Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
CE
A project of Volunteers in Asia
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The Office of International Affairs, Department of
Housing and Urban Development, has published
this manual on self-help housing in the interests of
the dissemination of information and knowledge of
interest to U.S. domestic and other low income
family needs. The techniques presented are not
necessarily representative of construction in any
given geographical area.
MAY 1974
1
IcI
You can build your own house!
2
iUsted puede fabricar su propia casa!
Shelter Types
Tipos de Casas
Units for Rainy Climates Units on Sloped Terrain Units for Hot Climates
Casas para Clima Htimedo Casas en Desnivel Casas en Clima Caliente
6
Units for Temperate Zones
Casas en Clima Templado
Bunks
Espacio para DOS Literas
9
Drawing
Plan
Front View
Vista de Enfrente
10
I1dying Out a Building
I
.:
Contorno de la Construction
en C5 equals BD,
will he half of CD
Cuando CB sea igual a BD, el punto P se
encontrari a la mitad de la distancia CD
- plumb bob
plomada
I CP
Measuring
I
Cinta
Tape
Cadenero de Atrh
! P
5 Observer
Observador levsling rod nail sledgehammer
nivel cable Fiha Estaca IIIIU,O
11
Layout and Levelling
Contorno y Nivelacih
Base Alignment
Alineamiento de la Base
Equal Distar 9s
-Distancias @ales
Alignment Point
Angle A must always be a right Punto de Alineamiento
angle. Lines A&EC-CA can be
different lengths. Exampie:
Side AS 1.50 M 3.00 M 6.00 M Alineamiento Paralelo
Side SC 2.50 M 5.00 M 10.00 M
Side CA 2.00 M 4.00 M 8.00 M
Tools
Utensilios
I
Cinta MCtrica
Plumb Line
Baliza
12
Establishing a level between two points
Nivelacih entre dos puntos
Variable Height
Altura Variable
Water Hose
water Hose
Manguera
13
Staking and Laying Out the House
Apuntando y Localizando la Casa
stake
estaca
14
Establishing corners for excavation and footings
EstabIeciendo 10s rincones para la excavaci6t-t y las bases
saw kerf
in$icin de alineamiento
15
The Foundation
La Fundacion
floor tile
losas
setting bed
cepa
slab
lancha
footing
base
mortar
mortero
sloped ground
terreno inclinado
--
--
76
Reinforced Concrete
Cimientos de Concrete Armado
Cement fill
Cimientos de concrete ciclbpeo
Cross Section
Seccih
- Concrete Collar
Dado de Concrete
T Under walls
Bajo muros
The Walls
Las Muros
interior wall
muro interior
window sill
antepecbo
I
I
I
Brick or Cement Block Wails
Muros de Ladrillo
correcting plumb line
rectificando la plomada
guide string
Plumb bob
plomada
wall cross section
desplante de muros
string
hilo
Village Brick Works
Para Hater Ladrillos
Remove large stones from clay If not moist, add water. Cover to Si el barro es seco. afiada agua.
or sieve through fine mesh. retard evaporation. To mold. Cubrir para atrasar ewpora-
place 4 inches of clay in level,
Eliminar las piedras grandes de1 cidn..Pala moldar, pan 4 de
lined pit. Tramp throroughly,
barro, o pasar por cedazo fine. turn and tramp again. barro en hoyo nirelado y fo-
rrado con masoneria. Mezclc
completament.v, voltee y mez-
de de nuevo.
20
hoyos para mezclar drying platform
moist clay storage
acumulador para plataforma de .secar
barro hlimedo molding table?
[7 mes~~~oldeal
t I
21
AdobeWalls
Muros de Adobe
Guide Strings
Cover layer made up of one third lime or kneaded mud
\ Caoa de mezcla de cdl terciada o lodo amasado
r reinforced with St
ina reforzada con
I \I-/ atlobc \
masons trowel
cuchara dc albaiiil
22
Clay straw. hay. etc.
barro - r paja, zacate, etc.
vpresionando el lodo
sing the clay (mud) into the form
wood mold
molde de madera o garrilla
wall finish
.-- park de1 muro
-_ joint
junta
plumb bob
- plomada joints incorrectly laid
24
ing Plaster to Finish the Walls
Qplanado de Yeso
counterframe
I
cOntramarc
112*x 4 #iI /.
P
IATICWI
IPNCIAS - I Id
IxJow casings
Doors
Puertas
,-Parts Assembly
Lintels
r Cerramiento piezas
Hinges
Bisag
Crosspiece
Peinazo
Panel door
Plank Door
Puerta entablerada
Puerta de Tablones
27
Thresholds and Window Sills
Sardineles y Repisones
Window
.
