Sei sulla pagina 1di 5

0LFKDHOYRQ$OEUHFKW


6REUHODXWLOLGDGGHODOHQJXD\ODOLWHUDWXUDODWLQDVSDUDODHGXFDFLyQGHOKRPEUH

 0LFKDHO YRQ $OEUHFKW 6WXWWJDUW   VLQ GXGD XQR GH ORV ILOyORJRV FOiVLFRV
PiV EULOODQWHV DXWRU GH REUDV WDQ LPSRUWDQWHV FRPR VX 0HLVWHU U|PLVFKHU 3URVD YRQ
&DWRELV$SXOHLXVVX*HVFKLFKWHGHUU|PLVFKHQ/LWHUDWXU WUDGXFLGDHQWUHQRVRWURVSRU
ORV SURIHVRUHV 'XOFH (VWHIDQtD \ $QGUpV 3RFLxD  R VXV HVWXGLRV VREUH 6LOLR ,WiOLFR
2YLGLRR&LFHUyQHVWDPELpQXQRGHORVPiVDFWLYRVGHIHQVRUHVGHOPpWRGRGLUHFWRSDUD
ODHQVHxDQ]DGHOODWtQ7UDVSDUWLFLSDUHQODV,,,-RUQDGDVGH&XOWXUD&OiVLFDFHOHEUDGDV
HQWUH ORV GtDV  D  GH DEULO HQ 3ULHJR GH &yUGRED \ SDVDU SRU &iGL] YLVLWy
UHFLHQWHPHQWH0iODJDHQHOPDUFRGHODV,9-RUQDGDVGH)LORORJtD&OiVLFDRUJDQL]DGDV
SRUOD6HFFLyQ0DODJXHxDGHOD6((&

 3URIHVRU 9RQ
$OEUHFKW VRVSHFKDPRV
TXH SRFRV GH QXHVWURV
OHFWRUHV VDEHQ TXH 9G
QR VyOR HV KLMR GHO
FRPSRVLWRU *HRUJ YRQ
$OEUHFKW VLQR TXH DQWHV
GH HVWXGLDU )LORORJtD
&OiVLFD 9G PLVPR
UHDOL]y HVWXGLRV
PXVLFDOHV HQ VX
ORFDOLGDG QDWDO GH
6WXWWJDUW 4Xp KD VLGR
GH HVD SULPHUD
YRFDFLyQ"

5HVSHFWR D PLV HVWXGLRV
PXVLFDOHV FXUVp RFKR
VHPHVWUHV GH P~VLFD HQ
6WXWWJDUW GRQGH HVWXGLp
HQWUH RWUDV FRVDV YLROtQ FRPSRVLFLyQ \ GLUHFFLyQ (O H[DPHQ TXH WXYH TXH SDVDU VH
FRPSRQtDGHGLHFLVpLVPDWHULDV'HHVRVHVWXGLRVHOYLROtQVREUHWRGRPHKDVHUYLGR
SDUD FRQFHQWUDUPH SXHV HV XQ LQVWUXPHQWR PX\ H[LJHQWH TXH QHFHVLWD PXFKD
FRQFHQWUDFLyQSDUDVDFDUOHODPD\RUSXUH]DGHHQWRQDFLyQ

 6DEHPRV TXH OD ILJXUD GH VX SDGUH QR VyOR LQIOX\y HQ VX SULPHUD YRFDFLyQ
PXVLFDO VLQR TXH WDPELpQ OH JXLy HQ VXV SULPHURV HVWXGLRV GH OD OHQJXD ODWLQD
4XpSXHGHGHFLUQRVDHVWHUHVSHFWR"

