Fiber Optic Budget for RF Applications

The optical budget is affected when WDM is utilized for RF video applications. A
transmitter and EDFA amplifier are required at the chassis for each PON serving area. At
the ONU location, the receiver can be either a stand-alone device or configured using a
single (Figure 14) or dual fiber solution (Figure 16).
The following figures and tables illustrate the effective range and associated loss
assumptions for a home 4000 RF Video application.
Single Fiber Solution

Analog to
Optical
Satellite
Transmitter
dish or EDFA
Content (1550nm)
Source
CONVENTIONAL
Feeder Fiber TELEVISION
RG6
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis COAX
Video RF
Output
Optical PON 1490nm
Downstream
1310nm Upstream
Third Lamda
Downstream
1550nm
1 Drop Fiber
x
32
PON Splitter
WDM Input homeGEAR
ONU
Figure 14: Single Fiber Solution

Loss Assumptions
Analog to
Optical
Satellite Transmitter
dish or EDFA
Content (1550nm)
Source
CONVENTIONAL
TELEVISION
RG6
COAX
Feeder Fiber Video RF
Output
2.5 Km
Edge 200 Optical PON 1490nm

Home 4000
Downstream
1310nm Upstream ONU
Third Lamda
Downstream
1550nm
1 RF Optical
Drop Fiber
x Receiver
32 1.5 Km
PON Splitter
R
WDM Input
Figure 15: Calculating Loss Budget
Loss Assumptions
The following are typical loss assumptions. Your results may vary depending upon the
optical loss.
Table 2: WDM Video - ONU distribution loss assumptions
Device Loss
Connectors 0.2 dB (ea.)
Fiber loss @1490/1550 nm per km 0.25 dB
Fiber loss @1310 nm per km 0.35 dB
1 x 32 splitter loss/leg 17.5 dB
Table 3: Loss Specification for 3rd Lamda @ 1550nm

Device Loss Output or Input Level
EDFA Output +18.0 dBm

OLT insertion loss @1550 nm 2.0 dB
ONU insertion loss @1550 nm 2.0 dB
Optical Receiver Input Range -2.0 to -6.0 dBM

Loss Assumptions
Table 4: WDM Video - ONU Distribution 1490/1550 Total Loss Budget

QTY dB/km Loss
Feeder Fiber 2.5 km 0.25 0.625
Splitter 1x32 17.500
Drop Fiber 1.5 km 0.25 0.375
Connectors 5 0.20 1.000
Margin 1.000
Loss Budget 20.500
NOTE: Budget is typical of all ONUs.

Two Fiber Solution
Two Fiber Solution

Using a two-fiber distribution network has 2 primary benefits.
• Permits additional range
A 32 ONU PON w/one-fiber will typically be able to reach about 10km. This same
PON cannot support WDM. There is not enough budget to absorb the insertion loss. A
16 ONU PON will reach 20km.
Adding a 3rd lambda will decrease this range to about 9km do to the insertion loss.
This makes a 2-fiber solution very appealing when greater distance is needed to reach
customers (Figure 16).
• Provides RF Return Path
With a fiber dedicated to video only, the 3rd lambda technique, you can open your
network to more than one provider. Alloptic Optical to Electrical converters (O to E)
can support different wavelengths allowing you to have up to three providers sharing
one fiber (Figure 16).
Analog to
Optical
Satellite Transmitter EDFA
dish or
(1550nm)
Content
Source
Feeder
Fiber
Optical PON
1490nm
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Downstream
1310nm Upstream
1 PORT 1 2
SLOT1
3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2
SLOT 3
3 4 5 6
x
SLOT 2 S LOT4
T1 /E1 10/100ETHERNET
1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 XCVR1 POWER
DS 1 10/100 ETHERNET DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

ALARM POWER
32 Drop 1 2 1 2 3 4
PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
Fiber bizGEAR ONU

PON Splitter
with WDM Filter
CONVENTIONAL
TELEVISION
Feeder
1
Fiber
x 34PT
Video PON 32 Drop

Fiber tvGEAR Transceiver
Downstream
PON Splitter
1550nm
Figure 16: Dual Fiber Application

Splitter Configuration and Loss Budget

The following sections show the typical effective range and associated loss budget for the
Alloptic system in various 1xN splitter configurations. (2xN splitters have roughly the
same effective range.)
Table 5: Equipment Loss
Description Loss Budget
SC/APC Connector .25 dB (EA)

Splicer loss .025 dB
Fiber loss @ 1490/1550 nM per km 0.25 dB
Fiber loss @ 1310 nM per km 0.35 dB
1 x 2 Splitter loss 3.5 dB
PON Distribution
In a simple PON distribution model, the splitter is normally located near the ONU
installation areas.
SLOT 1 SLOT 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
SLOT 2 SLOT 4
DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

T1/E1
1 2
10/100 ETHERNET
1 2 3 4
XCVR1
XCVR2 X CV R1 POW ER ONU 1
DIAGNOSTIC A LAR M POW ER
PON MAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2 1 2 3 4
edgeG EAR 2000 Chassis

r
be
Fi
p
ro
D
Feeder PON ONU 1

Fiber Distribution Thru
1 x 32 Fibers ONU 32
Splitter
SLOT 1 SLO T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
SLO T 2 SLOT 4
T1/E1 10/100 ETHERNET
D S1 10/100 ETHER NET DIAGNOSTIC AL AR M POW ER

1 2 1 2 3 4
XCVR1
XCVR2 X CV R 1 POW ER
ONU 32
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONM AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
Figure 17: Simple PON Distribution

The loss assumptions are shown in Table 6; the total loss budget is shown in Table 7.
Table 6: Simple PON Distribution Loss Assumptions
Device Loss
Table 7: Simple PON Distribution Total Loss Budget

QTY dB/km Loss
Splitter 1x32 17.50
Drop Fiber 5.0 km 0.25 1.25
Margin 1.00
Loss Budget 22.50

Cascaded PON Distribution

The first splitter allows smaller groups of ONUs to be geographically diverse. Second and
third tier PON feeders and splitters provide service to widely separated installation
clusters. Deployment distance with this ONU model is approximately 20 km, depending
upon the optical loss.
Drop Fiber D S1 10/100 ETH ERN ET DIA G NO S TI C ALAR M POW ER

P O RT 1 2
1
T 1/E1
2
S LO T 1
1
3 4
SL O T 2
5
10/100 ET HE RNET
2
6 PO RT 1 2
3 4
XCVR1
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
X C V R 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
ONU 1
P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
S LO T 1 S LO T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
1x4
S LO T 2
T 1/E 1
ONU 2
10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C VR 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
D S1 10/100 ETH ER N ET DIA G NO STI C ALAR M POW ER XCVR1
PON MA C 0 0:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
Splitter P O RT 1 2
S LO T 1
3 4
SL O T 2
5 6 PO RT 1 2
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
Drop Fiber
T 1/E1 10/100 ET HE RNET
D S1
1 2
10/100 ETH ERN ET
1 2 3 4
DI AG NO ST IC ALAR M POW ER
1 2 1 2 3 4
X CV R1
X C V R 2 X C VR 1 P OW ER
P ON MA C 00:03:d0 :20 :0 0:a 4

ONU 3
S LO T 1 S LO T 3
P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 4
SL O T 2
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C V R 2 X C VR 1 P OW ER
D S1 10/100 ETH ERN ET X CV R1

DI AG NO ST IC ALAR M POW ER
P ON MA C 00:03:d0 :20 :0 0:a 4

1 2 1 2 3 4
Drop Fiber 1x4 P O RT 1 2

S LO T 1
3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2
SL O T 3
3 4 5 6
Splitter
S LO T 2
ONU 5
T1/E 1 10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 XC V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R
D S1 10/100 ETH ER N ET DIA G NO S TIC ALAR M POW ER XCVR1
Downstream > 1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:2 0:00:a4
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 6
S LO T 2
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C VR 2 X CV R 1 P OW ER
D S1 10/100 ETH ER N ET X CV R1
DI AG NO ST IC AL ARM POW ER
P ON MA C 00:03:d0:20 :00 :a 4
1 2 1 2 3 4
Edge 200 Chassis

S LO T 1 SL O T 3
P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
D S1 10/100 ETH ER N ET DIA G NO S TIC ALAR M POW ER

1
T1/E 1
2 1
S LO T 2
10/100 E THERNE T
2 3 4
XCVR1
XC V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R ONU 7
R
R
Feeder 1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:2 0:00:a4
1 2
T1/E 1
3 4
Fiber
B ITS
10 10/ MA MIN
/10 10 1G 1G JO A LA RM P OW E R
0 1 0 2 E1 E 2 R OR P ON 1 V IDE O 1 P ON 2 V IDE O 2
OUTPUT INPUT SE C PRI
1 2 1 2 -4 8 RT N -4 8 RT N
INP UT INP U T
LINK LINK
10/100
1
10/100
2
1GE
1
1G E
2
D IA G MGMT COM 48 V DC 1.5A
1x2
Splitter
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 8
S LO T 2
1 2 1 2 3 4 X CV R 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
DS1 10/100 ETH ER N ET DI AG NO ST IC ALARM POW ER

XCVR1
P ON MA C 0 0:0 3:d 0:20:00:a4

1 2 1 2 3 4
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 9
S LO T 2
< Upstream
1 2 1 2 3 4 X CV R 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
DS1 10/100 ETH ER N ET DI AG NO ST IC ALARM POW ER XCVR1
1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 0 0:0 3:d 0:20:00:a4
1x4 D S1 10/100 ETH ER NET

P O RT 1 2
1
T1/ E1
2
SL O T 1
3 4
SL O T 2
5 6 P O RT 1 2
10/100 ET HE RNET
1 2 3 4
XCVR1
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
X C V R 2 X C V R1 POW E R
ONU 10
DIAG NO S TIC ALAR M POW ER
Splitter 1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 00 :03 :d0 :2 0:0 0:a4
S LO T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
S LO T 2
ONU 11
1 2 1 2 3 4 XC V R 2 XC V R 1 P OWE R
DS1 10/100 ETH ER N ET DIA G NO ST IC ALAR M POW ER X CV R1
P ON MA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
1x4
S LO T 2
ONU 12
T1/ E1 10/ 100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C V R2 XC V R 1 P OWE R
D S1 10/100 ET HER N ET X CV R1
DIAG NO ST IC ALAR M POW ER
P ON MA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
Splitter D S1 10/100 ETH ERN ET DIA G NO S TIC ALAR M POW ER

P O RT 1 2
1
T 1/E1
2 1
S LO T 1
3 4
SL O T 2
2
5
10/100 ET HE RNET
6 P O RT 1 2
3 4
XCVR1
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
X C V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R
ONU 13
1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:2 0:00:a4
S LO T 1 S LO T 3
P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 14
SL O T 2
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R
D S1 10/100 ETH ERN ET DIA G NO S TIC ALAR M POW ER

XCVR1
1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:2 0:00:a4
Figure 18: Cascaded PON Distribution
Making the loss assumptions in Table 8, the total loss budget is shown in Table 9.
Table 8: Cascaded PON Distribution Loss Assumptions
Device Loss

Table 9: Cascaded PON Distribution Total Loss Budget

QTY dB/km Loss
Splitter 1 x 2 1 3.50
Margin 1.00
Loss Budget 22.75
Branching PON Distribution

Using unbalanced optical splitters allows for greater serving distance. It allows smaller
groups of ONUs to be geographically diverse. Second and third tier PON feeders and
splitters provide service to widely separated installation clusters. Deployment distances
with this model can be up to 15 km, depending upon the optical loss.
ONU 1 SLOT 1 SLO T 3

ONU 2 SLOT 1 SLO T 3
ONU 3 SLOT 1 SL OT 3
ONU 4 SLOT 1 SLOT 3
PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
SLOT 2 SLOT 2
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis

SLOT 2 SLOT 2 T1/E1
T1/E1 10/100 ETHERNET T1/E1 10/ 100 ET HERNET T1/E1 10/100 ETHERNET 10/100 ETHERNET
1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 X CVR1 P OWER 1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 X CVR1 P OWER 1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 XCVR1 POWER 1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR 2 XCVR 1 POWE R
DS1 10/100 ETHERNET ALARM POW ER

XCVR1
DS1 10/100 ETHERNET XCVR1 DS1 10/100 ETHERNET XCVR1 DS1 10/100 ETHERNET DIAGNOSTIC ALARM POW ER
XCVR1
DIAG NOST IC DIAG NOST IC ALARM POW ER DIAG NOST IC ALARM POW ER
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4 1 2 1 2 3 4 P ONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4 1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
20% Power
Drop Fiber Drop Fiber Drop Fiber Drop Fiber
Feeder 80% Power ONU 5 SLO T 1 SLOT 3
Fiber PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
1x2 1x2 1x2

