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1) A large artery in a persons body can be approximated by a tube of diameter 9 mm and length 0.35 m. Also
assume that blood has a viscosity of approximately 4 x 10 -3 Ns/m2, a specific gravity of 1.0, and that the
pressure at the beginning of the artery is equivalent to 120 mm Hg. If the flow were steady (it is not) with V =
0.2 m/s, determine the pressure at the end of the artery if it is oriented (a) vertically up (flow up) or (b)
horizontal.
(a) Vertical
(b) Horizontal
Q = VA = 1.81 (0.2510-3)2 = 8.910-8 m3/s
4
Check if laminar flow
VD = 9601.81 0.25103
Re =
9.2104
= 473 < 2000, laminar flow
3) As shown in the given figure, the velocity profile for laminar flow in a pipe is quite different from that for
turbulent flow. With laminar flow the velocity profile is parabolic; with turbulent flow at Re = 10,000 the velocity
profile can be approximated by the power-law profile shown. (a) For laminar flow, determine at what radial
location you would place a Pitot tube if it is to measure the average velocity in the pipe. (b) Repeat part (a) for
turbulent flow with Re = 10,000.
R
2
r
(a) For laminar flow: R2Vave = 2Vc 1 rdr
0
R
r 2 = 0.5 r = 0.707R
Solution
Gauze
V
Water
8 mm
2 78.48
K= = 56.7
1.231.52
(1)
6) The pressure at section (2) shown in the given Figure is not to
fall below 60 psi when the flowrate from the tank varies from 0 to 10 ft All pipe is 6-in diameter
smooth plastic with
1.0 cfs and the branch line is shut off. Determine the minimum flanged fittings
height, h, of the water tank under the assumption that (a) minor
losses are negligible, (b) minor losses are not negligible with h
Kentrance = 0.5, Kelbow = 0.7, and Ktee = 0.4. Water viscosity =
1.2110-5 ft2/s. Branch line
6 ft (2)
Main
a) Neglect minor losses 600 ft line
with 15 900 ft
o
90 elbows
h = 141.79 + 0.0126h h = 143.6 ft
2
LV V2
b) Include minor losses: ef = 4f + K
D 2 2
h = 143.88 + 0.0126h h = 145.7 ft
Solution
Solution
P1 = L + (0.2L)/(0.22) = L + 1.59L
P1 V12 P2 V22
g 2g g
+ z1 + = + z2 + + hL
2g
P2 = 0, z1 = 0, z2 = L, , V1 = V2 = V
L V 2
P1 = L + f = L + 1.59L
D 2
Therefore f
V 2 = 1.59
2D
2D(1.59) 2(0.4)(1.59)
V= = = 5.73 ft/s
f (1.94)(0.02)
8.100) The flowrate between tank A and tank B shown in the Figure is to be increased by 35% (i.e., from Q to
1.35Q) by the addition of a second pipe (indicated by the dotted lines) running from node C to tank B. If the
elevation of the free surface in tank A is 30 ft above that in tank B, determine the diameter, D, of this new
pipe. Neglect minor losses and assume that the friction factor for each pipe is 0.02.
Solution