SS Ut Gamma

EN ISO ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE
ALBA LINE 6 EXPANSION PS-5 PROJECT

DOC No: SSV-NDT-EN-UT-03 REV: 0 DATE:25-09-17 PAGE: Page 1 of 29
EN ISO ULTRASONIC
TESTING PROCEDURE
CONTENTS:
Section Description Page
1 Document Background 2
1.2 Title 2
1.3 Endorsement 2
2 Purpose and Scope 3
3 Reference documents 3
4 Definitions and acronyms 4
5 Personnel 5
6 Equipment 5
7 Safety 6
8 Testing volume 6
9 Scanning surface preparation 6
10 Parent metal inspection 7
11 Weld inspection 8
12 Transfer correction 9
13 Scanning technique 9
14 Testing levels and scanning techniques for various 10
types of welded joints
15 Characterisation of indications 18
16 Evaluation and reporting 23
17 Acceptance criteria 23
18 Post cleaning 24
19 Document distribution 24
20 End of document 25
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1. DOCUMENT BACKGROUND
SSV-NDT-EN-UT-03 is an Ultrasonic Testing Technical Procedure in accordance with
BS, EN, and ISO Norms.
1.2 T ITLE
EN ISO ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE for the performance of Ultrasonic
Inspection.
1.3 E NDORSEMENT
Table 2: Document author and approver

Prepared by: Authorised by: Client Approval:
Name I Mahomed S Hind
Designation Level 3 Consultant General Manager
Signature
Date 25/09/17 25/09/17
2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this document is to ensure that Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is carried
out in a controlled defined manner, in accordance with the requirements of the
client, relevant codes and standards.
This work instruction details the requirements for ultrasonic testing, for the
detection of Defects/discontinuity in ferritic steels, not less than 8 mm wall
thickness and when in circular form, a minimum outside diameter of 100mm also
applies for forgings and castings, by personnel for or on behalf of SCOPESERV
W.L.L.
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
BS EN ISO 23279: 2010: Ultrasonic testing Characterization of indications in

Welds
BS EN ISO 17640: 2010: Ultrasonic Testing of Welded Joints
BS EN ISO 17635: 2016: General rules for metallic materials
BS EN ISO 12668-3: 2013: Non-destructive testing Characterization and

verification of ultrasonic examination equipment
BS EN ISO 11666: 2010: Ultrasonic testing of Welded Joints Acceptance Levels
SCOPESERV W.L.L: Ultrasonic Testing report.
SSV-NDT-ISOWP-01: ISO9712 Written Practice
4. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
NDT: Non-Destructive Testing

UT: Ultrasonic Testing
FSD: Full skip distance.
DAC: Distance amplitude correction.
FSH: Full screen height.
HSD: Half skip distance.
POD: Probability of Detection
BWE: Back wall echo.
Met survey: In-service inspection
Authorisation: Written confirmation by the employer attesting that qualified and

certified NDT personnel meet the employers quality standards.
Certification: Procedure used by the certification body to confirm that the
qualification requirements for a method; level and sector have been fulfilled.
Certification Body: Body that administers procedures for certification according
to the requirements of ISO 9712.
NDT Personnel: Personnel who are competent to perform the specific NDT
required and who are qualified and Authorised in accordance with this
procedure.
NDT Level 3: The person, or persons, authorised by SCOPESERV W.L.L, who

is approved and has overall responsibility for the NDT activity and the
personnel falling under his control.
5. PERSONNEL
5.1 All NDT shall only be carried out by personnel trained and authorised in
accordance with Written Practice SSV-NDT-ISOWP-01.
5.2 Evaluation of inspection results may only be conducted by Level II and Level
III personnel
6. EQUIPMENT
6.1. Any make of ultrasonic flaw detector is permissible.
6.2. 0 compression, 45, 60 and 70 angle probes, single or twin crystal with
frequency within the range of 2 MHz to 5 MHz may be used.
6.3. Cables shall not be more than 2m long.
6.4. Calibration blocks such as A2 (V1), A4 (V2) shall be used.
6.5. DAC reference blocks with 3 mm side drilled holes manufactured from an
acoustically similar material as the test material and within 10% of the test
material thickness (t) = Technique 1.
6.6. DAC reference blocks with a notch of 1 mm wide, rectangular, with a depth
of 1 mm.
6.7. Couplant shall be compatible with the material to be examined and shall
remain constant throughout calibration of equipment and the examination.
6.8. All equipment shall comply with relevant International standards.
7. SAFETY
7.1 NDT Personnel shall thoroughly familiarise themselves with all site
specific safety requirements and shall fully comply with all the relevant safety
requirements of the site which they are operating on.
7.2 Couplant and equipment shall be used and stored with care and in
compliance with manufacturer instructions and material safety data sheets.
7.3 Testing shall be done in a well-ventilated area, away from sources of heat,
sparks and naked flames.
7.4 Before electrical equipment is used, it must be thoroughly inspected to