(Q SULPHU OXJDU TXLHUR LQGLFDU TXH HQ $OHPDQLD SDUD VHU SURIHVRU KDEtD TXH HQVHxDU
GRVPDWHULDV3DUDPtODSULPHUDIXHOD0~VLFDFODURHVWiSHURODVHJXQGDIXHHO/DWtQ
\ HQ DPEDV OD LQIOXHQFLD GH PL SDGUH IXH GHFLVLYD eO DQWHV GH KDFHUVH P~VLFR KL]R
ILORVRItDHQ6DQ3HWHUVEXUJRQXHVWUDIDPLOLDSURFHGHGHDOHPDQHVLQVWDODGRVHQ5XVLD
HQ HO VLJOR ;9,,, \ HVWXGLy &XOWXUD *ULHJD FRQ 7DGHXV] =LHOLQVNL XQ ODWLQLVWD TXH
HVFULELy &LFHUR LP :DQGHO GHU -DKUKXQGHUWH XQ KHUPRVR OLEUR VREUH OD LQIOXHQFLD GH
&LFHUyQ HQWRGRV ORV VLJORV \ RWUR VREUH ODUHOLJLyQJULHJD<RKLFHHOEDFKLOOHUDWRHQ

 
6WXWWJDUWHQXQOLFHRFOiVLFR<HQHVHPRPHQWRPLSDGUHPHLQVLVWLyPXFKRSDUDTXH
DSUHQGLHUD ODWtQ $GHPiV GH HVWH OLFHR WHQJR XQ EXHQ UHFXHUGR SXHV HQ pO WHQtD
SURIHVRUHVPX\EXHQRV\DOJXQRVGHHOORVKDEODEDQHQODWtQ

8QDYH]TXHLQLFLyVXVHVWXGLRVGH)LORORJtD&OiVLFDTXHGHVDUUROOyHQ7XELQJD\
3DUtVFXiOHVGHVXVPDHVWURVHMHUFLHURQXQDLQIOXHQFLDPiVGHWHUPLQDQWHHQ9G"

(Q7XELQJD(UQVW=LQQeVWHGXUDQWHHOSULPHUWULPHVWUHGHODxRVROtDGHVWLQDUHOGLHV
DFDGHPLFXVTXHFDtDHQPLpUFROHVDOHHUHQS~EOLFRGXUDQWHYDULDVKRUDVWH[WRVFOiVLFRV
HQ ODWtQ FRPR OD (QHLGD GH 9LUJLOLR R HO %HOOXP *DOOLFXP GH &pVDU /RV DOXPQRV
SUHSDUiEDPRV HQ FDVD HO OLEUR R HO WH[WR TXH HO SURIHVRU =LQQ LED D OHHU HO PLpUFROHV
VLJXLHQWH'HHVWHSURIHVRUUHFXHUGRTXHUHFLWDEDPX\ELHQ
7DPELpQ PH DFXHUGR GH +LOGHEUHFKW +RPPHO XQ YLHMR SURIHVRU TXH LQVWDXUy HQ VXV
FODVHVORV&ROORTXLD/DWLQD\ORKL]RDSHWLFLyQGHORVDOXPQRV/XHJRFXDQGRHQVHxp
HQ7XELQJD\+HLGHOEHUJFRQWLQXpFRQHVWDWUDGLFLyQ$OSULQFLSLRGHFDGDFODVHUHSHWtD
HQODWtQORGLFKRHQODFODVHDQWHULRU\VLDOJ~QGtDQRORKDFtDORVDOXPQRVSURWHVWDEDQ
(OORVTXHUtDQRtUHOODWtQ<GHHVWRVDOXPQRVKDQVDOLGRGHVSXpVJUDQGHVSURIHVRUHVH
LQYHVWLJDGRUHV FRPR :LOIULHG 6WURK FDWHGUiWLFR GH 0XQLFK TXH IXH PL DVLVWHQWH
GXUDQWHPXFKRWLHPSRHKL]RVXVWUDEDMRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQEDMRPLGLUHFFLyQ\0LOHQD
0LQNRYDTXHDKRUDHVWiHQ/H[LQJWRQ.HQWXFN\\WDPELpQ5XWJDULXV1LHKOPLHPEUR
GHOD$FDGHPLD/DWLQLWDWL)RYHQGDH

 &RPR SURIHVRU HQ TXp PRPHQWR \ SRUTXp GHFLGLy DEDQGRQDU OD PHWRGRORJtD
JUDPDWLFDOWUDGLFLRQDOSRUHOPpWRGRGLUHFWRFRPREDVHGHODHQVHxDQ]DGHOODWtQ"