SLO T 2
1x2
T1/E1 10/100 ETHERNET
1 2 1 2 3 4 XC VR2 XCV R1 POW ER
DS1 10/100 ETHERNET XCVR1

DIAGNO STIC ALARM POW ER
Drop Fiber Drop Fiber Drop Fiber 1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
Splitter Splitter Splitter Splitter

#1 #2 #3 #4 Drop Fiber
Figure 19: Branching PON Distribution

Making the loss assumptions in Table 10, the total loss budget is shown in Table 11.
Table 10: Branching PON Distribution Loss Assumptions
Device Loss
Table 11: Branching PON Distribution Total Loss Budget

QTY dB/km Loss
Drop Fiber 3.0 km 0.25 .75
Drop Fiber 3.0 km 0.25 .75
Margin 1.00
Loss Budget 24.00
NOTE: Connector count assumes splitters are spliced.

n

Chapter 6 Bandwidth Considerations
Chassis Bandwidth Allocation

The edgeGEAR 2000 supports up to 8 PONs at 1 GB full duplex bandwidth in Lite
Density Mode. Lite mode also allows OLT hardware card protections. High Density Mode
supports up to 16 PONs at 500 Mb full duplex bandwidth. This mode does not provide
hardware card protection.
Edge 200 Chassis

The Edge 200 supports two PONs at 1 Gb full duplex bandwidth.
Both Chassis
Each PON can support up 32 ONUs, which come in several configurations and provide
interfaces for Ethernet, POTS, E1/T1 and RF/CATV. When planning a service area and
allocating bandwidth, the following factors must be considered.
• Number of ONUs on the PON
• Services assigned to each ONU
• Operational Overhead (OA&M)
• Auto ranging
Auto Ranging Bandwidth Requirements

Auto ranging requires upstream bandwidth to operate. The PON will automatically
calculate the amount of bandwidth required to perform the auto ranging task based on the
PON maximum range setting and deduct that value from the available upstream
bandwidth. The formula is as follows:
Distance in Meters x .0058912.
i.e. 20,000 meters x .0058912 = 117.824Mbs.
Each Kilometer requires 5.8192Mbs.
Table 12: Auto Ranging Bandwidth Requirements
Max Range BW Required (Upstream)
20,000 Meters 117.824
10,000 Meters 58.912
5000 Meters 29.456
2000 Meters 11.7824

Assigning Bandwidth to Data Services
ONU Bandwidth Requirements

Bandwidth is required to operate and manage each ONU. The requirements are different
for each model group. There are two basic groups, bizGEAR 200 and all other GEAR.
Table 13: bizGEAR 200 ONU Bandwidth Requirements

bizGEAR 200 Upstream BW Downstream BW
OLT A/D OLT B/C in High
OLT B in Lite Mode Density Mode
bizGEAR 200 28.8Mbs 28.8Mbs 1.024Mbs
Table 14: All Other ONU Bandwidth Requirements

All Other GEAR Upstream BW Downstream BW
OLT A/D OLT B/C in High
OLT B in Lite Mode Density Mode
home 4000 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs
bizGEAR Ultra 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs
mduGEAR™ 224 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs
aceGEAR 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs
Xgen 7000 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs
Assigning Bandwidth to Data Services

Each user can be assigned its own layer 2 VLAN and can have its own unique bandwidth
allocation settings, upstream Min/Max and downstream Min/Max.
bizGEAR 200
When a new bizGEAR 200 is added, 28.8 Mbs upstream and 1.024 Mbs downstream is
removed from the system’s overall available bandwidth. When a VLAN Service is
created, no bandwidth is taken away from the PON until it exceeds the 15 Mb data rate.
No bandwidth is required to manage the cards themselves.
Other GEAR
The home 4000, mduGEAR, aceGEAR, Xgen 7000 and bizGEAR Ultra only reserve
enough bandwidth to mange themselves. These ONU do not reserve any excess bandwidth
to use when creating VLAN Services.

VLAN Services
Service Bandwidth Requirements

Service offerings drive the bandwidth requirements at the ONU, the PON and at the
chassis network ports. Each service type requires different levels of bandwidth support.
The network port and PON send and receive traffic at gigabit line speeds. The actual
traffic shaping takes place at the ONU layer.
VLAN Services
VLAN services refer to ONU users configured for Ethernet ports on an ONU.
• Every ONU user configured must have a VLAN ID hence “VLAN Services”.
VLAN services can drive many different applications, such as IP Video, VoIP, etc. When
configuring a VLAN rate or bandwidth, the system will add additional bandwidth to the
configured rate for management purposes.
• The amount added is based on the following formula: Rate + 5% = Total.
(rounded to the nearest 64kbs).
• This is the amount that will be taken from the PON bandwidth table. It will not
be visible at the ONU level, i.e., the maximum bandwidth setting of
100.032Mbs + 5% = 105.024Mbs.
Symmetrical VLAN Configurations

With a symmetrical VLAN configuration, bandwidth usage is straightforward.
• i.e. 10Mbs upstream (9.984 + .448 = 10.432 actual) min/max and 10Mbs
downstream min/max.
• The formula for ONUs with more than one user is “the sum of the minimums or
the largest maximum, whichever is greater".
• If only one user, both minimums are guaranteed.
• Using the numbers from above, the ONU would reserve the sum of the
minimums.
Table 15: Symmetrical VLAN Configurations Example
Upstream Downstream
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
VLAN 64 *9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)
VLAN 65 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)
VLAN 66 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)
VLAN 67 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)
Total 41.728 10.432 41.728 10.432
* Indicates the bandwidth plus 5% for management and was added for clarification. The
additional 5% bandwidth increase is not shown at the ONU level.

IP Video Bandwidth Requirements
Asymmetrical VLAN Configurations

Asymmetrical services have different min/max values, so the formula is more complex.
Each ONU is given a minimum guaranteed bandwidth based on "the sum of the
minimums or the largest maximum, whichever is greater".
• Using this, if we configure 4 VLANs on an ONU, each having 10Mbs min. and
100Mbs max, the total of the minimums is less than the largest of the
maximums.
• Therefore, the reserved bandwidth for this ONU is going to be 100Mbs (105.024
actual).
Table 16: Asymmetrical VLAN Configurations Example
Upstream Downstream
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
VLAN 64 *9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)
VLAN 65 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)
VLAN 66 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)
VLAN 67 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)
Total 41.728 105.024 41.728 105.024
* Indicates the bandwidth plus 5% for management and was added for clarification. The
additional 5% bandwidth increase is not shown at the ONU level.
IP Video Bandwidth Requirements

The Alloptic system participates in IGMP sessions to maximize bandwidth efficiency.
When configuring IP Video, there are two locations to set downstream bandwidth and one
location to set upstream bandwidth. These settings are taken out of the overall PON and
Network port bandwidth allocations.
• Downstream bandwidth is set on the Network and PON ports.
• The upstream bandwidth is set on the ONU.

DS1 and DS0 Bandwidth Requirements
DS1 and DS0 Bandwidth Requirements

The bandwidth required for a T1 is the same as for an E1, only the number of DS0s will
change. The amount for each type of service is 3.584Mbs for a full T1 and 4.992Mbs for a
full E1. Both upstream and downstream will be deducted from the PON bandwidth tables.
Since these services do not touch the network ports, there is no bandwidth removed from
these tables.
Table 17: DS1 Bandwidth Requirements
ONU Upstream Downstream
DS1 0.512 0.512
DS0-1 0.128 0.128
DS0-2 0.128 0.128
* DS0-3 0.128 0.128
Total 3.584 3.584
* Although the table shows only 3 DS0s, the total is

for 1 DS1 and 24 DS0s.
Table 18: TDM Bandwidth

1000 Mbs 1000 Mbs
PON Starting/Used Starting/Used
Upstream/Remain Downstream/Remain
ONU 28.800 971.200 22.784 977.216
* User #1 0.128 971.072 0.128 977.088
DS1 0.512 970.560 0.512 976.576
DS0-1 0.128 970.432 0.128 976.448
DS0-2 0.128 970.304 0.128 976.320
* DS0-3 0.128 970.176 0.128 976.192
* In order to show the full TDM bandwidth being deducted, a user was created to exceed the 16
Mbs reserved at the ONU. This table shows only 3 DS0s.

POTS Bandwidth Requirements
POTS Bandwidth Requirements

Four POTS ports, also called AVM (Audio Voice Module), are available on the home 4000
ONU. The module requires 192Kbs for management, and each port requires an additional
128Kbs per POTS port.
Table 19: POTS Bandwidth
ONU Upstream Downstream
AVM Mod 0.192 0.192
POTS-1 0.128 0.128
POTS-2 0.128 0.128
POTS-3 0.128 0.128
POTS-4 0.128 0.128
Total 0.704 0.704
Table 20: POTS Bandwidth

1000 Mbs 1000 Mbs
PON Starting/Used Starting/Used
Upstream/Remain Downstream/Remain
ONU 12.800 987.200 6.784 993.216
* User #1 0.128 987.072 0.128 993.088
AVM Mod 0.192 986.880 0.192 992.896
POTS-1 0.128 986.752 0.128 992.768
POTS-2 0.128 986.624 0.128 992.640
POTS-3 0.128 986.496 0.128 992.512
POTS-4 0.128 986.368 0.128 992.384
* In order to show the full POTS bandwidth being deducted, a user was created to exceed the
16 Mbs reserved at the ONU.

Services Bandwidth Total per PON

Calculate bandwidth total per PON. Create a new worksheet for each. Enter the number
(Qty) of ports with each service. Enter the highest maximum for any port.
Services Bandwidth Assumptions

Fixed Bandwidth for DS1 and POTS.
• DS1 = 3.0 Mb
• POTS = 0.13 Mb
Auto Ranging = 5 Mb per kilometer upstream
OA&M:
• bizGEAR 200 = 28.8 (upstream)
• All others = 12.8 (upstream)
• All = 1.024 (downstream)
Maximum Bandwidth:
• Up to 1 Gb is available in both directions for Lite Mode (edgeGEAR 2000 or
Edge 200).
• Up to 500 Mb is available in both directions for High Mode (edgeGEAR 2000
only).

Sample Services Bandwidth Total per PON

* Enter the Highest Maximum for each port.
** Cut off the worksheet at 1 Gb or 500 Mb depending upon Lite or High Density Mode.
Table 21: Services Bandwidth Total per PON
PON # _________1_____________
*Downstream *Upstream
Service QTY
Bandwidth Bandwidth
Ethernet 12 4 Mb 4 Mb
ONU # 1 DS1 2 6 Mb 6 Mb
bizGEAR 200 POTS
OAM 1.024 28.8

Ethernet 4 4 4
ONU # 2 DS1
home 4000 POTS 4 0.52 0.52
OAM 1.024 12.8
Ethernet 24 1.54 1.54
ONU # 3 DS1 2 6 6
mduGEAR™ 224 POTS
OAM 1.024 12.8
Ethernet 1 4 4
ONU # 4 DS1
homeGEAR Ultra POTS 4 0.52 0.52
OAM 1.024 12.8
Ethernet 4 4 4
ONU # 5 DS1 2 6 6
bizGEAR Ultra POTS 4 0.52 0.52
OAM 1.024 12.8
Auto Ranging 0 88.368 Mb/s
Total 42.22 205.468
** Max Bandwidth 500 500
Avail Bandwidth (Max Bandwidth - Total) 457.78 294.532

SCM Modules
Chapter 7 Service Area Planning
Overview
The first step in planning the Service Area is to associate service requirements with
equipment. The guidelines and worksheets in this chapter will assist you in determining
the type and number of Edge 200 chassis, edgeGEAR 2000 chassis and cards (DS3M and
OLT), and ONUs you need for economic deployment in the access network.

