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INTRODUCTION
e-79
Static loading test or a restrike with dynamic measurements
performed at a certain time after the initial driving are the mast
reliable methods to evaluate the long term capacity.
Comparative measurements between the different methods suggest
that penetration during restriking, used in formulas or on
drivability-curves gives erroneous capacities. On the other hand,
stress wave measurements performed on some of the first blows in a
restrike, seems to agree well with results of static loading
tests. In this connection results of static loading test are
considered to reveal the true capacity, although the failure
criterion may vary with the practice in the different countKies.
During the initial driving of a pile, soil and water around the
pile toe are displaced, and the pore water pressure and internal
bands in the soil are disturbed near the pile. During restrike the
soil will be disturbed again, especially beneath the pile toe.
Around the pile shaft, the balance will also be disturbed, but not
nearly as much as during initial driving ( Tomlinson, 1977).
The main reasons for the setup effect are supposed to be:
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In order to investigate the time aepeuuen^ u^. u^^...;, -.^
piles, the stress wave measurement combined with CAPWAP-analysis
is a very useful tool, as it will be shown in the case histories
reported below.
CASE_HISTORY_l
BB1
RENSNINGSANLflSG "VEST ALBORG DENIVIARK
9/1 O DAY 52 DAYS 114 DAYS 184 DAYS
Fill
Sand
Sand
Clay
Chalk
Sand
E>ILE 6 O DAY l DAY 8 DAYS 48 DAYS
B20.14
100 kN 100 kN 100 kN ,100 kN
Fill
I1T
Sand
Clay
EM
On the other hand, the settlement was smller on piles, that were
restriked more than once. The reason can be that those piles may
be subject to residual stresses.
S82
uyve-L^p-m^iK- ^^- s-^...- _^^-^__
Table l. Af ter l day, the bearing capacities seem to increaHe
linearly in a logarithmic time scale, see Fig. 4.
CASE_HISTORY 2
PILE TYPE Steel pipe <&762/12.7mm + 4x1/2 PSpOOL
AREA. 299,689cm-
LENGTH 33.7 m
In connection with a
pile project with STATIC LOADING TEST After 7 dagc
ULTIMATE LOAD 5060 kN (After Dlti]
steel pipe piles in ULTIMATE LOAD 4850 KN (After DAVISSON)
Hamburg harbour, Ger-
REDRIVING After 30 days
many, both static and DRIVING REDRIVING
dynamic measurement HAMMER TtVf. MRB 600 DEL D46-02
DRP WEIGHT 67 kN 46 kN
were performed. DRP HEIGKT 1.25 m 1.90 m
MOVEMENT/BLOW 1.0 mm 0.8 mm
CAPWAP CATACITY 3630 kti Sno ?
Pile data and results
from CAPWAP-analysis
based on initial Table 2: Pile data and results from
driving and redriving static and dynamic loading tests and
are shown in Fig. 3. CAPWAP-analysis from Siidkai, Hamburg
Germany
50C
KN
scoc
083
It is noticed , that apparently no setup has occurred along the
mid-length of the pile shaft and at the pile toe, see Fig. 5.
PIPE-pile
si76;/12^nw-4xl/2PSp600L
Sand-fine-roediujn
Sand-fi?diuro-coarsa,Qravl-ine
Sand-corsa, Graval-fine
Sand-coarse-mediura,
Gravel-fine
o
r ^ Sand-medium-fin
Sand-medium-fine
SAnd-coarse,
Gravel-medium-fine
Ta E-asistance
The soil profile shows that coarse sand are found in those layers.
The small setup effect can be explained by the fet, that excess
pore water pressure in this layer dissipat almost immediately,
whereas considerable setup will be found in layers of fine sand.
The dynarnic test agreed well with the results of a static loading
test evaluated according to the DIN criterion, see Table 2.
CASE Hl STORY 3
Other piles close to the tested pile were driven and restriked at
different times in order to study the problem further. The data
are shown in Table 3 and Fig. 4.
SB4
PILE TCPE PREFAB. CONCRETE PILES 30X30cm2
AREA 900 cn2
LENGTH 11 m
KAMMER TYP E BAHUT
DRP WEIGHT 50 kN
250 300
239 510
230 640
PB2 B80
PB2 1220
PB2 1710
CASE Hl STORY 4.
72A 21 1150
72 21 1.880
2 23 2310
18 21 2380
19 21 25.10
D2 21 ; 4-3 O
02 21 2.550
DISCUSSION
ees
Calculations of bearing capacities based on measurements from
initial driving or redriving performed at
unreliable.
The points for the different soil types are located along 3 lines
expressed by the formula
The values of ty and "A" shown in Fig. 9 are valid for the present
case histories, but may be used in other cases with caution.
^
No. Type A Symbol
[days]
1 Sand 0.5 0.2 +
Loading Test o
Q.t
-^ -1 -- Alog,o
'o 'o
BB6
From the investigations described, the following can be concluded:
SUMMARY
087
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would then like to thank Geodan, Aalborg, and the
Municipality of Aalborg for their interest in the project and
helpful assistance during the measurements.
REFERENCES
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