ensure that there will be no danger of malfunction, fire or electrocution.
7.5 All relevant PPE shall be worn at all times.
7.6 MSDSs to be available for all chemicals and couplants.
8. TESTING V OLUME
8.1. The parent metal in the entire scanning zone area, shall be examined with
straight beam probes after welding. Where imperfections are found, their
influence on the proposed angle beam testing shall be assessed and, if necessary,
the techniques adjusted correspondingly. When satisfactory coverage by
ultrasonic testing is seriously affected, other inspection techniques (e.g.
radiography) shall be considered.
8.2. The testing volume is the zone which is 100% of the weld, and parent
material at least 10 mm either side of the weld or the width of the heat affected
zone, whichever is greater.
8.3. In all cases, scanning shall cover the whole testing volume. If individual
sections of this volume cannot be covered in at least one scanning direction,
alternative or supplementary ultrasonic techniques or other non-destructive
techniques shall be agreed upon and noted on the report.
9. SCANNING SURFACE PREPARATION
9.1. The scanning surface shall be wide enough for the testing volume to be fully
covered. The scanning surface shall be even and free from foreign matter like
rust, loose scale, weld spatter, notches or grooves, which may interfere with
probe coupling.
9.2. Cleaning may be conducted by the client by either a mechanical process

such as grinding, wire brush, shot blasting etc. or by the technician utilising a
chemical process such as solvents, degreaser etc. care must be taken when using
a chemical method to ensure the chemicals do not hamper the integrity of the
component being tested.
9.3. The maximum surface temperature when using conventional probes and
couplant shall not exceed 60C, if the temperature exceeds 60C only an
approved alternate method may be used or the test shall not be conducted.
9.4. The maximum permitted gap between the test surface and the probe shall
be 0.5 mm.
10. PARENT METAL INSPECTION
10.1. The parent material shall be tested along the full length of the weld and
testing volume for a distance back from the weld equal to the maximum
scanning distance to be used for the subsequent angle probe examination,
and shall be examined using twin crystal compression wave probe for
materials 8mm to 60mm and a single crystal compression wave probe for
materials above 60mm.
10.2. The time base shall be calibrated to a range so that two back wall echoes
from the parent material can be displayed on the screen.
10.3. The test sensitivity shall be such that the second back wall echo is at 80%
full screen height plus 6dB on and imperfection free area of the material.
10.4. In order to give 100% coverage scanning shall have a 10% overlap and
the speed of scanning shall not exceed 150mm/s.
10.5. Where indications are found their influence on the proposed angle beam
test shall be assessed and, if necessary, the techniques shall be adjusted
accordingly. If ultrasonic testing is seriously affected other inspection
methods should be considered.
11. WELD INSPECTION
11.1. The weld shall be tested over its entire cross section and along the
specified length as per tables 3 to 9 and test levels. The amount of
different angle probes used shall be as per the tables (tables 3 to 9), and
used to detect longitudinal defects and defects orientated transverse to the
weld. Where accessible the weld shall be tested from all surfaces and
limitations recorded.
11.2. Flush welds and welds over 60mm in thickness shall be scanned using a
0 probe and may be used to measure the depth of excessive root
penetration, root cavity or lack of fusion.
11.3. The distance calibration for angle probes shall be carried out on either
the A2 (V1) or A4 (V2) calibration blocks.
11.4. The scanning sensitivity reference level shall be a distance amplitude
correction curve for a 3mm side-drilled hole or DAC reference blocks
with a notch of 1 mm wide, rectangular, with a depth of 1 mm. The 1 mm
notch block technique applies only for the thickness range 8 mm to 15
mm and for beam angles of 70.
Figure 1: DAC reference block with 3 mm side drilled holes
Figure 2: DAC reference blocks with a notch of 1 mm wide,