SCM Modules
The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis uses the SCM network module to provide bandwidth to the
EPON network. The SCM has two SFP GBIC ports (MM or SM). Each port provides 1
Gigabit of bandwidth for guaranteed data traffic to upstream routers/switches across an 8
gigabit chassis backplane.
The two SCM ports can be aggregated into a single logical gigabit port group using
802.3ad. All VoIP telephony services can be connected to the core network via standard
GbE optical interfaces from the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis.
OLT Modules
The edgeGEAR 2000 platform can handle up to 8 OLT modules. Each OLT module
supports 2 PONs. The OLT PON ports are driven by a 1 Gigabit single mode Passive
Optical Network Transceiver or PONTER. Each PON supports up to 32 ONUs.
DS3M Modules
Alloptic provides 4 standard channelized DS3 interfaces (BNC/Coax) to the core network
for all TDM based services, including POTS and T1/E1. This standard interface may be
connected or adapted to allow connections to the PSTN. The DS3 cards provide full
DACS and MUX from 3.1.0.
• If TDM is supported on the chassis:
• Total DS1 traffic per chassis going to DS3 ports is limited to 112 networked
T1s or 84 networked E1s.
• External GR303 gateway POTS circuits are limited to 672 per DS3 port on
the DS3M module, for a total of 2,688 voice (POTS) circuits.
• External V5.x Gateway POTS circuits are limited to 630 per DS3 port, for a
total of 2520 voice circuits per chassis.

DS3 Interface Characteristics

Table 22: DS3 Interface Characteristics
Supported Standards Features Supported on DS3
Bellcore Loopback Diagnostics
TR-TSY-000009 M23 framing mode
TR-NWT-000499 Cbit Framing mode
ANSI Publications Unframed
ANSI T1.102 - 1987 E1/T1 software selection
ANSI T1.107 & 107a - 1990 Configurable line build out
ANSI T1.404-199x B3ZS Line coding
ANSI T1.231 Clear Channel signaling
ITU Line timing options
G.703
G.704
G.706
G.747
G.775
RFC 2496

edgeGEAR 2000 Module Worksheet
edgeGEAR 2000 Module Worksheet

Table 23: Module Calculation Worksheet
Service Area _____________________ C/O ___________________
Module
DS3 Yes ___________ If yes, order DS3 and BNC Modules.
No ____________
Redundancy If yes, order second DS3 Module.
SCM Redundancy
Yes __________ If yes, order two SCM Modules.
No ___________ If no, order one SCM Module.
OLT # PONs per Chassis ___________
# of cards ___________ Divide the above number by 2.
Redundancy (for Lite mode only) If above 8 PONs, redundancy is not

possible. High mode must be used.
Yes ________ Multiply the number of cards by 2 to

determine the number of OLT needed.
No _________ Order the number of OLT cards

calculated above.

edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Worksheet
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Worksheet

Table 24: Chassis Calculation Worksheet
Service Area ________________ C/O ____________________
Module Totals
OLT 8 per Chassis Divide Total OLT from the Module

worksheet by 8 to determine the number
of Chassis required.
SCM 2 per Chassis Order 1 or 2 per chassis required.
DS3 2 per Chassis Order 1 or 2 per chassis if DS3 is

required on each chassis.
BNC 1 per Chassis Order 1 per chassis if DS3 are required.
Racks 4 Chassis per Rack Calculate the number of racks needed.
Total Chassis Needed:
Total Racks Needed:
Edge 200 Chassis

Network Ports
The Edge 200 uses two 10/100BaseT and two GbE ports to provide bandwidth to the
EPON network. The GbE ports have SFP GBIC ports. Each port provides 1 Gigabit of
bandwidth. Like speed network ports, set to full duplex, can be aggregated into a single
logical port group using 802.3ad.
PON Ports
The Edge 200 platform can have two PON ports. A one Gigabit single mode passive
optical network transceiver or PONTER drives each PON.
T1/E1 Ports
Alloptic provides four channelized T1/E1 interfaces (RJ48) to the core network for all
TDM based services, including POTS. The T1/E1 ports provide full DACS and MUX
capabilities. You may connect or adapt these interfaces to allow connection to the PSTN.


Table 25: DS1 Interface Characteristics
Supported Standards
Bellcore
TR-TSY-000009
TR-NWT-000499
GR.909
ANSI Publications
ANSI T1.102 - 1987
ANSI T1.107 & 107a - 1990
ANSI T1.404-199x
ANSI T1.231
ITU
G.703
G.704
G.706
G.747
G.775
IEEE
802.3
802.1Q
802.1P
Table 26: DS1 Features Supported

Features Supported on DS1
Loopback Diagnostics
TDM Performance Monitoring
E1/T1 software selection
Configurable line build out
T1 Framing Support: SF and ESF
E1 Framing Support: Basic, CRC, MF,
CRCMF and unframed.
Line Coding: B8ZS, AMI and HDB3
Clear Channel signaling
Line timing options

Edge 200 PON Worksheet
Edge 200 PON Worksheet

Table 27: Total PON Calculation
Service Area ________________ C/O ____________________
Module Totals
ONU 32 per PON Divide total number ONUs required by

32 to determine the total PONs
required.
Total PONs Needed:
Edge 200 Chassis Worksheet

Table 28: Chassis Calculation Worksheet
Service Area ________________ C/O ____________________
Module Totals
PON 2 per Chassis Divide by 2 the total PON required to

determine the number of Chassis
required.
T1/E1 4 per Chassis Divide by 4 the total number of T1/E1

lines required.
Racks 20 Chassis per Rack Calculate the number of racks needed.

Follow local guidelines and codes.
Total Chassis Needed:
Total Racks Needed:

ONU Equipment Planning Worksheet
ONU Planning Guidelines

Use the following guidelines to plan the type and number of ONUs required based upon
service area requirements.
Step 1. Identify the Service Area.
•Fill in the worksheet header for Service Area, CO/Headend name or location,
and PON ID.
Step 2. Enter the number of analog telephone lines.
Step 3. Enter the number of 10/100BaseT Ethernet lines.
Step 4. Enter the number of 10/100BaseFX Ethernet lines.
Step 5. Enter the number of 10BaseS Ethernet lines.
Step 6. Enter the number of DS1 ports required.
• Count fractions as whole DS1s.
Step 7. Enter the number of CATV ports required.
Step 8. Use Table 29 and Table 30 to determine the type and number of ONUs to order.

Table 29: ONU Equipment Calculation Worksheet
Service Area ________________ CO/Headend ______________
PON ID
Item Unit Planning Parameters Current Growth Total
1 Analog Telephone Lines
2 10/100 BaseT Ethernet ports
3 10/100 BaseFX Ethernet ports
4 10BaseS Ethernet ports
5 DS1 Ports Required
(count fractions as full T1/E1s)
6 CATV Ports Required
7 Determine type and number of ONUs
required.
Use the chart below for assistance.

Table 30: ONU Ports

Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
DS1 POTS
10/100BaseT 10/100BaseFX 10BaseS
bizGEAR 200 4, up to 16 more up to 16 0 2 0
optional optional
bizGEAR Ultra 4 0 0 2 optional 4 optional
home 4000 1 or 4 0 0 0 2 or 4
optional
mduGEAR 224 24 0 0 2 0
aceGEAR 0 24 0 2 0
Xgen 7000 1 0 24 2 0
bizGEAR 200 Expansion Cards

• 4 port 10/100BaseT Ethernet
• 4 port 100BaseFX Ethernet (SM or MM)
• 2 port T1/E1

Regulatory
Chapter 8 Network Services

Regulatory
Both the edgeGEAR 2000 and Edge 200 chassis and the ONU family have been tested and
passed the requirements of FCC Part 15 for Class A computing and communications
devices. The edgeGEAR 2000 CO chassis is NEBS certified for central office/headend
equipment.
Timing and Synchronization

The Alloptic platform accepts timing distribution to all devices in the network.
Timing Sources
Three possible methods are available to provide timing on the chassis (see Figure 20).
• Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clocking is preferred.
• DS3 (2000) or Quad T1(200) timing is the next most desirable.
• The internal, free-running clock as the least desirable. The synchronization source that
is utilized is dependent on the type of service and availability of various timing
sources at the installation location.
Table 31: Timing Sources
Timing Source Description
Framed BITS Timing A T1/E1 Framed signal can be utilized as a timing source. A primary
and secondary supply may be utilized and designated in the Timing
Source provisioning screen.
DS3M (Derived) This selection recovers clock from a DS3 framer and is provided to the
SCM as reference clocking.
At least one T1/E1 must have the “Clock Enabled” option set to “Yes” in
the DS3/T1 (Network) interface provisioning page.
Quad T1 This selection recovers clock from a DS1 framer and is provided to the
10/100BaseT as reference clocking.
At least one T1/E1 must have the “Clock Enabled” option set to “Yes”.
Free Running Internal A free running Stratum 3 on each 10/100BaseT port is utilized as the
reference clock to provide Chassis timing.

Timing Sources
Figure 20: Setting the Clock Source--edgeGEAR 2000
Figure 21: Setting the Clock Source--Edge 200

VLAN Tagging
Upstream Data Path Requirements

Certain requirements must be met for the Alloptic platform to pass data to and from the
local network to the WAN or MAN. A layer 2 or layer 3 network router that is 802.1Q
enabled provides an upstream link to WAN/MAN access.
VLAN Tagging
The Alloptic platform uses VLAN tagging to route all traffic in the network. The
network GbE port acts a trunk forwarding all egress traffic with tags intact. All ingress
traffic must have a valid VLAN tag or the network port will drop the packet or frame.
An L2 or L3 device is required to handle tagging requirements prior to the traffic
being routed to the next segment or WAN.
Typical equipment is an IEEE 802.1Q capable router connecting the Chassis to the
WAN (Figure 22). A layer 2 switch placed between the Chassis and the router is also
quite common (Figure 23).
Alloptic
Chassis Gig E
PON
(trunk)
Router w/
ONU 802.1Q
capability
PVID 100
WAN
IP:192.168.0.2 IP Subnet/VLAN
Subnet Mask:255.255.255.240 IP:192.168.0.2-6
Gateway: 192.168.0.1 Subnet Mask:255.255.255.240
Gateway:192.168.0.1 = VLAN 100
etc..
Figure 22: Router

VLAN Tagging
Alloptic
Chassis Gig E
PON
(trunk)
WAN
Switch w/
ONU 802.1Q
capability
MAC Table
00:00:00:00:00:00 = VLAN 100
00:00:00:00:00:01 = VLAN 101
00:00:00:00:00:02 = VLAN 102
00:00:00:00:00:03 = VLAN 103 Router
00:00:00:00:00:04 = VLAN 104
etc..
PVID 100
Figure 23: Switch and Router

Chapter 9 Typical Deployment Scenarios
This chapter includes descriptions and diagrams of typical service applications using the
Alloptic system. The applications are described separately, but they may be deployed
simultaneously on the same chassis. The minimum chassis configurations are provided for
each application.
International Applications
In international applications, the MDU/MTU will have a large role. The higher density of
users amounts to 80-90% of all ONUs attached to the PON. This allows many more users
service, and with VOIP telephony more common the TDM POTS limit does not apply.
The limiting factor is 4000 data VLANs, and the guaranteed bandwidth assigned per
customer.
Two modifications apply. The E1 circuits do not take more guaranteed bandwidth than the
T1 circuits, but the edgeGEAR 2000 DS3M ports are limited to a total of 21 E1 per DS3,
or 84 E1s per chassis. TDM POTS is thus limited to 2520 POTS lines assigned.
High Rise Deployments
High Rises with mduGEAR (100 Mbps )
mduGEAR mduGEAR
Cat 5 wire to each

apartment
Copper in the middle mduGEAR
Fiber
Fiber
mduGEAR mdu
spitter
24 Port Copper spitter
Figure 24: High Rises with mduGEAR™

Voice Services Overview
POTS
Voice Services Overview
The Alloptic network supports traditional Time Division Multiplex (TDM) telephony
services along with newly designed IP based telephony capabilities. This allows the
network operator to offer virtually all telephony services available. Subscribers gain
flexibility and benefit from the fiber network, while the network provider gains the ability
to optimize the network to services that are offered in a specific area. Alloptic supports
telephony services using a combination of Hardware and Software at both the head-end
and at the subscriber premises.
PBX
OAM&P overhead
T1 interfaces
TDM Fixed Allocation
BizGEAR
Ethernet Data
OLT
MDU GEAR
TDM HomeGEAR T1 interfaces

Cross Connect
DS3
POTS Lines
Interfaces
DS3M card Channel Bank Channel Bank
T1
GR303 POTS Lines Special services
Concentrator
Telephone Telephone
Figure 25: TDM Voice Services

TDM Overview
TDM
TDM Overview
The Alloptic network supports toll grade and TDM services over Gigabit Ethernet,
utilizing an Alloptic patented timing distribution and channel allocation mechanism. This
guarantees constant voice sampling, encoding, and transmission of DS0, DS1, and DS3
payloads. In addition the system can be configured to provide E1 payloads.
TDM Transport Applications

Alloptic provides a standard channelized DS# interface to the core network for all TDM
based services, including POTS and T1/E1. This standard interface may be connected or
adapted in many ways to allow connections to the PSTN. At the CO/head-end location, the
edgeGEAR 2000 or Edge 200 chassis serves as the interface to the customer network.
The edgeGEAR 2000 interface is comprised of four DS3 ports per chassis. The Edge 200
interface is comprised of four DS1 ports per chassis. At customer locations, ONUs provide
DS1 or POTS interfaces. The edgeGEAR chassis acts as an electronic cross connect at the
DS1 and DS0 level. No need exists for an external multiplexer or DACS. DS1 Transport
provides connectivity to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or other High
Speed TDM networks.
On the edgeGEAR 2000, DS1 to DS1 connections between ONUs on different PONs do
not use DS3M modules for their voice path; the OLT module(s) and the SCM are used
instead.
With the use of an external M1-3 multiplexer or DACS (Digital Access Cross-connect
Switch), any interface - DS3 to DS0 - can be transported over the Alloptic system to
customer premise ONU and TDM equipment. Intra-chassis DS1-DS1 Service provides
DS1 connectivity to a campus or business environment. POTS and GR303 DS1 provide a
method of offering POTS capability anywhere in the Alloptic PON service area. For home
4000 applications, up to four POTS lines are available directly at the ONU. For bizGEAR
applications, two DS1 ports are available that can be used with external PBX and channel
bank equipment.
Subscriber Interface
The Alloptic Optical Network Unit (ONU) may be configured with or without the TDM
capability. The additional cost of the industry standard interface circuitry may be avoided
when TDM services are not required at a specific location. Including or excluding the
TDM circuitry has no impact on the Ethernet or video capabilities of the ONU.

