Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Measures of Variation:
Range: The difference between the maximum and minimum data entries in the set. Range = (Max. data entry) (Min. data entry)
The standard deviation measure variability and consistency of the sample or population. In most real-world applications, consistency is a great
advantage. In statistical data analysis, less variation is often better.
( x ) 2 ( x x ) 2
Population Standard Deviation= = Sample Standard Deviation = s=
N n 1
Example: Find Population Mean and Sample Standard Deviation for the following data set: 5, 10, 15, 20
x 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 50
=
x = = = 12.5
n 4 4
Data
)
(
5 5 (12.5) = 7.5 (. ) = .
10 10 (12.5) = 2.5 (. ) = .
15 15 (12.5) = 2.5 (. ) = .
20 20 (12.5) = 7.5 (. ) = .
( ) = 125.01
( x x ) 2 125.01
=s = 6.455
n 1 4 1
2
= P=
10th Percentile 10 5
th
To find the 50 percentile, we use the formula
p 50
=i th = n = 12 6
100 100
We need to find the 6th and 7th numbers in the sorted data set.
Since the answer is an integer, we need to find the 6th and 7th number in the data set.
Position 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
Data 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 12 14 15 18 20
10 + 12
= P=
50th Percentile 50 = 11
2
Box-and-whisker plot: Requires (five-number summary):
Minimum entry
First quartile= Q1 = P25
Median= Q2 = P50
Third quartile = Q3 = P25
Maximum entry