(Q$OHPDQLDWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHVHSUDFWLFDEDVREUHWRGRHOPpWRGRJUDPDWLFDOGHQWUR
GHO FXDO XQD GH VXV DFWLYLGDGHV IXQGDPHQWDOHV HUD OD WUDGXFFLyQ LQYHUVD DOHPiQODWtQ
(VWHWLSRGHWUDGXFFLyQ\RVLHPSUHODKHFRQVLGHUDGRVXPDPHQWH~WLO3HURHQPLFDVR
GHVGHVLHPSUHFUHtTXHHUDQHFHVDULDODSDUWHSUiFWLFDHOHMHUFLFLRSUiFWLFRGHKDEODUOD
OHQJXDODWLQDTXHHQ$OHPDQLDQRVHSUDFWLFDED3XHVFRQVLGHURTXHKDEODUODWtQHVXQ
EXHQHMHUFLFLRSDUDHQWHQGHU\OHHUPHMRUORVWH[WRVFOiVLFRV

 'HQWUR GH VX FXUULFXOXP KD\ TXH GHVWDFDU VX SDUWLFLSDFLyQ HQ OD $FDGHPLD
/DWLQLWDWL )RYHQGDHTXHGLULJHRWURGHORVGHIHQVRUHVGHODPHWRGRORJtDLQGXFWLYD
SDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODVOHQJXDVFOiVLFDV7XRPR3HNNDQHQ4XpQRVSRGUtDGHFLU
VREUHORVILQHV\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHHVWD$FDGHPLD"

(OILQSULQFLSDOHUDUHXQLUQRVSDUDKDEODUODWtQDGHPiVGHSURPRYHUORVPpWRGRVDFWLYRV
GHHQVHxDQ]DGHODOHQJXDODWLQD$OSULQFLSLRSDUWLFLSDURQHQHOODPXFKRVSURIHVRUHVGH
JUDQ LPSRUWDQFLD FRPR 3LHUUH *ULPDO %RU]ViN 9LFWRU 3|VFKO 5REHUW 6FKLOOLQJ \
%RKXPLOD0RXFKRYi
(QWUH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV GH OD $FDGHPLD FX\D GLUHFFLyQ HQ ,QWHUQHW HV
KWWSZZZDFDGHPLDODWLQDRUJ! VH RUJDQL]DQ LPSRUWDQWHV FRQJUHVRV PXQGLDOHV FDGD
GRVDxRVLQFOXVRHQSDtVHVGRQGHDSULRULQRVHVXSRQGUtDTXHODWUDGLFLyQFOiVLFD\HO
HVWXGLRGHOODWtQSXGLHUDQHVWDUWDQDUUDLJDGRVFRPRHQ6HQHJDO$TXtHOTXHIXHUDVX
SUHVLGHQWH /pRSROG 6pGDU 6HQJKRU QR VyOR HVFULEtD XQ HOHJDQWH IUDQFpV VLQR TXH
WDPELpQKDEODEDHQODWtQ(O~OWLPRGHHVWRVFRQJUHVRVVHKL]RHQ(VSDxDHQ$PSRVWD\
$OFDxL]GXUDQWHORVGtDVDGHMXOLRGH\WUDWDEDVREUHODHQVHxDQ]DGHOODWtQ
FRPROHQJXDYLYDGHVGHHOVLJOR;9KDVWDODDFWXDOLGDG

 
7DPELpQ VH RUJDQL]DQ FXUVRV GH ODWtQ DFWLYR 8QR GH HOORV VH KL]R HQ 0DGULG HQ OD
8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DQ3DEOR\HQOD*UDQMDGH6DQ,OGHIRQVRORVGtDVDGHMXOLRGH
 $TXt \R GL XQ FXUVR VREUH ODV 0HWDPRUIRVLV GH 2YLGLR GRQGH FDGD GtD OHtD XQ
PLWRHQODWtQ$OILQDOORVDOXPQRVHODERUDURQ\UHSUHVHQWDURQHQODWtQXQDWUDJLFRPHGLD
VREUH ORV PLWRV RYLGLDQRV 7RGR TXHGy PX\ELHQ \ IXH PX\ GLYHUWLGR(QPLUHFLHQWH
YLVLWDD3ULHJRKHSRGLGRHQFRQWUDUPHFRQDOJXQRVGHDTXHOORVDOXPQRV





