Table 32: POTS Port Characteristics & Signaling Options

Measurement Value
Loop Length 500’ (22 AWG)
Loop Voltage 42 to 56 VDC
Signaling Options Loop/Ground Start
Ringing Voltages 40 to 72 VRMS
Ringer Equivalence Number 5/line or 10 Total
Impedance 600 or 900 Ohm
Loop Current 20 MA
Receive Gain 0 to -12dB (set in 1dB increments)
Transmit Gain -6 to +12dB (set in 1dB increments)
Encoding a-Law/ Mu-Law
Guiding Standard GR 909
Table 33: T1/E1 Characteristics and Signaling Options

Supported Standards Features Supported on T1/E1
Bellcore publication 43801 Unframed
TR5, TR194, TR54016, TR62411 SF
ANSI ESF
T1.403, T1.231-1993 B8ZS
CCITT AMI
G.703, G.704, G.706, G.747, G.824 Line Sync
Performance Measurements
Alarm Support
Configurable Line Build Out
Loop Back Controls

Headend Chassis
Alloptic supports point-to-point private network T1 services between subscriber ONUs.
On the edgeGEAR 2000, Alloptic also supports point-to-point private network T1 services
to a specific T1 embedded in a DS3 interface in a chassis. These private TDM services are
provisioned for Clear Channel operation and cannot be groomed at the DS0 level.
Service ports are assigned to DS3

interfaces based on bandwidth, and the
ONU ID
DS1-1 is "Groomed" or filled

DS3 # DS1 # DS0 # Service Port Addrress
1 DS1-1 1 ID"a" DS0

1 DS1-2 2 ID"b" DS0
1 DS1-3 3 ID"c" DS0
1-DS1-4 4 ID"d" DS0
DS3 #1
ID"e" DS1
1 DS1-28 PON1-1
The TDM bandwidth is automatically

ID"f" DS1 allocated for each PON when a TDM
24
DS3 #2 2 DS1-1 through 28 service port is enabled at an ONU
ID"g" DS0
ID"h" DS0 PON2
2 DS1-28 ID"i" DS0
ID"j" DS0
DS3 #3 3 DS1-1 through 28
TDM Cross Connects (grooming)
DS3 #4 4 DS1-1 through 28
Figure 26: Groomed TDM Circuit

DS3 Links to the core

network
Private TDM services

Point to Point DS1 and POTS ringdown services that
OLT
Chassis
xOLT
originate in an ONU and terminate on another ONU
SCM
ONU
ONU
ONU
Private DS1 services

T1/E1 services that
originate and terminate
ONU ONU on the same PON
require same PON
Bridging enabled
Private Line Automatic
Private Foreign Exchange ONU
ONU Ringdown
services can be configured on
Pots lines may be configured
a T1/E1 basis. Grooming may
to support ringdown services
be provided to pack the DS1
between ONUs
payload efficiently
PrivateT1/E1services are
point to point from ONU to
ONU. Payload grooming is
NOT provided
Figure 27: edgeGEAR 2000 Private TDM Services

Point-to-Point T1/E1 Services
DS1 Links to the

core network
Private TDM services

Point to Point DS1 and POTS ringdown services that
Chassis originate in an ONU and terminate on another ONU
PON Controller PON
ONU
ONU
ONU
Private DS1 services

T1/E1 services that
originate and terminate
ONU ONU on the same PON
require same PON
Bridging enabled
Private Line Automatic
Private Foreign Exchange ONU
ONU Ringdown
services can be configured on
Pots lines may be configured
a T1/E1 basis. Grooming may
to support ringdown services
be provided to pack the DS1
between ONUs
payload efficiently
PrivateT1/E1 services are

point to point from ONU to
ONU. Payload grooming is
NOT provided
Figure 28: Edge 200 Private TDM Services
Point-to-Point T1/E1 Services

The Alloptic system can provision point-to-point private network T1 services between
ONUs or between an ONU and chassis DS3 interface. In these private circuits, the critical
timing functions are supported in the system, but the information is sent unframed. The
system becomes a transparent pipe for the private T1 services, which the subscriber
equipment will encode/decode. This capability allows the network to carry “non-native”
services (frame relay, ATM, DDS, ISDN, etc.) that do not utilize the T1/E1 framing
conventions.

Connection to the PSTN

The TDM interface on the Alloptic chassis provides connectivity to the PSTN. For the
edgeGEAR 2000, the DS3 interface may be demuxed to standard T1 lines or connected
directly to the GR303/V5.2 interface of the Class 5 switch. For the Edge 200, the T1/E1
interface connects directly to the Class 5 switch.
The telephone company controls call setup, tone generation, and call disconnect using a
messaging protocol. These protocols allows 4, 6, or even 8 times concentration of
subscriber lines to class 5 switch. Alloptic supports these switched access protocols using
standard 3rd party gateway equipment. The gateway equipment connects the fixed, or
static assigned, TDM service interfaces to the dynamically allocated TDM interface that
connects to the Class 5 Switch. The gateway handles all of the signaling message
conversion as well.
edgeGEAR 2000 GR303 Connections
The G R 303 concentrator is GR303 Connectivity

slaved to the PS T N
network, and is operated
The Alloptic Chassis interfaces to the GR303
from the CO end via the concentrator using DS 3 interfaces, each of w hich
signaling channel can carry a m axim um of 672 telephone lines
em bedded in the T1 trunks
G R303 Concentrator Alloptic C hassis
DS1 DS1
#1 #1 O LT
DS1
#2
O LT
P O N connections
Dynam ic
D S 0 tim eslot to subscribers
assignm ents DS3
# 1 O LT
DS 1
DS1 O LT
#8
#28
Each D S3 supports
G R 303
T1 trunks to PS TN switch
672 D S0s 28 D S 1 lines
DS1 O ne concentrator can
#1
support m ultiple
Dynam ic F ixed
Alloptic C hassis SCM
D S 0 tim eslot T im e slot
assignm ents assignm ents
DS 1
#8
DS 1
T ypically, a single D S 3M
#1
chassis has a single D S3
DS 1
#2
connecting to a G R 303
C reated when a CR V to concentrator
subscriber D S 0 database
is first added (2048 m ax) S witching DS 3
#4
to the system M atrix BNC
DS1
#28
Dynam ic assignm ent Static setup at service

based on calling action activation tim e.
Figure 29: GR303 Connections

edgeGEAR 2000 V5.2 Connections
The V5.2 concentrator is V5.2 Connectivity

slaved to the PSTN The Alloptic Chassis interfaces to the V5.2
network, and is operated concentrator using E1 interfaces, which are
from the LE end via the carried on our DS3 interface and exposed by an
signaling channel
external M12 multiplexer
embedded in the E1 trunks
V5.2 Concentrator One concentrator can Alloptic Chassis
E1 E1 support multiple
#1 #1 OLT
Alloptic Chassis
E1
#2 OLT PON connections
Dynamic
E0 timeslot to subscribers
assignments OLT
E1 M OLT
#8
1
V5.2
E1 trunks to PSTN switch E1 3
E1 interfaces
#1 M
U SCM
Dynamic Fixed
E0 timeslot Time slot X
assignments assignments
E1
#8
E1 DS3M
#21
DS3
interfaces
Created when a CRV to from Alloptic
subscriber DS0 database
is first added (2048 max) Switching
to the system Matrix BNC
Dynamic assignment Static setup at service

based on calling action activation time.
Figure 30: V5.2 Connections


Prioritization and QOS
Chapter 10 QOS
Service Level Agreements

Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a broad term often used to quantify the characteristics
of the services a data provider delivers. Service providers, through the use of SLAs, reach
a contract agreement with their customers. The agreement’s characteristics can include:
guaranteed minimum bandwidth, maximum bursting rate, application prioritization and
contention resolution. Often, uplifted fees may be charged for premium services, such as
guaranteed delivery. Regardless of the SLA model used, it is imperative that the network
equipment support the entire delivery matrix and provide accountability.
VLAN Prioritization
Alloptic uses two methods of prioritization. The first is prioritization between VLANs,
wherein different VLANs can have differing priorities, and the system reacts accordingly.
This feature is known as “Priority Between Users”. Alternatively, prioritization may be
invoked between client applications within the same VLAN. This is known as “Priority
Within Users”. The operator has the ability to select one of these features as each ONU is
added to the network or change the setting later if the SLA is changed.
Prioritization and QOS

The Ethernet Standard allows for TOS/DSCP (Type of Service/DiffServ CodePoint).
Numerous devices can insert TOS tags into the Ethernet frame. A common example is
Integrated Access Devices (IADs) used for VoIP services.
IADs allow the service provider to predetermine a TOS value that will always be
associated with latency sensitive voice services, then have this value inserted into frames
originating from the IAD. When transiting the Alloptic Network, it reads these frames and
acts appropriately. A properly designed system that employs TOS criteria can reduce
excessive latency.

Priority Between Users
Priority Between Users

The VLAN Prioritization Feature is implemented via the GigaVu user interface as an
option when the ONU is placed on the PON. When adding an ONU, the operator will
choose between Priority Between Users (VLAN Prioritization) and Priority Within User.
They cannot exist concurrently. The default is Priority Within User.
VLANs are assigned to one of four levels of priority (1 = lowest to 4 = highest). The
default priority is 1 (lowest). Guaranteed traffic is never subjected to prioritization
algorithms that invoke packet discards.
When congestion occurs on a port and traffic levels are between the guaranteed and
maximum limits, the priority levels are used to distribute the available bandwidth. A fair
weighted distribution algorithm will provide the highest priority VLANs with most, but
not all of the available bandwidth. Only the bandwidth above the committed or guaranteed
level is prioritized.
Priority Between Users Example

For example, if an ONU has three VLANs (users) at different priorities, and each is set for
20 Mbps minimum and 100 Mbps maximum, the upstream PON bandwidth allocated to
the ONU will be 100 Mbps, to allow for the 100 Mbps max.
If all users are sending 100 Mbps of traffic into the ONU, each user will get their 20 Mbps
of guaranteed throughput, 60 Mbps total. The remaining 40 Mbps of available bandwidth
will be distributed between the users based on their set priorities.
Priority Within Users

If the system operator elects to implement traffic priorities within a subscriber’s VLAN,
he will enable the Priority Within User feature. Priorities are then based on the value of the
IP header’s TOS/DSCP bits.
Four levels of priorities are supported in the bizGEAR™ 200 and bizGEAR™ ULTRA.
Two levels are supported in the mduGEAR™ 224, aceGEAR and Xgen 7000.
The home 4000 does not support this feature. Each of the products that support this feature
include a “default” level, which is not configurable. This is the lowest priority.
Specifying the TOS/DSCP number range for each of the priority levels provisions them.
Only one range of values can be specified for each assignable priority level.

