SDD Notes

Binary

Relating to, using, or denoting a system of numerical notation that has 2 rather than 10 as a base.

Converting binary

Binary can be converted using base 2 ones and zeros starting with 2^0.
1s are used to denote the places of which the 2^indice is taken account for e.g 0101 which is used to display 1 + 4 = 5
Therefore no.s can be converted into binary for e.g 23- 10111

Twos complement

Method of subtracting binary no.s

Requires flipping the digits of the negative no. and adding 1 then take this value and add it
Makes the process easier as it only involves addition

One complement

Flip everything

No one works in binary

Hexadecimal

base 16- 0123456789ABCDEF

11010101
Must be broken into 4|4 therefore 1101 | 0101 D4

ASCII

Numerical representation of a character

Encryption for A and a
65 and 97 with 32 place gap between upper case and lower alphabet

Freeware v Shareware

Shareware is software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be
requested for continued use due to a limited period (free trials)

Freeware is software available with no charge, it is up for anyone though it is stillk under the owners copyrights, and is
opensource where the derivative works should be opersouce aswell.

The properties of freeware are:

Must release full source code

Release on full noncommercial premises
Others can use under the provision of the name of owner providing recognition
Must be provided for free after use

Fundamental Parts of a computer

Data, Processes, Hardware/Software and People

Operating system allocates system resources to programs to form processes

System resources include:

Memory, CPU Cycles, Drives, File System, Hardware, Internet, UI to start programs
The 5 software development approaches:

1) RAD: Highly quality products using pieces of coding from different sources
2) Structured: A more classical approach based on the waterfall model where there is a sequence of steps often used by
government mass projects
3) Agile: Describes a set of values and principles for software development under which requirements and solutions
evolve through the collaborative effort of self-organizing cross-functional teams.
4) Prototype: A build is created of which is minimally tested and released for feedback from the community.
5) End User: The person who needs the software makes it for themselves.

STUB: a place holder that simulate the behaviors of modules and confirms to run the right program

Global and Local Variable: When data is shared between all subroutinnes

Desk Checking:

Assess a codes functionality:

Stick in delay code

Set a flag (Boolean)
Set a write
Desk Check
Interpreter with break point

-Specific Code is not desirable

-Generic Code is desirable

FEC- Fetch Execute Cycle:

Decode Phase- Determine length of operations

Project Management Tools: Over Cost etc. Project Planning- Gantt Chart, Change Expectations

Ethics: Ethical, Cultural, Privacy, Genders

Creative Commons Licenses: A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free
distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work.

Attribution- Creditation to the og mofo

Non commercial: For nonprofit use
No derivative works: only distribute under a verbatim of the original product (no changes to work)
Share-Alike: Redistribute under same conditions

Global Variable: When the data is shared between all the sub routines

Fonts:

Serif with dashes on each letter

Sanserif- Normal
Readability, Color Management, Layout, should have a method

5 Developmental Stages:

Define and Understand

Plan
Implement
Test
Maintain
Control Structures

IF- Binary Selection

ELSE

For, WHILE- Pretest

REPEAT UNTIL, Do While Post test

MULTIWAY SELECTION- Different Boolean options leading to one another if a case statement is declined or accepted

Types of errors:

Syntactical: Grammatical errors

Logic: A bug within the program causing it to missfunction.

Runtime: program error that occurs while the program is running. Often due to the program being in an infinite loop.

Data Types: Integer, String, Char, Float, Record

Float: Sign, Exponent, Significand

Compiling: Creates an executable to run the code

Interpreter: Reads one line at a time and provides output and input

Structure charts

Lexical: Breaks sequence of tokens to determine word

Sequence of chars to Lexical to Sequence of tokens to Syntactical to Parse tree to translation from object code to link to
Executable

EBNF

IDE: Integrated Development Environment- Set Break Points, Can be used to debug code, Print Values, Booleans

Rail Road Diagrams