CHINA

Chain Belt Type Chain Grate of Chi

Dao(Equator)Brand

Instruction of

Chain Belt Type Chain Grate

mmitm 1!P

Wafangdian City Yongning Machinery Factory

Address: Yongning Town, Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province. Postal Code: 116326.

Tel: 0086-411-85170038, 85170063

Fax NO: 0086 -411 - 85171072

E - mail: info@ ynjxc. com http: / /www. ynjxc. com

 Content

General.

1. Technical features of chain belt type chain grate 1). Range and requirement of applecation.

2). Classification of chain belt type chain grate

3). Structure and technical features of grate

2. Use of grate.

1). Inspection and adjustment of grate on site

2). Ignition ofgrate.

2). Operation and management of grate.

3). Maintain and repair ofgrate.

Attached figure: Chain Belt Type Chain Grate.

 General.
Wafangdian City Yongning Machinery Factory is a specialized manufacturer in design and
manufacturing various stoker grates. There are five series of products (travelling - cross-beam type
- chain grate, large louver type chain grate, small louver type chain grate, light type chain grate and
reciprocating grate), and more than one hwidred different kinds of grates. \Ve also can undertake
the design, retrofit and erection of various grates. In recent more than 30 years, our grates have
been matched with the products produced by hundreds of boilermakers and other enterprises. Our
products have been extended all over the cowitry and have been sold as far as to t11e
. countries of such as Indonesia, Japan and Korea etc. Hawig excellent quality, good reputation of
performing contract and in-time seivice have won the trust and praise by numerous customers.
That the technical features and applicable conditions of chain belt type chain grate, and the
technical requirements of its installing, commissioning, operating and managing, and maintaining
will be described here in detail in this instruction.

Technical features.

1. Range and requirement of application.

The chain belt type chain grate is a mechanized grate firing equipment. It can be matched
with the capacities of the chain grate boilers from 0.5 tJh to 15 t/h and with various specialized
equipment for heating and drying purposes. It is suitable to bwn bituminous coai lignite (brown)
coal and peat. After special design, this combustion equipment also can bwn the fuels of such as
bagasse, woods and rice hull etc.
The coal .used for this type of the grate should be tally with the following requirements:
(1). The maximum size of coal lump does not exceed 40 mm and the grate is not suitable to
bwn the culm of O - 5 mm.
(2). The moisture of coal should be between 8 - 10 % and less than20 %.
(3). The ash content of coal should be less than 30 % but more than 10 %, the volatile
content of coal should be not less than 20 %.
(4). The melting temperature of ash should be higher than 1250 C. (5). The coking property
should be weak
(6). The low calorific value of coal should be higher than 4226 kcal/kg.
(7). If above requirements on coal are in conflict with the requirement on coal
by a coal feeding equipment, a higher requirement should be considered to take.
The temperature of the primary air for this grate can't be over 200 C.

2. Structure and technical features of chain belt type chain grate.

The chain belt type chain grate can be divided into three type grates of light
 chain grate> massive chain grate and articulated chip type chain grate (Only light chain grate will
be described here). A common structure of the light chain grate can see an attached figure. The
various concrete structures with a side air inlet or a back air inlet, with a single building board
or the windboxes and with a high frame or a low frame can be designed according to the specific
order requirement by customer.
Whole grate is consisted by following parts: (1). Driving shaft; (2). Driven shaft; (3). Frame;
(4). Ash-dropping device; (5). Air regulating device; (6). Grate links; (7). Coal feeding hopper; (8).
Front air damper; (9). Side sealing.
The concrete s1rcucture and technical features of the grate are:
(1). The biggest advantage of tJ1e light chain grate is: simple structure. less metal
consumption and big blast air section ratio (usually is about 12 %); the requirement on the
strength and properties of the driving grate bars and driven grate bars is high.
(2). The main components of the light chain grate are the driving grate bars, driven grate
bars and the pulling rods of round steel which are penetrated the grate bars together along the
grate width direction. During the operation. the endJess chain is consisted by the driving grate
bars will be engaged with t11e dm i n g s pr oc kets on the forward shaft. The chain belt between
the driving chain .links is to be formed by the driven grate bars that are connected parallelly.
(3). Several independent windboxes separated each other are arranged along the Iongin1dinal
direction inside of the grate, the velocity of the primary air entering the windbox will be reduced as
diffusion of it and will fill up the whole windbox uniformly. The air volu me inlet each windbox
can be adjusted through adjusting an air register.
(4). An ash-dropping device is arranged in the windbox of the grate. At the bottom of the
windbo x a fixed ash-dropping base plate with an ash-dropping hole is to be layout A moving
ash-droppingdoor, which is tandem connect with a pulling lever, will co ver and seal the ash-
dropping hole in normal time. Pushing and pulling the ash- dropping handle of the lever
periodically, the fouling inside of the windbox will be dropped off from the ash-dropping hole
o nto the grate links beneath it and the ash will be brought into an ash-receiving hopp er in the
front of llte grate by the grate links or to a place near an ash-raking door and then the ash will be
raked off by hands.
(S). This grate has been commissioning s trictly in the factory and will be out the factory as a
whole set (it also can be out the factory in separated pieces according to the specia l contract
requirement by customer).