VLAN Trunking Implementation
Chapter 11 VLAN Considerations
VLAN Trunking
VLAN trunking (or 802.1Q Trunking) is the ability to trunk VLAN tagged packets at an
ONU’s Fast Ethernet ports. In a switched Ethernet network, some LAN segments carry
VLAN tagged packets while others don’t. Typically trunk ports and some server ports may
be configured for tagged traffic. Ports that are connected to standard end-stations, such as
PCs and workstations, do not carry tagged traffic. In a typical implementation, tagged and
untagged traffic are not mixed on the same LAN segment.
In the normal mode of operation, a single subscriber VLAN is terminated at an ONU’s
Fast Ethernet port. The VLAN trunking option not only allows VLAN tagged packets to
traverse an ONU’s Fast Ethernet port, it allows more than one VLAN to be assigned to
that port.
VLAN Trunking Implementation

Alloptic uses VLANs to differentiate individual subscribers. VLAN IDS are used to
classify packets for bandwidth control and traffic prioritization. VLANs also ensure that
individual subscriber’s traffic will never be sent to another subscriber’s port. The Network
Administrator must coordinate VLAN usage and ID assignment with external equipment.
VLAN Trunking Characteristics

VLAN Trunking supports a maximum of 48 VLANs per ONU. No restriction exists for
how they are distributed among the ONU’s Fast Ethernet ports. VLANs are configured on
a per ONU port basis. Some ports can be configured to terminate the VLANs, while others
can be set for trunking as long as the 48 VLAN limit is observed.
VLAN trunking is supported only on ONUs configured for Priority Between Users. The
priority bits of the VLAN tag are trunked but not acted upon. Un-tagged packets sent to an
ONU in VLAN trunking mode are dropped. The sum of all the VLANs’ configured
maximum downstream bandwidth on a given Fast Ethernet port cannot exceed the port
speed (i.e., 100mbps).
VLAN Security
VLANs are used to distinguish subscriber traffic from each other. VLANs 0 to 63 are
reserved for internal use and cannot be assigned to external equipment. If a piece of user
equipment connected to an ONU port sends incorrectly tagged packets into the ONU, the
packets are dropped.

VLAN Trunking Issues and Limitations
VLAN Trunking Issues and Limitations

All Rate Limiting is performed at the ONU. The amount of traffic entering the network
port can exceed the maximum physical port speed of 100 Mbps, due to the multiple
VLANs. When the ONU sees this traffic, it will apply the proper rate limits prior to
transmitting out of the Ethernet port. If the incoming traffic levels exceed the port speed,
the ONU will randomly drop packets.
VLAN Requirements
The Alloptic platform requires every data user to be assigned a unique VLAN ID (VID).
The ID is created during the User Configuration process. The system requires the use of
VLANs 0-63 for internal functions. The first available VID begins at 64 and continues
through 4,093. The System will allow you to create your own VID scheme, or if no VID is
entered, it will assign the next available one.
All data is routed internally using VLAN IDs. The GIG Ethernet network port acts as a
trunk port. It passes all tagged traffic to the next network segment and requires that all
inbound traffic have a valid VLAN ID. If no valid VID is assigned on incoming traffic, the
network port will discard the frame.

Chapter 12 Integration Considerations
Spanning Tree
One approach often utilized in network design is Spanning Tree Protocol.
Spanning Tree Protocol is often used to guard against loops in Layer 2 inter-network
bridges. However, Spanning Tree Protocol prevents the incremental addition of
bandwidth. Spanning Tree only permits a single physical link to be active between any
two stations; it automatically puts any additional link(s) into blocking mode.
Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation provides a standards-based mechanism, 802.1ad, to combine multiple
physical network links into a single logical link for increased reliability and throughput.
Link Aggregation increases the availability as well as flexibility of the communications
channel between the chassis and the backbone Internet infrastructure using existing
Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
Additionally, Link Aggregation provides a valuable load balancing function where
processing and communications activity is distributed across several links in a trunk group
so that no single link is overwhelmed at a given point in time. Each vendor has latitude
within the Link Aggregation standards to reasonably implement its own specific variant of
load balancing. The inter-working of multi-vendor product lines may often necessitate
additional planning, as traffic-management interactions are made known.
Through aggregating multiple Ethernet connections into a unified, aggregated link, the
following practical benefits can be gained in many applications:
• Higher Link Availability
• Increased Trunk Group Capacity
• Lowers the risk of duplication or frames arriving at destination out of sequence
NOTE: Alloptic supports baseline functionality of the IEEE 802.3ad specification,

but does not support the marker responder described in section 43.2.6 of the
802.3ad standards.

Link Aggregation Technical Considerations
Link Aggregation Technical Considerations

Link Aggregation groups several physical ports into a single logical port. Implementation
of Link Aggregation within the EPON system is based upon the 802.3ad standard.
Specifically, Alloptic’s implementation does not include support for the optional LACP
(Link Aggregation Control Protocol) Marker packet. Full participation in LACP is a non-
mandatory feature according to the standard.
Only ports controlled by an individual module can be grouped together for Link
Aggregation. The 10/100BaseT and GbE network ports can be grouped together into a
Link Aggregation group. The initial port number assigned to a Link Aggregation group is
the anchor port for the group. Auto-negotiation is not allowed within a Link Aggregation
group that includes multiple ports. However, a standalone port can be configured for auto-
negotiation.
Implementing Link Aggregation

If you are planning to implement Link Aggregation in a deployment using the Gigabit
Ethernet network interface ports, please be aware of the following interactions.
Configuration of Link Aggregation is not allowed if you have initially assigned users to
both network interface ports.
Specifically, if you have configured users on network ports 1 and 2 and wish to enable
Link Aggregation using both ports, you must schedule a maintenance window to first
disable all users on Port 2. Then you can then enable Link Aggregation for the network
ports. After you have completed enabling it, you may then re-enable the users that were
previously disabled. The users will automatically become part of the Link Aggregation
Group you have just created.
For further information on how to implement Link Aggregation, please see the
edgeGEAR™ 2000 or Edge 200 Turnup and Verification Manual.
N e tw o rk
In te rfa c e
P o rt 1 P o rt 2
T R T R
N e tw o rk
In te rfa ce
G ig a b it
E th e rn e t
P o rts
(1 0 0 0 L X )
L in k A g g re g a tio n G ro u p E d g e A g g re g a tio n
D e vice
Figure 31: SCM Link Aggregation

Designated Services
Chapter 13 Advanced Services
Advanced Services Considerations

Designated Services
Designated Services creates a open flat VLAN that many ONUs, or a network port, can
connect to. This resource allows enhanced bandwidth management and prioritization for
specified VLANs. It provides the ability to prioritize Designated Services above data
traffic. This ensures that when processing the streams, Designated Services are configured
at a higher priority than standard data traffic thus ensuring they get through uncorrupted.
This allows unrestricted communication between data ports. Designated Services are
particularly useful for Voice over IP (VoIP) and community LANs. All ONUs support
Designated Service capabilities. The ONUs allow at least two designated VLANs to be
assigned to a physical Ethernet port while still allowing the standard data VLAN
capabilities on that port.
ESAF
Built on top of Designated Services, ESAF (Ethernet Service Application Facility) is a set
of features that make it easy to implement DHCP data services through Alloptic’s system,
capturing DHCP requests and intelligent ARP forwarding.
ESAF was designed to allow the Alloptic system to be configured for bulk data service
transport without using VLANs for each specific user. Untagged packets are received on
the network or PON port and are given a VLAN tag for internal routing purposes. They
are transported using MAC forwarding, and the packet tag is stripped before being routed
out of the destination port. Layering ESAF on Designated Services, creates a secure and
efficient network. Upstream packets are not usually broadcast to any other ONUs, only to
the upstream facilities. This feature works in conjunction with DHCP to insure proper
packet routing setup through the system. In addition, the ESAF facility utilizes the
Designated Service facilities; this allows total bandwidth to be managed for the whole
system. The standard VLAN per user capabilities are still supported.
Company/ home a
Company b
Internet Internet “A”

Company c
(untagged packets) Company/ home d
Company/ home e
Figure 32: VLAN Per Service (ESAF)

ESAF

IP Video Configuration Example
Chapter 14 IP Video Considerations
IP Video Services
The Alloptic chassis uses IP multicast techniques to distribute video content over the
Alloptic network. Each ONU is capable of delivering video services to the Ethernet port.
The Alloptic IP delivery video system provides customers with broadcast and Video-on-
Demand (VOD) channels.
The edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis uses IGMP Snooping and Proxy techniques between the
switch/router and chassis network port, and the ONU and Set-Top Box. The network port
routes the IP Multicasts it receives to their respective ONUs over the associated PONs and
then routes the join/leave requests back to the Switch/Router. Figure 33 shows an IP Video
distribution network.
IP Video Configuration Example

Alloptic ONUs support IP Video and data combined on one 10/100 Ethernet port. If
desired, the IP Video and data can be supported on separate ports. An expected service
model includes data and video on a single port. In this case, configure two VLANs per
ONU, one for data and one for video. The data VLAN can be provisioned with any
bandwidth parameters the service provider desires. The video VLAN is provisioned for
guaranteed bandwidth in both the downstream and upstream directions.
ISP
IP Video Headend Central Office Customer Premises
Broadcast
Video Content
GigaVu
Internet
homeGEAR
4000
10/100 BT
GigE
Set-top Box
PON
Switch/Router Switch/Router
IP Video Encoder
edgeGEAR
2000
Set-top Box
TV
Video Server Video

Middleware
VLANs
IGMP
IP Multicast Routing:
Multicast Groups = Channels
Figure 33: IP Video Distribution Architecture

IP Video VLAN Support
IP Video VLAN Support

Major components that support IP video include the video VLAN, IGMP Snooping, and
IGMP Proxy. The first component of IP Video support adds the ability to create a common
and shared "video" VLAN. This removes any subscriber limitation, and the system
becomes "channel" limited. The system can support up to 400 channels regardless of the
number of subscribers, because at most, only one copy of each video stream channel is
sent through the system. However, this will still max out the 2 gigabits of input capacity
and leave no extra bandwidth for IP data traffic.
IGMP Snooping Support

The video VLAN makes very efficient use of the PONs downstream bandwidth due to the
broadcast nature of this topology. This means that without some form of snooping, all
multicast video streams entering the system will be sent down all PONs to all video ports
on the ONUs. Only 20 channels (using a 5 mbps per channel example) will saturate the
ONU's 100 mbps Ethernet port. It therefore becomes necessary to snoop out the undesired
video multicast streams from the system's downstream ports. Downstream ports exist
wherever we have internal switching logic, which in the current system is at the chassis
network port and the ONU.
IGMP Snooping requires the software to dynamically change the switching logic's
Ethernet multicast address forwarding table. The switching logic will only forward
multicast packets to ports which have been designated in the address table. If no ports are
specified, then packets are dropped. With this capability, multicast streams are only sent to
ports for which there are group members.
IGMP Snooping, is the final component of the system's IP video support, which many
advanced Ethernet switches support. As the name implies, IGMP Snooping is the action of
intercepting (snooping) IGMP protocol packets at the network port and the ONU.
IGMP Snooping Example

As a simple example, if there are 30 ONUs on a given PON, each with one video port and
one set-top box, and all are watching a different channel, 30 multicast streams totaling 150
Mbps (at 5 Mb per stream) will be sent down the PON and received by each ONU. The
switching logic in the ONU will then forward only the one multicast stream that the STB
has requested out of the 100 Mbps Ethernet video port.

IGMP Proxy Support
IGMP Proxy Support

IGMP is an advanced messaging implementation wherein the STBs and routers do not
communicate directly between themselves. The intermediary access network devices
“proxy” the IGMP commands on behalf of the attached devices. Specifically, the Alloptic
platform “intercepts” the broadcast requests from the content source then updates and
returns them directly to the router. IGMP Proxy optimizes multicast traffic flow through a
PON by achieving:
• More efficient bandwidth utilization.
• Minimum IGMP traffic load.
• Lower processing requirements at the central module (network port).
Video On Demand
Video On Demand, VOD, is the technology that allows you to choose a stored video from
a menu on your television and watch it. VOD also lets you control the video, e.g. Fast-
forward, Rewind and Pause. It is classified under IP video because the video is still
transported via TCP/IP and is part of the overall broadcast IP video solution. It differs
from broadcast IP video in that broadcast IP video is normally distributed via multicast,
and VOD is unicast. This means that a VOD stream is sent directly to the Set Top Box
(STB) that requests it. In planning a total IP video solution, you will also have to take this
into account.
HDTV over IP Video

HDT Video over IP will require the same video headend equipment changes as does the
RF video headend. The IP video set top boxes will also change. The recommended
configuration for the North American Market is to limit the PON to 32 FTTH single
family ONUs and the MDU application to 96 total homes/apartments per PON. This is
done because the bandwidth of HDTV over IP is expected to be 3 (15M bps) times the
bandwidth needed for current TV IP Video Channels.
There are other product directions which may come into play that will influence the high
bandwidth demand. Better compression techniques may reduce the HDTV content to less
than the current 15M average HDTV channels. The second may be faster cache with larger
disks at set top boxes to send the complete Video at 100M speed for short durations to
store the video locally. This may remove the VOD/PVCR bandwidth demand, which
becomes larger than the broadcast video bandwidth as the total home on a PON increases.
Thus, for planning purposes the current recommendation is that 32 SFU per PON and 96
MDU homes per PON be used as the configuration maximum for HDTV Over IP planned
configurations in the US.