 7DQWR HQ ODV -RUQDGDV GH 3ULHJR FRPR HQ VX YLVLWD D &iGL] \ D 0iODJD KD
WUDWDGR GH GHPRVWUDUOD XWLOLWDV OLQJXDH HW OLWWHUDUXP ODWLQDUXP SDUD OD IRUPDFLyQ
GHOKRPEUH%UHYHPHQWHFXiOHVVHUtDQODVFODYHVGHHVDXWLOLGDG"

<R GLVWLQJXLUtD HQWUH DVSHFWRV IRUPDOHV \ PDWHULDOHV (Q ORV DVSHFWRV IRUPDOHV HO
HVWXGLRGHOODWtQHQFRQFUHWRGHODJUDPiWLFDD\XGDDGLIHUHQFLDUHQWUHORTXHVp\OR
TXHQRVp<HVWRHVHOIXQGDPHQWRGHXQDHGXFDFLyQFLHQWtILFD3RUHVWHDVSHFWRIRUPDO
HOODWtQVHSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUODOODYHGHWRGDVODVFLHQFLDV
(QFXDQGRDORVDVSHFWRVPDWHULDOHV\RDGPLURORVPpWRGRVGH9DUUyQTXHpOH[SRQH
HQVX'HOLQJXDODWLQD\&RPHQLXVHQVX2UELVSLFWXV WDOYH]HOSULPHUOLEURLOXVWUDGR
SDUD QLxRV \ TXH HPSOHDED SDUD HO DSUHQGL]DMH GHO ODWtQ  9DUUyQ GHVFULEH OD OHQJXD
SDUWLHQGRGHO&DHOXP\OD7HUUDGHWHQLpQGRVHOXHJRHQVHxDODUFDGDXQDGHODVFRVDV
TXHKD\HQHOORV(VXQEXHQPpWRGRSRUTXHHODOXPQRDSUHQGHODSDODEUDHQUHODFLyQD
ODFRVDDOREMHWRTXHHVDSDODEUDGHVLJQD3RUTXHDSUHQGHUODVSDODEUDVVLQORVREMHWRV
VLQXQFRQWH[WRQRHVQDWXUDO\QRD\XGDDFRPSUHQGHUODUHDOLGDGFRQODUD]yQ1RVH
GHEHDSUHQGHUVyORODDEVWUDFFLyQFRPRHQODV0DWHPiWLFDVVLQRTXHGHEHPRVSHQHWUDU
OD UHDOLGDG FRQ OD UD]yQ QR VyOR DEVWUDHUOD $O QR FXPSOLU HVWH SULQFLSLR HOHPHQWDO
KHPRVKHFKRGHOODWtQDOJRDMHQRDODUHDOLGDGVLPSOHREMHWRGHHVWXGLR

&RPR9GPLVPRKDSRGLGRFRPSUREDUHVWRVGtDVHQ3ULHJR&iGL]R0iODJDHV
PX\ JUDQGH HO LQWHUpV TXH GHVSLHUWDQ HQWUH ORV SURIHVRUHV PpWRGRV FRPR HO GH
UEHUJSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHOODWtQ3UHFLVDPHQWHSHQVDQGRHQHVRVGRFHQWHVTXH

 
HVWiQ GLVSXHVWRV D DIURQWDU OD QHFHVDULD UHQRYDWLR GLGiFWLFD FRQ XQ PpWRGR FRPR
pVWHTXpUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVPHWRGROyJLFDVOHVKDUtD