rectangular, with a depth of 1 mm
12. TRANSFER CORRECTION
12.1. When separate blocks are used for establishing reference levels a
measurement shall be made of the transfer differences, between test object
and block, at a representative number of locations.
12.2. If the differences are less than 2 dB, correction is not required. If the
differences are greater than 2 dB but smaller than 12 dB, they shall be
compensated for.
12.3. If transfer losses exceed 12 dB, the reason shall be considered and further
preparation of the scanning surfaces shall be carried out, if applicable.
12.4. When there are no apparent reasons for high correction values, the
attenuation, at various locations on the test object, shall be measured and,
where it is found to vary significantly, corrective actions considered.
13. SCANNING TECHNIQUE
13.1 A zig-zag technique shall be used to scan the length of the weld, this
movement shall be 0 - 1 skip distances.
13.2 A slight swivelling movement up to an angle of 10 on either side of

the nominal beam direction may be applied to the probe.
14. T ESTING
LEVELS AND SCANNING TECHNIQUES FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF
WELDED JOINTS
14.1. Quality requirements for welded joints are mainly associated with the
material, welding process and service conditions. To accommodate all of
these requirements, the International Standard specifies four testing levels
(A, B, C, and D).
14.2. From testing level A to testing level C, an increasing probability of

detection is achieved by an increasing testing coverage, e.g. number of
scans, surface dressing.
14.3 Specific requirements for testing levels A to C are given for various
types of joints below. The joint types shown are ideal examples only.
NOTE (1): Where actual weld conditions or accessibility do not conform exactly to those
shown, the testing technique shall be modified to satisfy the general requirements of this
procedure and the specific testing level required. For these cases, a written test procedure
shall be prepared.
Figure 3: Butt joints in plates and pipes
Table 3: Butt joints in plates and pipes
Figure 4: Structural T-joints
Table 4: Structural T-joints
Figure 5: Set-through nozzle joints
Table 5: Set-through nozzle joints
Figure 6: Structural L-joints
Table 6: Structural L-joints
Figure 7: Set-on nozzle joints
Table 7: Set-on nozzle joints
Figure 8: Cruciform joints
Table 8: Cruciform joints
Figure 9: Node joints in tubular structures
Table 9: Node joints in tubular structures
15. CHARACTERISATION OF INDICATIONS
All indications larger than Reference Level -14dB shall be characterized according to
pattern type as indicated in pattern type below and recorded on the SCOPESERV W.L.L
UT Report.
15.1 Pattern 1: Point like reflector response. At any probe position, the A-scan shows a
single sharp echo, as the probe is moved this rises in amplitude smoothly
to a single maximum before falling smoothly to noise level.
Figure 10: Echo Patterns
15.2 Pattern 2: Extended smooth reflector response. At any probe position, the A-
scan shows a single sharp echo. When the ultrasonic beam is moved
over the reflector the echo rises smoothly and is maintained with
variation in amplitude of up to 4dB, until the beam moves of the
reflector and the echo falls smoothly to noise level.
15.3 Pattern 3a: Extended rough reflector response, near normal angle of incidence.
At any probe position, the A-scan shows a single but ragged echo. As the probe is
moved this may undergo large random fluctuations in amplitude. The fluctuations are
caused by reflections from different angles of the reflector, and by random interference
of wave scattered from groups of angles.
15.4 Pattern 3b: Extended rough reflector response, oblique incidence. At any probe
position, the A-scan shows an extended train of signals (subsidiary
peaks) within a bell-shaped pulse envelope. As the probe is moved
each subsidiary peak travels through the pulse envelope, rising to its
own maximum towards the centre of the envelope and then falling.
The overall signal may show large random fluctuations in amplitude.
15.5 Pattern 4: Multiple reflector response. At any probe position, the A-scan shows
a cluster of signals that may or may not be well resolved in a range.
As the probe is moved the signals rise and fall at random but the signal
from each separate reflector element, if resolved, shows pattern 1
response.
16 . E VALUATION AND REPORTING
16.1. Where EN ISO 11666:2010 has been specified along with Technique 1 and
Acceptance Level 2: The Evaluation, Acceptance and Recording Levels from Table 10
shall apply for thickness of 8 mm to 15mm and Table 11 for thickness of 15 mm to 100mm.
16.2. All indications larger than Reference Level -14dB shall be characterized according
to pattern type as indicated in pattern type below and recorded on the SCOPESERV
W.L.L UT Report.
16.3. The length of the indication shall be determined in accordance with the Fixed
Amplitude Level Technique, see Table 14.
16.4. All relevant indications shall be recorded and evaluated for acceptability in accordance
with the specified referencing code.
17. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
17.1 Where EN ISO 11666:2010 has been specified along with Technique 1 and
Acceptance Level 2: The Evaluation, Acceptance and Recording Levels from Table 10
shall apply for thickness of 8 mm to 15mm and Table 11 for thickness of 15 mm to
100mm.
17.2 Where indications were detected, the report shall be dispositioned as Rejectable
if evaluated as such against the specified acceptance criteria. Where no acceptance