HDTV over IP Video

Chapter 15 Voice over IP Considerations
VoIP Services
Alloptic networks consist of very high speed Ethernet PONS with intelligent ONUs
providing differentiated services to subscribers. This technology allows us to offer a
nearly unlimited set of Ethernet based services, as well as TDM telephony and RF based
Video distribution.
Voice over IP (VoIP) provides high quality telephone services using the basic Ethernet
network mechanism, rather than the more traditional TDM designs. Alloptic networks are
compatible with VoIP technologies and can offer both traditional TDM and VoIP services
on the same network simultaneously. This gives network owners complete flexibility
when selecting which providers to carry to their subscribers.
VoIP services are carried across the Alloptic network using standard data handling
mechanisms. VoIP calls are processed within a VoIP Gateway device, which manages call
setup, tear down, packet addressing, and special services (call waiting, etc.). The Gateway
communicates across the Ethernet network to an intelligent media converter located on the
subscriber premise using MGCP (media gateway control protocol). This protocol carries
state information such as off hook, flash, ringing, etc. between the gateway and subscriber
equipment in specific data packets. The Alloptic network does not intercept or modify the
control of voice packets in any way and thus behaves simply as a packet transport
network.
VoIP Voice Services
VoIP services do
IP Telephone
NOT impact OAMP
VoIP services use or TDM services
the VLAN
mechanism and OAM&P overhead Ethernet
draws from the TDM Fixed Allocation interfaces
general bandwidth
pool on the GbEPON bizGEAR
Ethernet Data
Media Telephone
converter
with
OLT/PON MGCP
mduGEAR
Telephone
24x
Ethernet ports
Network Ports Home 4000

Router
GbE
Interfaces
TDM Cross Media

Ethernet
Connect Standard
Converter Telephone
computer POTS
with
Lines
DS3M/DS1 MGCP
Telephone
VoIP Gateway Server
Figure 34: VoIP Overview

VoIP Methodology
VoIP Methodology
The most common method for provisioning VoIP is layer 3 terminating at the ONU, with
VoIP protocols, static IP Addresses, etc. This method is expensive and limits movement to
new homes and businesses due to the ONU hardware associated to the IP Addresses.
DS3/DS1 to the softswitch, however, allows us to prioritize VoIP, support VoIP test
procedures the same as TDM test procedures (i.e. loopback to the DS3/DS1, Dial Tone,
etc.) and enable the softswitch to manage the IP Addresses. We can also migrate TDM
Voice ports to VoIP through software provisioning.
edgeGEAR 2000 DS3 GR303 GR303 Softswitch VOIP

Softswitch
Chassis Gateway (Class 5)
POTS/VOIP
ONU
Data POTS
VoIP Phone
IAD
PC
Three Delivery Methods

Figure 35: VoIP Methodology - edgeGEAR™ 2000

Configuring VoIP Services
Edge 200 DS1 Softswitch VOIP

Softswitch (Class 5)
Chassis
POTS/VOIP
ONU
Data POTS
VoIP Phone
IAD
PC
Three Delivery Methods
Figure 36: VOIP Methodology - Edge 200
Configuring VoIP Services

When configuring VoIP service on an Alloptic network, the following items should be
kept in mind:
1. Each ONU physical port can be assigned a unique VLAN, which provides high
security, flexible traffic rate and priority features. Where possible, the VoIP services/
Media converter should be assigned their own physical Ethernet port and VLAN.
2. If the ONU Ethernet port is used for home data and VoIP services, then the minimum
throughput must be set greater than the Max VoIP rate, and the Max throughput must
be set at the service rate plus the VoIP rate.
3. If voice breakup or distortion problems are encountered, it might be an indication that
there is a bandwidth bottleneck somewhere between the VoIP gateway switch and the
media converter, and packets are being dropped due to congestion. One way around
this issue is to activate TOS/DSCP on the network. Then set the VoIP stream to a
higher priority than other data services using the TOS bit setting on the Media
Gateway or in the VLAN configuration for the ONU port.

VoIP Standards
VoIP Services Example

Example: Two VoIP phones and a Business rate DSL service share the same port on a
home 4000.
Bandwidth requirements for the two services are:
• VoIP = 200Kbps, BDSL = 1.5MBps (symmetrical), 500kbps guaranteed.
• Set both up and downstream on the VLAN for the following:
• 700Kbps minimum, and the Maximum bandwidth at 1.7Mbps
VoIP Standards
Table 34: Guiding Standards for VoIP
Protocol Name Spec Type
H.323 Packet-Based Multimedia Communications Systems ITU standard
Call Signaling protocol and media stream packetization for
H.225 ITU standard
packet-based multimedia communications systems
H.245 Control Protocol for multimedia communications ITU standard
H.248 Gateway control protocol ITU standard
H.261 Video codec for audiovisual services at p x 64 kbps ITU standard
H.263 Video coding for low bit rate communication ITU standard
MGCP/SGCP Media gateway control protocol IETF - RFC 2705
Megaco Media Gateway Control IETF - RFC 3015
SDP Session Description Protocol IETF - RFC 2327
SIP Session Initiation Protocol IETF - RFC 2543
RTP Real Time Protocol IETF - RFC 1889
RTCP Real Time Control Protocol IETF - RFC 1889
RSTP Real Time Streaming Protocol IETF - RFC 2326
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol IETF - RFC 2205

Chapter 16 RF Video Considerations
RF Video Services
The following application describes a method for distributing RF broadcast video in the
Alloptic PON service area.
The Edge 200 may be equipped with two optional video ports. The OLT module in the
edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis may be equipped with two optional WDM (Wavelength
Division Multiplexing) ports. These ports are used to transport RF Video on the PON. The
WDM signal rides the chassis PON with the downstream traffic. An ONU must be
equipped with a WDM port and a Video-Demodulator to deliver the RF signal to customer
equipment. No special provisioning of the ONU is required.
A transmitter and EDFA amplifier are required at the chassis for each PON serving area.
At the home, the receiver can be either a stand-alone device or used in conjunction with an
ONU. RF video service can be remotely powered off/on by commands sent to the ONU,
ensuring payment for service without truck rolls.
The signal is transported over the same fiber PON as the data and TDM traffic using a 3rd
lambda. The signal is converted back to RF using an Alloptic Optical Receiver at the
premise where it connects to the house wiring. The Optical Receiver can support a
frequency range of 50 to 870 Mhz. The Optical carrier can be in the range of 1525 to
1565nm.

Planning for HDTV
Broadband Antenna
Satalite Dish
950-2150 Mhz
LNB Power
Supply / Amp
M
CATV o
d
u
l
AMP a
t
o
r
s
Optical C RIT / OK
ALARMS / STATUS
MAJOR MINOR FAN A FAN B
POWER
48V A 48V B
FAN FUSES
FAN A FAN B
ESD ACO LAMP
Transmitter
50-870 Mhz
ONLINE
ONLINE
S TD BY
STD BY
OLTD001
M IN AL
M AJ AL
SCMA001
M IN AL
M AJ AL
Splitter
AV OI D E XPOSUR E
LA SER L I GHT I S E MI TT ED
FR OM THESE A PER TU RE S
EDFA PON PO N
1
DIAG NOSTICS
DWDM /
VIDEO
2
A VOI D EX POSU RE
AV OI D E XPOSUR E L ASE R LI GHT I S EMI T TE D
LA SER L I GHT I S E MI TT ED
PO N 1GE
2
DWDM /
VIDEO 2
DJIAN0 BAA
DJ IAN0BAA
1 OLT 1 SCM 1550 Rx Light

Optical receiver
Baseband
Analog
Conventional
RF Television
Figure 37: RF Video Transport Application
Planning for HDTV

HDTV for the RF video application does not require any changes in the FTTH Gigabit
Ethernet PON. The channel lineup will need to change at the video Headend, and the set
top boxes for the HDTVs will be different, but the Alloptic equipment will not need to
change.

Redundant OLT Hardware Illustration
Chapter 17 Planning for Redundancy

edgeGEAR™ 2000 Redundancy Configurations
The edgeGEAR™ 2000 may be configured as a fully redundant optical network. This is
implemented through paired modules that can be configured to operate in a protected or
standalone mode.
• With paired OLTs and redundant PON paths, the system has fiber and splitter
redundancy.
• The system can also be configured with redundant SCM cards, which provide system
and uplink redundancy for outgoing IP traffic.
The following sections focus on redundancy outside of the edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis,
covering diverse fiber paths, splitters and ONUs.
Note: The Edge 200 does not provide for OLT or SCM hardware redundancy.
Redundant OLT Hardware Illustration

This configuration provides redundant OLT cards and diverse fiber paths to the splitter. It
protects against an OLT card failure in the chassis.
AC
ALARMS / STATUS POWER FAN FUSES ESD LAMP
O
ONU 1 CRIT / OK MAJOR MINOR FAN A FAN B 48VA 48VB FAN A FAN B
Fiber 1 Gig Ethernet

VLAN 125 Uplinks
PORT1 2
T1/E1
SLOT 1
3 4
SLOT 2
5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5
10/100 ETHERNET
SLOT 3
SLOT 4
6 Fiber 3 Slot 1 ONLIN
E
STDBY
MIN
ONLIN
E
STD BY
MIN
ONLIN
E
STD BY
MIN
ONLIN
E
STD BY
MIN
AL AL AL AL
1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 XCVR1POWER
MAJ MAJ MAJ MAJ
DS1 10/100ETHERNET XCVR1 AL AL AL AL
DIAGNOSTICALARM POWER
OLTD001 OLTD001 SCMA001 SCMA001
AVOIDEXPOSURE
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4 AVOID EXPOSURE
LASERLIGHTIS
FROM THE
EMITTEDS E
AP ERTURES
LASER LIGHTIS
FRO
EMMITTHESE
TED
AP ERTURES
DIAGNOSTI DIAGNOSTI
PON PON
CS CS
1 1
2x32 splitter DWDM/

VIDEO
DWDM/
VIDEO
1
2
1
AVOID EXPOSURE
LASERLIGHTIS
AVOIDEXPOSURE
LASER LIGHTIS
AVOIDEXPOSURE
LASERLIGHT IS
AVOIDEXPOSURE
LASER LIGHT IS
L2/3 Switch
L2 Switch
FROM THE
EMITTEDS E FRO
EMMITTHESE
TED FREM
OM TTHESE
IT ED FROM
EMITTHE
EDSE
AP ERTURES AP ERTURES APERTURES APERTURES
PON PON 1G 1G
2 2 E E
1 1
DWDM/ DWDM/
VIDEO VIDEO
2 2
Fiber 2
DJIAN0BAA
DJIAN0BAA
DJIAN0BAA
DJIAN0BAA
Slot 2
Diverse Fiber
Route Internet
Figure 38: Redundant OLT Network Illustration

Redundant OLT Card Features
Redundant OLT Card Features

Features of OLT Redundancy are:
• Redundant OLT cards
• Diverse fiber routes from edgeGEAR™ 2000 to splitter
In the illustration shown above, one OLT card is active and one is in stand-by mode. In the
event that the active card fails, the stand-by card becomes active, and data continues to
pass. The active card remains that way until it either fails or is reset, either physically or
manually through GigaVu™.
OLT Card Redundancy Configuration

To configure OLTs to operate in Protected mode, install the redundant OLT in the slot
directly to the right of the primary. The OLT are paired as follows:
Slot 1 (primary) & slot 2 (redundant)
With protected OLTs installed, cabling is set up to allow either OLT to access the PON.
The system does not currently provide redundancy for RF video or WDM services. It will
only provide redundancy for data and voice services or those services that are riding over
the Ethernet PON.
NOTE: This does not apply to OLT modules in adjacent even-odd numbered
slots. The Alloptic system enforces OLT module protection with the protection
OLT modules always configured in even numbered slots protecting OLT modules
in odd-numbered slots.