(OPpWRGRUEHUJPHSDUHFHXQDEXHQDPDQHUDGHDIURQWDUHOHVWXGLRGHOODWtQDFWLYRGH
KDELWXDU D ORV DOXPQRV D OHHU \ H[SUHVDUVH HQ ODWtQ SDUD FRPSUHQGHU OXHJR PHMRU ORV
WH[WRVOLWHUDULRVGHORVFOiVLFRV'HODVGRVSDUWHVGHTXHVHFRPSRQH)DPLOLD5RPDQD\
5RPD$HWHUQDODSULPHUDTXHFRQWLHQHODVUHJODVJUDPDWLFDOHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVMXQWRD
XQ YRFDEXODULR ODWLQR GH DO PHQRV  SDODEUDV HV PX\ ~WLO \ HQ HOOR FRLQFLGR FRQ
PXFKRV SURIHVRUHV GH PXFKRV SDtVHV GLVWLQWRV TXH PH GLFHQ TXH IXQFLRQD PX\ ELHQ
5HVSHFWRDODVHJXQGDSDUWHTXHFRPLHQ]DFRQXQDGHVFULSFLyQGH5RPD\HQHOODVH
DGDSWDQWH[WRVGH7LWR/LYLRHQWUHRWURVSURVLVWDVKHRtGRRSLQLRQHVGLVSDUHV$VtSRU
HMHPSORHQDOJXQRVSDtVHVFRPR,WDOLDDORVDOXPQRVQROHVJXVWDPXFKR7LWR/LYLR
SRUTXH SDUD HOORV VXSRQH YROYHU D UHSHWLU OR TXH \D KDQ HVWXGLDGR HQ RWUDV PDWHULDV
7DPELpQ SLHQVR TXH HQ SDtVHV FRPR (VSDxD H ,WDOLD SXHGH VHU DOJR OHQWR SXHV OD
VHPHMDQ]D GH VXV OHQJXDV QDWLYDV FRQ HO ODWtQ SRGUtDSHUPLWLU DOSURIHVRU DYDQ]DUPiV
UiSLGR\DTXHQRQHFHVLWDH[SOLFDUPXFKDVSDODEUDV

 (OPpWRGRUEHUJPHSDUHFHXQDEXHQDPDQHUDGHDIURQWDUHO
 HVWXGLRGHOODWtQDFWLYRGHKDELWXDUDORVDOXPQRVDOHHU\
 H[SUHVDUVHHQODWtQSDUDFRPSUHQGHUOXHJRPHMRUORVWH[WRV
 OLWHUDULRVGHORVFOiVLFRV


4XpRSLQLyQOHPHUHFHHOFDGDYH]PiVDFWLYRPRYLPLHQWRHQGHIHQVDGHOODWtQ
FRPROHQJXDYLYD"

<RGLJRTXHFDGDXQRWLHQHTXHWHQHUXQVXHxR6LQXQVXHxRQRVHSXHGHWUDEDMDU/R
LPSRUWDQWH QR HV TXH HO VXHxR VH FXPSOD FRPSOHWDPHQWH /R TXH KD\ TXH KDFHU HV
HVIRU]DUVH SRU FRQVHJXLU DOFDQ]DU OD FLHQFLD OD KXPDQLWDV (O ODWtQ D\XGD D FRQVHJXLU
HVWR\DFRQRFHUQRVFRPRKRPEUHV

 &XiO GHEH VHU OD PHWD GH OD HQVHxDQ]D GHO ODWtQ" 4XL]iV GHYROYHUOH HO OXJDU
SUHHPLQHQWH TXH WXYR HQ RWUR WLHPSR R VLPSOHPHQWH EXVFDU OD PHMRU PDQHUD GH
TXHQXHVWURVDOXPQRVVHLQLFLHQHQODOHFWXUD\FRPSUHQVLyQGHORVWH[WRVOLWHUDULRV
FOiVLFRV"