criteria has been specified, the report shall be dispositioned as Recordable Indications
Noted.
17.3 Where no indications were detected, the report shall be dispositioned as
Acceptable if suitable acceptance criteria have been specified. Where no acceptable
criteria has been specified, the report shall be dispositioned as No recordable
indications.
TABLE 10
ACCEPTANCE LEVEL 2
THICKNESS = 8 mm to 15mm
TECHNIQUE 1 (SDH)
EVALUATION LEVEL:
1. Evaluate all indications larger than Reference Level -14dB.
ACCEPTANCE LEVEL:
1. The red line above indicates the Acceptance Level which depends of the function of Indication
length vs Part Thickness (t).
2. When indication length is less than or equal to part thickness (t), the Acceptance Level shall be the
Reference Level -4dB.
3. When the indication length is greater than part thickness (t), the Acceptance Level shall be the
RECORDING LEVEL:
1. When indication length is less than or equal to part thickness (t), the Recording Level shall be the
2. When the indication length is greater than part thickness (t), the Recording Level shall be the
NOTE:
1. Any indication with an amplitude below the acceptance level but with a length (above evaluation
level) exceeding t, for the thickness range of 8 mm t < 15 mm, or t/2 or 20 mm, whichever is the
larger, for all other thickness ranges, shall be subject to further testing. This requires the use of
additional probe angle(s), and, if specified, the tandem technique.
2. The final evaluation shall be based on the maximum echo amplitude and length measured.
LENGTH OF INDICATION:
1. When two individually acceptable indications which have amplitudes above recording level are
closely grouped, their lengths may be grouped in accordance with Table 12.
2. For the cumulative length of acceptable indications refer to Table 13.
3. Length sizing shall be conducted via the fixed amplitude technique, see Table 14.
TABLE 11
ACCEPTANCE LEVEL 2
THICKNESS = 15 mm to 100 mm
TECHNIQUE 1 (SDH)
EVALUATION LEVEL:
1. Evaluate all indications larger than Reference Level -14dB.
ACCEPTANCE LEVEL:
1. The red line above indicates the Acceptance Level which depends of the function of
Indication length vs Part Thickness (t).
2. When indication length is between 0.5 X part thickness (t) and 1.0 X part thickness (t), the
Acceptance Level shall be the Reference Level -6dB.
3. When the indication length is greater than part thickness (t), the Acceptance Level shall
be the Reference Level -10dB.
RECORDING LEVEL:
1. When indication length is less than or equal to 0.5 X part thickness (t), the Recording
Level shall be the Reference Level -4dB.
2. When indication length is between 0.5 X part thickness (t) and 1.0 X part thickness (t), the
Recording Level shall be the Reference Level -10dB.
3. When the indication length is greater than part thickness (t), the Recording Level shall be
the Reference Level -14dB.
NOTE:
1. Any indication with an amplitude below the acceptance level but with a length (above
evaluation level) exceeding t, for the thickness range of 8 mm u t < 15 mm, or t/2 or 20
mm, whichever is the larger, for all other thickness ranges, shall be subject to further
testing. This requires the use of additional probe angle(s), and, if specified, the tandem
technique.
2. The final evaluation shall be based on the maximum echo amplitude and length measured.
LENGTH OF INDICATION:
1. When two individually acceptable indications which have amplitudes above recording
level are closely grouped, their lengths may be grouped in accordance with Table 12.
2. For the cumulative length of acceptable indications refer to Table 13.
3. Length sizing shall be conducted via the fixed amplitude technique, see Table 14.
TABLE 12:
Grouping of indications
Grouping is based on the length and the separation of two individually acceptable indications having
amplitudes above the recording level. The length of a group shall not be used for further grouping.
For evaluation, a group of indications shall be considered as a single one if:
a) the distance, dx, is less than twice the length of the longer indication (see Figure 15);
b) the distance, dy, is less than half of the thickness but not more than 10 mm;
c) the distance, dz, is less than half of the thickness but not more than 10 mm.
The combined length is:
l12 = l1 + l2 + dx
(See Figure 16).
The combined length, l12, and the larger maximum amplitude of the two indications shall then be
assessed against the applicable acceptance levels.
FIGURE 15:
FIGURE 16:
TABLE 13:
CUMULATIVE LENGTH OF ACCEPTABLE INDICATIONS
The cumulative length of all individually acceptable indications above recording level is given as the
sum of lengths of both single indications and linearly aligned indications of combined length within a
given section of weld length.
For any section of weld length, lw, the maximum cumulative length of all individually acceptable
indications above the recording level shall not exceed 20 % of this length for acceptance level 2, or 30
% of this length for acceptance level 3, where lw = 6 t for t < 15 mm and lw = 100 mm for t W 15 mm.
TABLE 14: LATERAL SIZING TECHNIQUE
18. POST CLEANING
18.1 When required after final inspection, the part shall be post cleaned to
remove all traces of couplant.
18.2 Cleaning shall be done as soon as possible after the inspection.
18.3 Post cleaning processes and consumables shall not be detrimental to the
material being tested.
19. COMPLLIANCE
Immediately contact the author of this document if any of the stipulations cannot be met
prior to continuing.
20. POST CLEANING
This section herein indicated the end of the document and thus endorsed by the author's
signature.
Table 15: Endorser