Slot 1 Slot 2
OLTC002 OLTC002
SCM
OLTs
PON 1 PON 1
Primary Path
WDM/VIDEO Hub
WDM/VIDEO
W DM
Ethernet
PON 2 PON 2
2xN
splitter Secondary Path
PON
WDM/VIDEO WDM/VIDEO
To ONUs
Figure 39: OLT Redundancy
Chassis to ONU Redundancy Features

Features of Complete Redundancy are:
• Diverse fiber routes from the chassis to the ONUs
• Redundant ONUs and splitters
• Both PONs and ONUs are active
In the following illustration, both paths are active. The switch connected to the ONUs uses
Layer 3 routing protocols (RIP OSPF or BGP4) to control which path is in use.
With Layer 3 routing, the routing protocol detects which link to forward traffic on based
on the configuration within each protocol. The switchover time is also dependent on the
routing protocol configuration, typically 30 seconds or less. The fail-over happens outside
of any chassis configuration settings.

Fiber 1
ONU 1 Slot 1
VLAN 125
Fiber 3
SLOT 1 SLOT 3
1x32 splitter
PORT1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
SLOT 2 SLOT 4
T1/E1 10/10 0 ETHER NET
1 2 1 2 3 4 XC VR 2XCV R 1P OW ER
DS1 10/100 ETHERNET DIAGNOSTIC

ALARM
POWER XCVR1
1 2 1 2 3 4 PON M AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
SLOT 1 SLOT 3
P OR T 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
L2 Switch 1
T1/E1
2
SLOT 2
10/100 ETHER N ET
1 2 3
SLOT 4
4 XC VR 2XC VR 1P OW ER
XCVR1
Fiber 4
DS1 10/100 ETHERNET DIAGNOSTIC
ALARM
POWER
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONM AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
ONU 2 Fiber 2
VLAN 125 1x32 splitter Slot 2
Diverse Fiber
Routes
Edge 200 Chassis

R
T1/E 1
1 2 3 4
B ITS
10 10 MA M
/ 10 /10 1G 1 GE JO INO A LA R M P OW E R
0 02 E
1 1 2 R R
OUT PUT INP U T SE C PRI
P ON 1 V ID E O 1 P ON 2 V ID E O 2
1 2 1 2 -4 8 RT N -4 8 RT N
IN P U T IN P U T
LINK LINK
10 /100 10/100 1G E 1G E D IA G MGMT C OM 48 V D C 1.5A
1 2 1 2
Gig Ethernet
Uplinks
L2/3 Switch
Internet
Figure 40: Complete Redundancy

Interface Diagnostic Tests
Chapter 18 Maintenance
Testing TDM Services

Whenever a fiber transport system is used in place of a traditional copper based access
network, the traditional methods for testing or managing a subscriber line are disrupted.
Alloptic has provided a comprehensive set of tools and diagnostics that allow the network
operator to test and manage the subscriber ports from a central location. Alloptic has
designed these features to minimize onsite diagnostic requirements, and to allow quick,
easy problem isolation and circuit turn up while minimizing technical dispatches.
Interface Diagnostic Tests

Table 35: POTS and T1/E1 Interface Testing Diagnostics
Interface Test Description Purpose
This state loops the received Used to support digital testing to
POTS Digital Loopback
digital signal to the transmit path. the subscriber line.
This state places a loopback on Used to support analog tests from
POTS Analog Loopback
the analog side of a line codec. the PSTN to a subscriber line.
Used to confirm that the
This test simulates a station off-
Dial Tone connection from the Class 5
POTS hook condition and verifies if dial
Verification Switch is intact and to finalize the
tone is received.
installation process.
This test inserts a bit pattern into
a POTS cross connect, loops it Used as part of the installation
TDM Channel back at the ONU interface, and process to confirm digital
POTS
Test confirms that the pattern is connectivity through the Alloptic
unchanged when it is received in network.
the chassis.
Allows the maintenance person to
Forced On/Off
POTS simulate station on hook or off Used to assist in circuit validation.
Hook State
hook condition.
Places a 1004 Hz test tone to the Used to assist in localizing
POTS Tone Source
local loop. subscriber loop problems.
Loops the individual channels
Used to verify individual channel
Payload received on the ONU interface
T1/E1 integrity up to the Alloptic network
Loopback back to the CPE framing the ONU
ONU.
interface.
Loops the signal received on the
Used to test the CPE connectivity
T1/E1 Line Loopback ONU interface back to the CPE
up to the Alloptic network ONU.
without processing the frame.
Used to accommodate remote T1
Loops the DS1 interface back to
T1/E1 Local Loopback testing through the Alloptic
the Headend.
network.

ONU DS1 Loopback Selections
Interface Test Description Purpose

Inserts a bit pattern to the whole
Used for testing a T1 line from the
T1 payload, loops the payload
Line Connection headend location to confirm that
T1/E1 back at the ONU Interface, and
Test the transport through the Alloptic
confirms that the bit pattern is
network is working correctly.
unchanged.
Inserts a bit pattern to individual
DS0 channels, loops them back
Used to troubleshoot individual
to the head-end and confirms that
T1/E1 DS0 Channel Test channel connectivity through the
the same pattern is received. This
Alloptic network.
is the same as the POTS TDM
Channel Test.
ONU DS1 Loopback Selections
No Loop
DS3 Module ONU
M1-3 Mux RX DS3 DS1 TX

FRAMER FPGA CXE FRAMER
TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Payload Loop
DS3 Module ONU

TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Line Loop
DS3 Module ONU

TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Local Loop
DS3 Module ONU

TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Figure 41: ONU DS1 Loopback Selections

DS1 Loopback Selections
GigaVu Loopback Selections
No Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Payload Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Line Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Local Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Figure 42: DS1 Loopback Selections

No Loop
DS3 Module ONU

TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Payload Loop
DS3 Module ONU

TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Line Loop
DS3 Module ONU

TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Local Loop
DS3 Module ONU

TX PORT PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Figure 43: DS3 Loopback Selections

DS0 Channel Test
DS0 Channel Test
Business ONU
T1 Interface
Normal (No Test) DS0 1

DS0 2
DS0 3
D
Test Pattern 1101 DS0 24
Test Pattern 1101 DS0 Cross

comparison Connect Home ONU
POTS Interface
Line 1
DS3/DS1 to PSTN Line 2

D A
Line3
Line4
Business ONU
T1 Interface
Test active
DS0 1
DS0 2
DS0 3
D
Test Pattern 1101 DS0 24
Test Pattern 1101 DS0 Cross

comparison Connect Home ONU
POTS Interface
Line 1
Line 2
DS3/DS1 to PSTN D A
Line3
Line4
Figure 44: DS0 Channel Test

DS0 Channel Test
Figure 45: DS1 Interface Status Screen
Performance Statistics
The Alloptic system keeps performance statistics for each T1 service/interface that is
enabled in the system. Ninety-six 15-minute performance periods are kept in the chassis
for each active T1/E1 interface. An operator or management system can retrieve these
readings and process these readings into reports or use them for fault analysis.
Table 36: Performance Measurements for T1/E1
Measurement Abbreviation
Errored Seconds ES
Severely Errored Seconds SES
Severely Errored Framing Seconds SEFS
Unavailable Seconds UAS
Controlled Slip Seconds CSS
Path Coding Violations PCV
Line Errored Seconds LES
Bursty Errored Seconds BES
Degraded Minutes DM
Line Code Violations LCV

Fiber Planning Guidelines
Fiber Management
The Alloptic system transports composite Ethernet, telephony, and video signals at 1 Gbps
over optical fiber routes. Fiber impairments that reduce operating range and throughput
can degrade optical signal performance. The impairments, optical loss and reflection, are
most frequently introduced during fiber optic systems installations. The three most
significant impairments that affect optical transport are: the splice, cleanliness, and bend
radius.
Splicing
When calculating operating ranges for fiber optic systems, fusion splicing is assumed and
splice loss is considered negligible. Fusion splices introduce the least amount of optical
loss and reflection. Fusion splices can also survive in a wet environment for some time.
When installing equipment, best fiber installation practice calls for the use of the fusion
splice. Mechanical splices are not recommended.
Bend Radius
Too tight of a bend in a fiber will cause signal attenuation, reflections, and breakage over
time. Industry standards accept a minimum bend radius of two inches. Fiber organizers are
designed to avoid bends that are too tight. When routing and dressing fiber, always check
that the two inch bend radius is not exceeded. Avoid pinching and snagging fibers. Use
guides to hold fiber loops in place.
Clean Connectors
Each time an optical connector is unmated, dust and other contaminants can collect on the
connector faces. Dirty connectors are the most frequent cause of loss in an optical system.
Connectors should be cleaned prior to mating. Both mating surfaces should be cleaned
using a two step process. Use a soft lint-free cloth and reagent grade alcohol to clean the
face. Then use a separate, soft, lint-free cloth to clean any residue from the connector face.
Also, always replace the dust covers or the connectors while not in use.
Observing these fiber management practices will eliminate the most frequent causes of
optical fiber troubles.
No service adjustments or repair of laser devices are available to field forces.

Return plug-in cards and ONUs to Alloptic for repair or service of the lasers.


Appendix A Glossary
IEEE specification for implementation of VLANs in

Layer 2 LAN switches, with emphasis on Ethernet.
802.1Q IEEE 802.1Q Prioritization of traffic is accomplished through an
additional 4 bytes of data in the frame header.
APC Adaptive Predictive Coding A narrowband analog-to-digital conversion technique.
Very high speed transmission technology. High

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode bandwidth, low-delay, connection-oriented, packet-like
switching and multi-plexing technique
AVM Audio Voice Module The four POTS ports on the homeGEAR™ ONUs.
US standard for measuring the diameter of conductive

AWG American Wire Gauge wire. The higher the AWG, the thinner the wire.
A single building master timing supply. In North

BITS Building Integrated Timing System America, BITS are the clocks that provide and
distribute timing to a network’s lower levels.
A Gateway protocol that routers employ in order to

BGPx Border Gateway Protocol, level x exchange appropriate levels of information.
A single building master timing supply. BITS generally

supplies DS1 and DS0 level timing throughout an
BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply office. The BITS concept minimizes the number of
synchronization links entering an office, since only the
BITS will receive timing from outside the office.
BTU/hr Basic Transmission Unit/per hour
CATV Cable Television A broadband transmission facility.
A data service where the bits are conveyed regularly in

time and at a constant rate, carefully timed between
CBR Committed (Constant) Bit Rate source (transmitter) and sink (receiver). Examples
include uncompressed voice and video traffic.
A below ground room that houses electronic and.or

CEV controlled environment vault optical equipment under controlled temperature and
humidity.
In North America, a CO is that location which houses a

CO central office switch to serve local subscribers.
CPE customer premises equipment Equipment that resides on the customer’s premises.
A concept that categorizes local loops by length, gauge

CSA carrier serving area and subscriber distribution to determine how a specific
geographic area can best be served.
DS0 Digital Signal Level Zero A voice-grade channel of 64 Kbps.
1.544 Mbps in North America (T1), and 2.048 Mbps in

DS1 Digital Signal Level One Europe (E1).

In North America and Japan, DS3 is the equivalent of
28 T1 channels, operating at a total signaling rate of
44.736 Mbps. In a channelized application, DS3
DS3 Digital Signal Level Three supports 672 channels, each of 64Kbps.
In Europe, DS3 is the equivalent of 16 E1 circuits and
overhead. The effective data rate is 34.368Mbps or 512
channels.
A synchronous system developed by the International

Radio Consultative Committee, used to establish
DSC Digital Selecting Calling contact with a station or group of stations automatically
by radio.
DiffServ. A set of technologies proposed by the Internet

Engineering Task Force that would allow Internet and
other IP-based network service providers to offer
differentiated levels of service to individual customers
DSCP Differentiated Services and their information streams. On the basis of a
DiffServ CodePoint (DSCP) marker in the header of
each IP packet, the network routers would apply
differentiated grades of service to various packet
streams.
In the RS-232-C standard, the RS-232-C is connected

between the DCE (Data Communications Equipment)
DTE Data Terminal Equipment and a DTE. The main difference between a DCE and a
DTE is that pins two and three are reversed.
A means of increasing capacity if fiber-optic data

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing transmission systems through the multiplexing of
multiple wavelengths of light.
A digital transmission link with a total signaling speed of

E1 European version of T1 2.048 Mbps.
AN optical repeater device used to boost the intensity

EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier of optical signals being carried through a fiber optic
communications system.
A complete solution for convergence of residential and

EPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network business services providing connectivity through a
single fiber.
The Federal organization in Washington DC set up by

Federal Communications the Communications Act of 1934. It has the authority to
FCC Commission regulate all interstate (but not intrastate)
communications originating in the United States.
Ethernet Service Application A set of features that make it easy to implement

ESAF data services through Alloptic’s system, capturing
Facility DHCP and ARP requests.
Optical fiber from the carrier network terminates at a
FTTB fiber-to-the-business business.
Optical fiber from the carrier network terminates at a

FTTC fiber-to-the-curb curb.
Optical fiber from the carrier network terminates at

FTTH fiber-to-the-home home.