3LHQVRTXHORVDXWRUHVODWLQRVGHEHQVHUOHtGRVKR\+DEODUH[SUHVDUVHHQODWtQHVXQD
EXHQD PDQHUD GH FRQVHJXLU HVWH REMHWLYR 6REUH OD SULPHUD PHWD TXH LQGLFD HQ VX
SUHJXQWD \R GLUtD TXH HV XQD PHWD XWySLFD <R HVWDUtD FRQWHQWR FRQ TXH QXHVWURV
DOXPQRV SXGLHUDQ FRPSUHQGHU ORV WH[WRV ODWLQRV FRQ TXH FRQRFLHUDQ OD PLWRORJtD
FOiVLFDVLQODFXDOQRVHSXHGHLQWHUSUHWDUODSLQWXUDGHWRGRVORVVLJORVWDPELpQFRQTXH
FRQRFLHUDQ OD KLVWRULD URPDQD DGHPiV SLQWXUD H KLVWRULD D YHFHV VH GDQ OD PDQR
SXHVGHVSXpVGHOD5HYROXFLyQ)UDQFHVDHUDKDELWXDOKDFHUSLQWXUDVTXHUHSUHVHQWDEDQ
ODV YLUWXGHV FtYLFDV EDViQGRVH HQ 7LWR /LYLR (O HVWXGLR GHO ODWtQ HV PX\ ~WLO SDUD
HQWHQGHUQRVDQRVRWURVPLVPRV\DSDUWLUGHHVWRSDUDSRGHUFRQRFHUDORVRWURV&yPR
YDPRVDFRPSUHQGHUDORVGHPiVVLQRQRVFRPSUHQGHPRVDQRVRWURVPLVPRV(QHVWR
OD FXOWXUD ODWLQD PDUFy HO FDPLQR D VHJXLU (VWD HUD XQD FXOWXUD VLQ GRJPDV TXH QR
LPSRQtDFUHHQFLDVTXHQRREOLJDEDDFUHHUHQGRJPDVGHWHUPLQDGRV6REUHHVWHSODQR
FDVLQHXWURSRGHPRVHQFRQWUDUQRVFRQORVRWURV


 
 3DUD WHUPLQDU FRPR ELHQ VDEH ORV HVWXGLRV FOiVLFRV QR HVWiQ SDVDQGR SRU VX
PHMRUPRPHQWRGHELHQGRKDFHUIUHQWHDFRQWLQXRVUHFRUWHVHQVXSUHVHQFLDHQORV
SODQHV GH HVWXGLRV GH ORV GLVWLQWRV SDtVHV $ HVWH UHVSHFWR FXiO HV OD VLWXDFLyQ
DFWXDOHQ$OHPDQLD\TXpRSLQLyQOHPHUHFHHOIXWXURGHQXHVWUDVPDWHULDV"

(Q$OHPDQLDODVLWXDFLyQDFWXDOWLHQHDOJXQRVSXQWRVIDYRUDEOHV\RWURVGHVIDYRUDEOHV
)DYRUDEOHSRUTXHKDQHPSH]DGRDHQVHxDUHOLQJOpVDORVVHLVDxRV\HOODWtQDORVGLH]
3HUR \ pVWD HV OD SDUWH GHVIDYRUDEOH KD\ DOJXQDV GLILFXOWDGHV SUiFWLFDV SRUTXH KDQ
TXLWDGR KRUDV GH FODVH \ QR KD\ VXILFLHQWHV SURIHVRUHV GH ODWtQ 3RU HVR VH FRUUH HO
SHOLJURGHTXHHQDOJXQDVHVFXHODVVHHQVHxHQRWUDVPDWHULDVHQYH]GHODWtQ
6REUHHOIXWXUR\RVR\RSWLPLVWDSRUQDWXUDOH]DSRUTXHHOSHVLPLVPRQRD\XGD(VWR\
FRQYHQFLGR GH TXH HO ODWtQ WLHQH OD FDSDFLGDG GH VREUHYLYLUVREUH WRGR VLHVFDSD]GH
UHQRYDUVH$GHPiVKD\TXHDSDUWDUGHOODWtQODLPDJHQGHUHDFFLRQDULRGHTXHVyORHVWi
RULHQWDGRDOSDVDGR3RUHOFRQWUDULRHOODWtQHVUHDOLVWD\HVWiEDVDGRHQHOSULQFLSLRGH
FRQRFHUQRVDQRVRWURVPLVPRV\GHFUHDUQXHVWUDSURSLDLGHQWLGDG(OSURJUHVRFRQVLVWH
HQ HVR \ ORV URPDQRV QRV GLHURQ HO HMHPSOR GH FyPR KDFHUOR DSUHQGLHQGR GH ORV
HQHPLJRVVHWUDQVIRUPDURQGHDJULFXOWRUHVHQQDYHJDQWHV\GHSDJDQRVHQFULVWLDQRV


 6REUHHOIXWXUR\RVR\RSWLPLVWDSRUQDWXUDOH]DSRUTXHHO
 SHVLPLVPRQRD\XGD


 

Potrebbero piacerti anche