Collaborative Learning 2

Title : Risk Assessments of Air Pollution

Name : Farhandi Fadillah Fedrizal

NPM : 1506788894

Major : Chemical Engineering

Group : FG-04
Concept Map
Summary

Risk assessment is a tool used for risk management. Risk assessment for toxic air
pollutant combines results of studies on health effects of various animal and human
exposures to the pollutant. Although the estimation provided may not be perfect, they do help
in setting regulatory standards to reduce risks.

The step of risk assessment process

1. Hazard Identification
Pollutants source: Industrial Compound, etc.
Health problems that the pollutants may causes such as cancer, bronchitis,
asthma, birth defects. Nervous system problems, etc.
Study needed to be conducted to get evidence that the pollutants do cause
harm to its inhaler. The study can be conducted by:
o Human studies: observation on surroundings and case reports
o Lab studies: Animal experiments
2. Exposure Management
Focuses in estimating the total pollutants an individual inhaled in a certain
period of time and the number of people that is exposed to the pollutants.
Estimation is done by creating a mathematical model, by taking into account
the estimation data of breathing rates, average lifespan, and pollutant in the air
estimations.
3. Dose-Response Assessment
The pollutants dynamic in our body. Where it would discuss about how it
enters the body, and how does it moves and transported inside our body.
It can affect our bodily function by killing our cells, impairing its functions,
and redirecting cell activity.
Discuss and try to connect the relation between the amount of exposure a
person takes and how their body responded.
4. Risk Characterization
Risk distribution Many people may be exposed to less than the maximum
level. Depending on the amount of exposure there is also a variety on the level
of risks.
Cancer risks The individual risk distribution are used to know the population
risk. The population cancer risk is commonly expressed as the expected
increased incidence of cancer.
Non-cancer risks Health reference levels refers to exposure level that will
not cause significant risks of non-cancer health effects.
Estimation uncertainty By their nature risks estimates cannot be completely
accurate. The main problem is that the researchers dont have enough
information on how toxic air pollutants harm human and its exposure. When
information is uncertain, analysts would make an assumption that tend to
prevent them from under estimation the potential risks.
References:

1. Universitas Indonesia. 2017. Bab 8: Kesehatan Lingkungan, Polusi, dan Toksikologi.

Available at: https://scele.ui.ac.id/berkas_kolaborasi/konten/mpktb/1718gsl/090.pdf
2. EPA. 1991. Risk Assessment for Toxic Air Pollutants: A Citizen Guide. Available at:
https://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/3_90_024.html
3. Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemenrintah. 2017. Penilaian Risiko. Available at:
http://bawas.mahkamahagung.go.id/portal/rb/spip/sosialiasi/PENILAIAN_RESIKO.p
df

Accessed on September 30th 2017.