Telcordia’s GR303 family of requirements specifies a
set of generic criteria that creates an Integrated Access
GR303 System, supporting multiple distribution technologies
and architectures, and a wide range of services on a
single access platform.
Generic name for any computer interface that

GUI graphical user interface substitutes graphics for text.
The device that converts the CMTS Telephone to a

HDT Host Digital Terminal GR303 conditioned DS1.
HDTV offers approximately twice the vertical and

horizontal resolution of current NTSC analog television
HDTV High Definition Television broadcasting, which is a picture quality approaching 35
mm film. It will also support sound quality approaching
that of a CD.
HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax An outside plant distribution cabling concept employing
both fiber optic and coaxial cable.
The protocol used by the web server and the client

HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol browser to communicate.
A device which supports voice, data, and video

IAD Integrated Access Device information streams over a single, high capacity circuit.
Institute of Electrical and

IEEE Standards-making group.
Electronics Engineers
A protocol used by IP hosts and gateways to report

Internet Group Management their multicast group memberships. When used in
IGMP Protocol concert with a multicast protocol, the IP-based network
can support multicasting.
The Internet Protocol describes software that keeps

track of the Internet’s addresses for different nodes,
IP Internet Protocol routes outgoing messages, and recognizes incoming
messages.
ISDN Integrate Services Digital Network. Provides a standard for voice and data signaling.
A vendor who provides access for customers to the

ISP Internet service provider Internet and the World Wide Web.
A communications network connecting personal

computers, workstations, printers, file servers and other
LAN local area network devices inside a building or campus. Devices on a LAN
can communicate with each other.
In the Open Standards Interconnection Model, this is

the Data Link Layer. It is concerned with procedures
Layer 2 and protocols for operating the communications lines. It
also has a way of detecting and correcting message
errors.
In the Open Standards Interconnection Model, this is

the network layer. It determines how data is transferred
Layer 3 between computers. It also addresses routing within
and between individual networks.

A diode that emits light when a current is passed
LED light emitting diode through it.
The maximum amount of signal degradation a data

Loss Loss Budget communications network can withstand before it
Budget becomes susceptible to errors and/or loss of data.
MAC media access control address a 48-bit number unique to each LAN NIC.
Address
A high-speed data intra-city network that links multiple

locations within a campus, city, or service area. It
typically extends as far as 50Km, operates at speeds
MAN Metropolitan Area Network from 1 Mb/s to 200Mb/s and provides an integrated set
of services for real-time data, voice, and image
transmission.
MDU Multiple Dwelling Unit Buildings with multiple apartments
A building or group of buildings that house multiple sets

of businesses. This could be an office building, office
MDU/ Multiple Dwelling Unit/Multi Tenant park or corporate campus, medical facility, hotel or
MTU Unit college dormitory. The tenants may be business,
residence or a mix of both.
A protocol designed to bridge between circuit-based

public switched telephone networks (PSTN) and
emerging Internet Protocol (IP) technology based
networks. The Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) specification represents a combination of the
Internet Protocol Device Control specification and the
MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol Simple Gateway Control Protocol. MGCP enables
external control and management of data
communications equipment operating at the edge of
emerging multi-service packet networks, known as
media gateways. Examples of media gateway devices
include voice over IP, set top boxes and circuit cross
connects.
The largest possible unit of data that can be sent on a

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit given physical medium.
Database of network performance information stored

MIB Management Information Base on a network agent.
An international standards organization group

MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group responsible for the standardization of coded
representations of video and audio signals.
NEBS defines a set if performance, quality,

Network Equipment Building
NEBS environmental and safety requirements developed by
Standards Bellcore.
NIC network interface card The device that connects a device to a LAN.
The NIM ports provide a means to introduce additional

bandwidth into the ALLOPTIC® EPON network for
NIM Network Interface Module general use or as unique interfaces for extended
services, such as gateways for multiple Internet
providers.

operations, administration, and Refers to the specifics of managing a system or
OA&M maintenance network.
A SONET channel equal to three DS3s which is equal

OC-3 Optical Carrier Level 3 to 155.52 Mbps.
OC-12 Optical Carrier Level 12 SONET channel of 622.08 Mbps.
Ohm Unit of electrical resistance.
The OLT module forwards packets from the ONU

toward the SCM and/or NIM without filtering or
prioritization. It controls and manages the PON time
OLT Optical Line Termination Module slots and the encryption for each ONU and monitors
the state of all ONUs on the PON. The OLT also
provides system access to the Optical Network Units.
A type of access node that converts optical signals to

ONU optical network unit electrical signals and vice-versa.
The part of the Local Exchange Carrier telephone

OSP Outside Plant network that is physically located outside of telephone
company buildings.
A link state routing algorithm that is used to calculate

OSPF Open Shortest Path First routes based on the number of routers, transmission
speed, delays and route cost.
A test and measurement device often used to check

OTDR Optical Time Domain Relectometer the accuracy of fusion splices and the location of fiber
optic breakers.
A PBX is a small version of the phone company’s larger

PBX Private Branch Exchange central switching office.
PC personal computer A computer for one person’s use.
PVR Personal Video Recorder
Fiber optic network without active electronics, such as

PON Passive Optical Network repeaters, a PON uses passive splitters to deliver
signals to multiple terminal devices.
The OLT PON ports are driven by a 1 Gigabit single

Passive Optical Network mode Passive Optical Network Transceiver or
Ponter Transceiver PONTER. This bandwidth is shown in the Bandwidth
Manager as 1000Mbs Upstream and Downstream.
Basic service supplying standard single line

POTS plain old telephone service telephones, telephone lines and access to the public
switched network.
Method of light transmission encoding commonly used

PPM Pulse Position Modulation in infrared and wireless LAN applications.
PRI primary rate interface The ISDN equivalent of a T1/E1 circuit.
PSTN refers to the local, long distance, and

Public Switched Telephone international phone system. In the USA, this refers to
PSTN
Network the entire interconnected collection of local, long
distance and international phone companies.

A permanent association between two DTEs
established by configuration. Once defined and
programmed by the carrier into the network routing
PVC Private Virtual Circuits logic, all data transmitted between any two points
across the network follows a predetermined physical
path, making use of a Virtual Circuit.
Taking an 802.1Q tagged frame and adding a second

internal tag to it before the frame is forwarded. The
second tag allows any tagged frame coming into
Q in Q Double Tagging or VLAN Stacking Alloptic®’s system to be transported across the internal
tagged VLAN, which allows Alloptic® to transport
customer’s tagged packets without changing their
VLAN IDs.
QRSS quasi-random signal source Signals used for testing DS1 circuits.
Part of the FCC (Federal Communications

Commission) certification number approving a
telephone terminal product for direct sale to the end
REN Ringer Equivalence Number user as not doing harm to the network. The REN
consists of a number and a letter that indicates the
frequency response of that telephone’s ringer.
Electromagnetic waves operating between 10 kHz and

RF radio frequency 3MHz propagated without wire or cable.
Based on distance-vector algorithms that measure the

shortest path between two points on a network, based
RIP Routing Information Protocol on the addresses of the originating and destination
devices. The shortest path is determined by the
number of "hops" between those points.
A two-digit number that identifies certain capabilities of

SCM Station Class Mark our cellular phone. How the cellular network handles
your call is based on these digits.
SFU Single Family Units
An agreement between a user and a service provider,

defining the nature of the service provided and
establishing a set of metrics to be used to measure the
level of service provided against the agreed level of
SLA Service Level Agreement
service. Such SLAs might include provisioning,
average availability, restoration times for outages, etc.
They also typically include trouble-reporting
procedures, escalation procedures, penalties, etc.
Simple Network Management Standard method for interfacing with a network that
SNMP Protocol supports MIB.
Inactivation of links between networks so that

Spanning Tree Protocol information packets are channeled along one route and
will not search endlessly for a destination.
A digital transmission link with a total signaling speed of

T1 Trunk Level 1 1.544 Mbps.
TAC Technical Assistance Center

Technique for transmitting a number of separate data,
voice and/or video signals simultaneously over one
TDM Time Division Multiplex communication medium by interleaving a piece of each
signal one after the other.
Used to separate multiple conversation transmissions

TDMA Time Division Multiplex Access over a finite frequency allocation of through-the-air
bandwidth.
The header of an IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4).

The version contains an eight-bit TOS field. That field
can be used to identify to the various packet switches
TOS Type of Service and routers in an IP-based network those packets
which would like preferential treatment on a Class of
Service basis.
UBR is an ATM service category that does not specify

traffic related service guarantees. Specifically, UBR
does not include the notion of a per-connection
UBR Unspecified (or Undefined) Bit Rate negotiated bandwidth. No numerical commitments are
made with respect to the cell loss ratio experienced by
a UBR connection or as to the cell transfer delay
experienced by cells on the connection.
Usually includes an inverter, drawing its power from

UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply batteries, which generates an extremely "well behaved"
AC power signal for a PBX or other equipment.
A transmission medium consisting of a pair of copper

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair conductors which are electrically balanced.
A standard approved by the European

Telecommunications Standards Institute in 1997 for the
interface between the access network and the carrier
V5.x V5 switch for basic telephony, ISDN and semi-permanent
leased lines. The V5 standard effectively provides for
open access to both wired and wireless networks.
VAC Volts, Alternating Current
A telecommunications service in which the bit rate is

allowed to vary within defined limits. Instead of a fixed
VBR Variable Bit Rate rate, the service bit rate is specified by statistically
expressed parameters.
VDC Volts, Direct Current
A unique VLAN identification assigned to every data

VID VLAN ID user.
A means by which LAN users on different physical LAN

segments are afforded priority access privileges across
the LAN backbone in order that they appear to be on
the same physical segment of an enterprise-level
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network logical LAN. VLAN solutions are implemented in LAN
switches, and VLAN membership is defined by the LAN
administrator on the basis of either port address or
MAC address.
A service where a subscriber can watch any video

VOD Video on Demand program at any time, with pause, resume, forward and
possibly rewind control.

A technology used to transmit voice conversations over
VOIP Voice over IP a data network using the Internet Protocol. Such data
network may be the Internet or a corporate Intranet.
A vendor who provides access for customers to video

VSP Video Service Provider services.
A computer and voice network that is bigger than a city

WAN Wide Area Network or a particular metropolitan area.
Method that allows two signals to be transmitted

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing concurrently along the same optical fiber using different
wavelengths.


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Planning & Engineering Guide

ii Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 iii

iv Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 v

vi Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 vii

Chapter 1 System Overview...................................................................................... 1

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 ix

x Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Chapter 1 System Overview....................................................................................... 1

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 xi

xii Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

1 8/6/01 First release of document.

1.1 1/2/02 Revised for product updates.

3.0 March 2003 Changes include:

3.1 September 2003 Added DS3 Loopback illustration to Chapter 5.

4.0 September 2004 Restructured and streamlined manual. Removed

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 xiii

Where to find help

HAZARD: A Hazard note addresses conditions that could cause personnel

CLASS 1 LASER HAZARD: A LASER Hazard note addresses conditions that

CAUTION: A Caution note addresses conditions that could damage

WARNING: A Warning note addresses conditions that could cause service

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 xv

REQUIREMENT: An installation requirement that must be observed to prevent

xvi Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Chapter 1 System Overview

Alloptic® System Overview

The Benefits of PON

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 1

C O / H ead E n d P assive O p tica l C u sto m er P rem is e

Figure 1: edgeGEAR 2000 PON Overview

CO / Head End Passive Optical Customer Prem ise

Edge 200 PON 2

Figure 2: Edge 200 PON Overview

2 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Standard System Architecture

Figure 3: PON System Architecture

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 3

4 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Chapter 2 Alloptic Product Family

Optical Network Unit (ONU) family

RF MODULE IN 12 VDC 2A OUT DOOR 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Figure 4: home 4000

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 5

Figure 5: bizGEAR ULTRA

P ort 1 P ort 2 P ort 3 Port 4

DS 1 1 0 /1 0 0 ETHERNET D IAGN OST IC

Figure 6: bizGEAR™ 200

6 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Figure 7: mduGEAR 224

COM 48 VDC 1.5A

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 7

Figure 9: Xgen 7000

8 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0 9

10 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0

Chapter 3 Site Survey

Customer Name: ________________________________

Pager or Cell: ___________________________________