Use of light chain grate.

1. Inspection and adjustment of grate.

The grate has completed a fit dimensional coordination and has passed a co ld operational
test for more than 8 hours in the factory already. However the fastening bolts may be come loose
by the vibration dmin g the transport ation that may cause the change of the structure dimenc;ions.
Hence after the completion of whole boiler instaJlatio it must be to check the chain grate
carefully ancl carry out a cold no-load
test:
(1). Check if the fastening nuts of the adjusting screws of the driving shaft come
loose or not? If they are to be come loose then these nuts should be fastened again and make the
adjusting screws stretch tl1e bearings of the driving shaft.
(2). Check if the lubricant in the bearings of the driving and driven shafts has been gone bad
and filled up or not? Please fill the lubricant according to the technical requirement.
(3). Check carefully if iliere is any iron piece or other sundries to be drop in or held on at any
place of the chain grate or not?
(4). Check if the air register is dexterously and quickly in action? Please eliminate the
failure.
(5). Check if the pushing and pulling of the pulling lever of the ash dropping is dexterously
and quickly in action? Please eliminate the failure.
(6). The going up and down of the guillotine should be convenience and flexible, It is required
that the distances between ilie two sides of the lower level of the guillotine at left and at right and
the grate surface should be equal in order to ensure the thickness of coal layer at two sides is same;
if it is not equal then one must make it to be equal tluough a method of reducing chain links.
(7). The cover on the top of the guillotine should be covered tightly in order to prevent coal
lump being fallen down and jamming the guillotine to avoid affecting the going up and down of it.
(8). After completion of checking and adjusting above, the grate should be carried out a cold
trial test for more than 8 hours and the operational speed at the cold trial test should be at more than
two different speed levels. The operation at each speed level should be at least for two turns.
Dwing the operation, it is required that the engaging situation between driving grate bars and the
sprockets should be good and the operation of the grate should be stable and keep in order;
there is no any phenomenon of such as noise, jam, arch chamber and going aside etc. The minimum
gaps between the two side driving grate.bars and the side sealing blocks can't be less than specified
values of the drawings. During the idleness operation, if following phenomenon is found and then
should be dealed with in time.
A. There is an arch chamber phenomenon during the operation of the grate
that can be eliminated through an adjustment of the adjusting screw of the driving shaft at both
sides in the front of the grate.
B. There is a bouncing phenomenon of the safety clutch on the decelerator and it should
be checked at once if the grate drive is to be jammed? Is there any grate bar being broken? Is the
long pin (double end bolt) of the grate to be bent seriously? If there is any phenomenon above,
this grate long pin should be drawn out at the assembling hole in the front of the grate and then be
straightened or replace the grate bars.
C. The distance between the two ends of the grate long pin and both side plates of the grate
should keep the same. If one end of the long pin rubs witl1 the side plate, then with a hammer hits
the end of long pin at the assembling hole in the front of the grate and makes the distance between
two ends of it and side plates be the same.

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 2. Ignition of the grate.
Before ignition, open the ignition door. Some flammables of woods etc. are put on the front of
the grate and begin to light a fire; at this time start the induced draft fan in order to enhance a natual
ventilation; After burning of the P)Tophorus, coal can be laid on the top of the pyropborus with
bands and at this time the blower can be started; when the coal layer combustion is blazing and then
the igniting door can be closed and feeding coal into the coat hopper. Start the grate interruptedly
and observe the ignition situation at the poking hole and conduct a suitable poking: after the front
arch being heated up and coal can be ignited continuousyl, start the grate and regulating air volume
of the forced fan and induced draft fan to make the combustion be normal.