Ventana
Thresholds
r I
28
Doors
Puertas
reinforced ccncrefe
concrete armado
mesh reinforcement
\ rcfoerzo dc varilla
wood beam
cement form
moldc de madera
wood
madera
f
door ;cening
ran0
iron channel
iron
hierro
Los Pisos Concrete
Cimiento
Worker dumping cement mix over wire mesh
Operarios mezclando la revoltura de grava, arena,
cement0 v agua sobre el armado de bierro de
una loss r---l
Mixing Concrete
Mezclando el cimiento
aq\ Spreading the mix
Desparramando la
30
Stone Floors
Pisos de Piedra Laja
Worker tamping ground for cement layer Correcting the level of the pieces laid down
with a board
Operario apisonando el suelo para tender el firme
de cement0 Cement seal Rectificando con ma regla el nivrl de las piezas
Cnpa de Mortcro
Worker placing markers
Operario colocando las mwstras que sewkin de
guia para colocar las pkras del piso terminado
Flagstone Floor
Pisos de Piedra
31
Wood Floor
Pisos de Madera
banco de ladrillo
32
The Roof i
El Techo
Ciay Tile Roof
Techo con Tejas de Barro
teja
tabla
side wall
muro de apoyo
34
aluminum roofing
techado de aluminio-e
tabl6n de alero
I I I
I I I I
I I ,
clamp
tomillo de fijacidn a
tornillo para madera con cabeza poligona y movido
felt
con Have inglesa
Asbestos Roof
Techo de Asbestos
36
thatching board 12 x It? drilled with l/4 holes loose bundle of thatch grass
completed section bullo de zaca Ite
L
completed section i
secci6n acabada $
37
Thatched Roof
Techo de Zacate
Water Supply Systems
Agua Para Usos Domesticos ordinary well
POZOordinario
underground scurce
corriente suhterr6nea
water tank
well with centrifugal pump
POZO con bomba centrifuea dep6sito de agua
brick or concrete
- ladrillo o concrete
cemen
GUiO
sealed well
pozo ordicario
dug well
pozo perforado
concrete wall (15 cm)
pared de concrete (15 cm)
House Plumbing System
Instalacih y Drenaje
I
stack (10 cm diameter)
vent (diameter 5 cm) cbimenea (10 cm dizimetro;
tubo ventilador (5 cm diimetro)
a
'i
tank
supply
tinaco
abastecimiento
di.imetro t/2
$
unfiltered water
wood barrel agua sin liltrar
ban-i1 de madera
fine sand
arena Iina glass lined clay or cement pipe 15 cm diameter
with 2% slope
charcoal layer
t.ubo de barro vitrilicado o de cement0 de 15 cm
cixo de carbdn de madera sin polvo
de diPmetro y 2% pendiente
washed gravel
grava lxada
exit faucet for filtered water
Hare de salida de1 agua filtrada
40
I-
Plumbing
Kitchen
Cocina
prefabricated concrete
iavadero prefab&ado
sink
de cement0 _
desagiie lavadero
coladera
brick
to the
box with
caja de ladrillo
main
A al ramal principal
cement
sewer
lining
con aplanado dc wm?nto
pipe
floor level
nivel piso
K!!J double lead trap with meter
cespool doble de plomo con registro
f
simple lead trap with meter
cespool sencillo de p!omo con registro
a
faucet
Have de nariz
Bathroom
Baiio
Shower
Ducha
drain pipa -
desagiie
i.
floor level 4
nivel piso
42
SewerageDisposalSystems
Alcantarillado-Letrinas
. . ..de sepuco
absorption trenches
trincheras de asimilacih
43
Absorption Trench and Latertil
Trinchcra tie Asimilacitin y Lateral
-----
/ + -,
/ \ 4 to 6 \
/ \ Septic Tank Sewage Disposal Systems
Sislelna ck .+Ucantarillaclo con lanque Septic0
roof terminal
rainwater pipe
branch bajada aguas pluviales
secondary branch
secunda
ramal secundario
t4 to main sewer
al colector
connectiqn
Ll
to main sewer
al colector
removable cap
tapa removihle
cement0
seconda
45
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1
Outhouses or Latrines
AlcantarUadcAetrinas
Connect only 120 volt Connect ,nly 240 Lolt devices to these wires
devices to these wires
4
conexidn a estos alambres Conectar solamente utensilios a 340 wltios a estos
solamente para 120 voltios alambres
black wire
alambre repro
47
.,>..,,.
Switch Box
Toma de Corriente
fuse
tap611 fusible
two-fuse circuitbreaker
interruptor de narajas con fusibles, dos polos
attaching the wires to the insulators
for inside installation amarre de cord6n en aisladores
a la instaladdn interior
YFigures shown indicate the number
and types of wires used
in this example:
2 x 12 + 2 x 18 means that two
# 12 wires and 2 #18 wires were
used.
ekmical wiring
Las cifras anotadas sobre cada t.rarn~
tuber% conduit de tubo iddican el niamero y calibre
de 10salambres que van en ese tramo
(ejemplo: 2 X 12 + 2 X 18
significa que se pondrAn 2 alambres
de1 12 y 2 alambres de1 18.)
.
grouting
.
grounding
coductor
black
negro
white
blanco switch box
reu
caja para el interruptor ,-,
rojo
receptacle
recipiente
terminal lug green screw
estacidn terminal tornillo Verde
white
blanco
red
rojo
50
fr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : ,975 0-S93-920