TEXT REPORT BAHASA INGGRIS

GEMPA BUMI
1. Binti Nur Fatmawati
2. Ajeng Pusparini
3. Al-Amin
4. Diko Angga Wiranto

EARTHQUAKES

An earthquake (also called a shake, tremor or temblor) is the aftereffect of a sudden arrival of
vitality in the Earths hull that makes seismic waves. The seismicity or seismic action of a
range alludes to the recurrence, sort and size of quakes experienced over a time of time.

Earthquakes are measured utilizing perceptions from seismometers. The minute size is the
most widely recognized scale on which earthquakes bigger than more or less 5 are accounted
for the whole globe. The a greater number of various seismic tremors littler than size 5
reported by national seismological observatories are measured for the most part on the nearby
extent scale, additionally alluded to as the Richter scale. These two scales are numerically
comparative over their scope of legitimacy. Extent 3 or lower tremors are basically practically
impalpable or powerless and size 7 and over possibly cause genuine harm over bigger ranges,
contingent upon their profundity. The biggest tremors in notable times have been of greatness
marginally more than 9, albeit there is no restriction to the conceivable extent. The latest
substantial tremor of extent 9.0 or bigger was a 9.0 greatness quake in Japan in 2011 and it
was the biggest Japanese tremor since records started. Force of shaking is measured on the
changed Mercalli scale. The shallower a seismic tremor, the more harm to structures it causes,
all else being equivalent.

At the Earths surface, tremors show themselves by shaking and infrequently uprooting of the
ground. At the point when the epicenter of an extensive seismic tremor is found seaward, the
seabed may be uprooted sufficiently to bring about a torrent. Earthquakes can likewise trigger
avalanches, and sporadically volcanic movement.

In its most general sense, the word tremor is utilized to depict any seismic occasion
whether characteristic or brought on by people that creates seismic waves. Seismic tremors
are created generally by burst of geographical deficiencies, additionally by different
occasions, for example, volcanic action, avalanches, mine impacts, and atomic tests. A
quakes purpose of beginning break is called its center or hypocenter. The epicenter is the
point at ground level specifically over the hypocenter

One of the most dangerous disasters for human being is earthquake. We all know that it has
been noticed that powerful earthquake could destroy and sweep the entire thing on the surface
only in one time quickly. Earthquake is the vibrations on the surface of earth, which is the
result of a sudden release of energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic effect. The seismic
movement of a region mentions to the regularity, category and range of earthquakes noticed
over a period of time.

At the Earths face, earthquakes noticeable themselves by shaking and sometimes change of
the ground. It is very dangerous when the effects are not only destruction by the earthquake
itself but also the generated disaster. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located
offshore, the tsunami might be happened. Earthquakes can also produce landslides, and
irregularly volcanic movement. For the example, tsunami in Aceh was firstly led by
earthquake where people did not have any experienced before and finally the huge wave
traveled along the shore destroying everything.
Commonly, the word earthquake is used to express any seismic event whether natural or
caused by humans that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by break
of geological thing, but also by other events such as mountain eruption activity, displacement
of land, explosion and etc. Hypo center is an earthquakes spot of first crack is called its core
whereas epicenter is precisely located above it. The example from natural causes are tectonic
and volcanic earthquake. The earthquake that comes from the displacement or movement of
continental plate usually called tectonic earthquake. Fault commonly noticed in three primary
forms where those forms have possibility which may create earthquake: normal, reverse
(thrust) and strike-slip. Briefly, volcanic earthquake comes from the activity of an active
mountain. We can see that there will be many earthquake created when an eruption of volcanic
mountain happens. However, an earthquake could be possibly created from human activities
like the explosion in the mining, nuclear trial, and bomb where the vibrations spread and
affect the other things.

An Earthquake usually measured by Richter scale. The Richter scale assigns a level number
to calculate the energy released by an earthquake that the scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale
The Richter scale was defined in 1935 for particular circumstances and instruments; the
particular circumstances refer to it being defined for Southern California. The Richter scales
measures the energy released by an earthquake. As calculated with a seismograph, an
earthquake noticed 5.0 in the Richter scale has trembling amplitude 10 times that of an
earthquake that registered 4.0.

Earthquake early warning systems use earthquake discipline and the equipment of monitoring
systems to alert plans and people when shaking waves generated by an earthquake are
probable to arrive at their location. ShakeAlert, CISN, and ANSS are the example system.
Nowadays, every Government tries to make a good system for evacuation when earthquake
happens. Usually, for the area which is the earthquake is often appeared there are many
alternatives way or path for people to save their life