2. Operation and management of grate.

(1). A normal combution situation on the grate is: firing grare is le\'eled flame is densely and
uniformly covered and shown a light yellow colour. there is no firing hole to free cold air, bum out
zone is in good order and uniform. 4-lag i hown a dark colour and smoke came from tJ1e chemney
is shown a light grey colour.
(2). Any iron piece or other sundries is forbidden to enter into the furnace in
order to prevent jamming the grate.
(3). The coal should be kept as fixed thickness afte r malJng adjustment and do not to have it
ups and downs. Only when the coal type is changed or the boiler load is needed to have a quick
change, the thickness of the coal can he changed then. A common thickness of coal layer is 80 - 180
mm. For bituminous coaL a quick combustion method with a thin coal layer can be adopted and the
thickness of it is 100
- 130 mm. If the moisture content of coal is high, a slow combusrion \\1th thick coal layer is
suitable to use (the data above is only as a reference).
(4). Coal can ' t be lacked inside of the coal hopper and a phenomenon of the "bum coal
bridging" inside of the coal hopper should be elim inate.d at any time.
(5). After entering the furnace, the coal should be ignited in a range of 200 - 300 mm apart
from the guillotine; it is not allowed that the coal combustion occurs under the guillotine which will
burns out the guillotine. 1f the combustion of coal is to be found under the guiJlot ine, then rhe coal
should he added a suitable amount of moisture to the coal or increase the grate velocity.
(6). When coal entering the furnace and has not been ignited at a distance of 400 mm apart from
the guillotine, it is called as 'flame blow off' . At this time, one should open the furnace door and
poke the fire, i.e. one should mo\'e the barning coal at rear to the coal layer near the guillotine or put
some flammibles of woods etc. on the coal layer to speed up th ignition velocity.
(7). If a coking of burning coat is found, the size of the coking lump can' t be larger than 200
mm, otherwise one should open the furnace door and break down the coking lumps.
(8). Coal combustion on the everywhere of the grate should be uniform, if there
is any phenomenon of such as firing hole, black smoke or uneven of the coal layer,

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 the coal layer should be poked levelly with a poker.
(9).The ash and slag in the windboxes and at the ash . .cleaning place in the front"
of the grate should be cleaned three times for each shift.
(10). The positive pressure combustion is strictly forbidden, if the positive
pressure combustion is appeared then one must check the operation situation of the bolwer and
induced draft fan whether is in normal or not and check whether a jam seizure is existed inside of
the boiler or outside pf flue gas pipe. If there is, please eliminate it in time.
(11). " Depressing or banking the fire" should be avoided as can as possible
in order to prevent to bum out the grate bars.
(12). When the boiler load is increased and need to intensify the
combustion. One should increase the air draught firstly and secondly increase air blast and then
increase grate velocity. If it is necessary, one can increase thickness of coal layer. When the boiler
load is decreased and needs to abate the coal combustion. One should reduce the grate velocity
firstly and secondly reduce air blast and then air draught If it is necessary, one also can reduce the
thickness of coal layer.
(13). The shutdown of the grate is usually carried out based on the follwing
procedures:
A Stop coal supply to the grate i-n velocity.. half hour in advance and reduce the
grate
B. Suitably close down the induced draft fan and let the rest of coal on the grate be burning out
before shutdown the fumace.
C. After coal being bwnt out, stop the forced fan and induced drafy fan.
D. If it is necessary, the grate will be continuously to operate until all
ashes on the grate is to be dropped off.
(10). The Emergency shutdown of the grate will be can-ied out based on the following
procedures:
A Firstly stop the forced fan and then stop the induced draft fan.
B. The radial gate under the coal hopper should be turned up to stop coal supply.
C. Open the ignition door to quickly shovel out all unbuming coal on the front of the grate and the
buming coal on the grate from the ignition door.
D. The grate will be moved in a maximum speed to move all ashes and coals on the grate out the
furnace.
E. Stop the operation of the grate.

4. Maintain and repair of the grate.

(1). Lubricant should be added periodically based the requirement shown at
each oil-adding hole .( at both sided of the driving shaft and the rear shaft); other places which are
needed to tum, swaying screws and pin spindles are all needed to add lubricant periodically.
(2). During the operation of the grate in the :first month, the grate links should
be adjusted and be drawn tight four times based on 3, 7, 15 and 30 days separately. Later on the
grate should be checked constantly, if any grate link is found to have a loose or go aside, one
should adjust the adjusting screw of the forward shaft and draw the grate
 tight in order to prevent arch chamber.
(3). During the operation, a jamming of the grate may be caused by followings:
A The degree of tightness of the adjusting screw at two sides of the grate is
inconsistent and makes the grate go aside.
B. The grate is arched at the sprocket shaft and jammed by a angle steel of the side
sealing. The jamming and blocking of the grate may be caused by iron piece, broken grate bar
and loosed screw; the burning out of the driving grate bars may cause the chain be over
loosed; the turning of driving grate bars is ineffectively which is due to the penetrated holes
of the driving grate bars and long pins being blocked etc.
C. Coking into the big lumps so that the resistance of the grate is increased.
This failure should be eliminated based on the concrete situation during the operation. (4). If
the grate goes aside, the adjusting screw on the driving shaft bearing
should be adjusted in time.
(5). If find the grate bars and links to be bWllt out or had an overlarge defonnation, it
should be replaced in time (it can be conducted in the front of the grate), in order to avoid to
affect the safety operation.
(6). When dismantle the grate and make an overhau a special attention should be given
to the erosion situation of the sprockets, grate bars, long pins. fonvard and rear shafts, frame
and base plates etc. If it is seriously 10 be \\ear and tear then it should be replaced.
(7). If the furnace will be shutdown for rather long period of time. it is necessary
to clean out of the coal inside of coal hopper and clean the fouling in the each plenum, and
add an antirust agent in each rotating and wearing parts of the grate.

The First Edition. January. 2003.

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