1.

Conventional War: On Friday in Syria, the day the United States fired 59
cruise missiles around 3:40 a.m. local time against Al Shayrat airfield, the
American-led coalition carried out just seven airstrikes against Islamic State
targets in Syria (Accesed from The New York Times edition April 8, 2017;
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/08/us/politics/us-islamic-state-syria.html?m
cubz=3)

2. Nuclear War: Atomic bomb (Little Boy) was dropped by the United States on
the city of Hiroshima on Agust 6, 1945 from one of the B-29 Superfortresses
used in the attack. On Agust 9, 1945, the United States dropped a second
atomic bomb (Fat Boy) on the city of Nagasaki. Estimates suggest that the
bomb killed 40,000 on the it was dropped, and approximately 70,000 by the
end of 1945. (Accesed from The New York Times edition August 9, 2011;
https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/aug-9-1945-u-s-drops-atomic-
bomb-on-nagasaki-japan/?mcubz=3)

3. Human Right Abuse: Fighting between the Tatmadaw (Burmese armed

forces) and ethnic armed groups worsened over the year in Kachin, Rakhine,
Karen, and Northern Shan States, displacing thousands of civilians.
Government forces have been responsible for serious abuses, including
extrajudicial killings, torture, sexual violence, and destruction of property.
Violence over the past five years has left 220,000 people displaced
nationwide120,000 in Rakhine State and 100,000 in Shan and Kachin
States. (diakses dari Human Rights Watch, world report 2017;
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/burma)

4. Global Inequality: Rising income and wealth disparity, for example; Africa,
The number of poor people in Africa defined as those living on less than
$1.25 a day increased from 411.3 million in 2010 to 415.8 million in 2011,
World Bank data shows. However, the number of people within Africa whom
have an income over $1M, has increased twofold since 2000; this number is
expected to rise 45% by 2024, increasing the inequality within the region.
Africa has become a special focus point for the UN, with UNECA and many
policies tailored to the region its historically been susceptible to various
crises, whether it be economic or social. Due to transformations in the region
from the MDGs, the SDGs are in sync with how Africa wants to attack their
future.(diakses dari Reduction of Global Wealth In Aquality;
https://www.odu.edu/content/dam/odu/offices/mun/2017/ib-2017-ecosoc-redu
ce-global-inequality.pdf)

5. Global Poverty: (1) About 896 million people in developing countries live on
$1.90 a day or less; (2) 22,000 children die each day due to conditions of
poverty. Almost half of the populations (220 million people) in sub-Saharan
Africa live in poverty. We have listed of major causes of poverty in Africa: 1)
 Civil war and terrorism; 2) the unending corruption; 3) education and
knowledge gap; 4) natural disaster; 5) overpopulation; 6) dependency
syndrome (Diakses dari The Hunger Project; http://www.thp.org/knowledge-
center/know-your-world-facts-about-hunger-poverty/ dan https://www.Africa
nexponent.com/post/billions-lost-in-profits-by-foreign-companies-tax-evasion
1953)

6. Global Hunger: 795 million people or one in nine people in the world
who do not have enough to eat; 98% of the worlds undernourished people
live in developing countries. Where is hunger the worst? Asia: 525.6 million;
Sub-Saharan Africa: 214 million; Latin America and the Caribbean: 37
million. The Causes of Hunger and Undernourishment in Africa: 1) The Socio-
economic context is a great disadvantage to Africas food security. 66% of
the population in Africa and 75% in SSA depend on agriculture for livelihood.
Diseases especially malaria and HIV/AIDS are the most common sources of
death and compel people not to be productive; 2) Political context: In Africa,
lots of human, natural, material and financial resources are being lost to wars
and recurring social unrest. Ethnic and religious diversity and a large portion
of uneducated inhabitants make the continent susceptible to civil conflicts
often instigated by incessant struggle for natural resources. Africas rich
endowments in oil deposits, gold, diamond, fertile soils, water resources,
tropical forests, have turned the continent into a political land mine with both
external and internal interests shaping the continents struggle for power; 3)
Scarcity of democracy; 4) The nature of education introduced by
colonialists; 5) Religious and cultural dogma, In most parts of SSA, a
mans prestige is determined by how many children and wives he has.
(Diakses dari The Hunger Project; http://www.thp.org/knowledge-center/know-
your-world-facts-about-hunger-poverty/ dan http://www.hunger-
undernutrition.org/blog/2011/02/the-causes-of-hunger-and-undernourishment-
in-africa-and-the-way-forward.html)