Author Signature
I Mahomed

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EN ISO ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE

ALBA LINE 6 EXPANSION PS-5 PROJECT

Table 2: Document author and approver

Name I Mahomed S Hind

Designation Level 3 Consultant General Manager

Date 25/09/17 25/09/17

2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

BS EN ISO 23279: 2010: Ultrasonic testing Characterization of indications in

BS EN ISO 17640: 2010: Ultrasonic Testing of Welded Joints

BS EN ISO 17635: 2016: General rules for metallic materials

BS EN ISO 12668-3: 2013: Non-destructive testing Characterization and

BS EN ISO 11666: 2010: Ultrasonic testing of Welded Joints Acceptance Levels

SCOPESERV W.L.L: Ultrasonic Testing report.

SSV-NDT-ISOWP-01: ISO9712 Written Practice

4. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS

NDT: Non-Destructive Testing

Authorisation: Written confirmation by the employer attesting that qualified and

NDT Level 3: The person, or persons, authorised by SCOPESERV W.L.L, who

6.1. Any make of ultrasonic flaw detector is permissible.

6.3. Cables shall not be more than 2m long.

6.4. Calibration blocks such as A2 (V1), A4 (V2) shall be used.

6.8. All equipment shall comply with relevant International standards.

7.4 Before electrical equipment is used, it must be thoroughly inspected to

7.5 All relevant PPE shall be worn at all times.

7.6 MSDSs to be available for all chemicals and couplants.

9. SCANNING SURFACE PREPARATION

9.2. Cleaning may be conducted by the client by either a mechanical process

10. PARENT METAL INSPECTION

11. WELD INSPECTION

Figure 1: DAC reference block with 3 mm side drilled holes

Figure 2: DAC reference blocks with a notch of 1 mm wide,

12. TRANSFER CORRECTION

13. SCANNING TECHNIQUE

13.2 A slight swivelling movement up to an angle of 10 on either side of

14.2. From testing level A to testing level C, an increasing probability of

Figure 3: Butt joints in plates and pipes

Table 3: Butt joints in plates and pipes

Figure 4: Structural T-joints

Table 4: Structural T-joints

Figure 5: Set-through nozzle joints

Table 5: Set-through nozzle joints

Figure 6: Structural L-joints

Table 6: Structural L-joints

Figure 7: Set-on nozzle joints

Table 7: Set-on nozzle joints

Figure 8: Cruciform joints

Table 8: Cruciform joints

Figure 9: Node joints in tubular structures

Table 9: Node joints in tubular structures

15. CHARACTERISATION OF INDICATIONS

Figure 10: Echo Patterns

Figure 11: Echo Patterns

Figure 12: Echo Patterns

Figure 13: Echo Patterns

Figure 14: Echo Patterns

16 . E VALUATION AND REPORTING

17. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

TABLE 14: LATERAL SIZING TECHNIQUE

18. POST CLEANING

18.2 Cleaning shall be done as soon as possible after the inspection.

20. POST CLEANING

Table 15: Endorser

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