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Solid Mechanics
Lab Report
EXPERIMENT (CODE G) :
Spring Test & Measurement of Bending Stress using Strain
Gauge.
Group 48 -
ME16b178
ME16b179
ME16B180
ME11B034
EXPERIMENT 1
Aim To calculate the stiffness constants of different springs and comparing the experimental values
with the theoretical values.
Theory
If the force applied on the spring is such that there occurs no permanent deformation in the spring, the
system actually regains its original shape. There exists a linear relationship between the force applied
and the deformation produced in the spring i.e.
=
Where
F = Force applied,
x = deformation,
In order to estimate the linear stiffness constant theoretically, we have the following
Where
Observation
Values -
g = 9.8 m/s2
Table -1
Spring Sample - 1
30
25
20
Load(N)
15
10
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Deflection(cm)
We observe that as load is increased, the deflection also increases and the deflection is non linear.
Spring Sample -2 (Linear helical spring under compression) :
Table -2
SPRING SAMPLE - 2
25
20
15
LOAD (N)
10
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
DEFLECTION (CM)
We observe that the extension is linear when the load is gradually increased. There is wide spacing
between the active coils of the spring.
Spring Sample 3 (linear helical spring under tension) :
Table - 3
SAMPLE SPRING - 3
25
20
15
LOAD (N)
10
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
DEFLECTION (CM)
We observe that the extension in the spring varies linearly with the load applied. We also see that the
active coils are closely spaced.
Theoretical estimate
Table - 4
Sample 1 r 0.153cm
n = 32
KL 13.61N/cm
R 1.932cm
r 0.14cm
Sample 2
n = 11
KL 6.9183N/cm
R 1.746cm
Sample 3 r 0.198cm
n = 27
KL 21.389N/cm
Calculations :
Inference :
The spring constant depends on the material, radius of the spring wire, mean helical radius of
the spring and the number of turns.
Experimentally, spring constant can be calculated from the slope of the load vs deflection curve.
On comparing the experimental and theoretical values, the difference arises due to the friction
between the spring and the points where it is in contact with the stationary part of the
apparatus.
Aim To measure the tensile bending stress at the root of the cantilever beam subjected to tip
transverse loading using a Strain Gauge.
Apparatus :
Strain Gauge , A Strain Gauge Indicator , Aluminium bar , a micrometer screw for loading , a bar holder.
Theory
A Strain Gauge is a device (typically foil) used to measure strain and when the object is deformed there
is a change in its electrical resistance. This change in resistance is related to strain produced in the
object.
Experimentally, the tensile bending stress can be calculated from the Hookes Law , which states stress
is proportional to strain and the proportionality constant is the youngs modulus of the material.
=
Analytically , tensile bending stress is calculated from Flexure Formula which is
Where,
Observations :
E (aluminium) = 69 GPa
Table -5
Calculations
Flexure Formula - = =
Lo = 25.5 cm y = 0.25 cm
L1 = 23.8 cm
b = 2.5 cm
h = 0.5 cm
Izz = bh3/12 = 260.41 (mm) 4 = 2.6041 10 -10m4.