Components of piping systems

overview
 Seamless pipe (SMLS)
Seamless pipes are perceived to be stronger
and more reliable.
often more available than welded pipe
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED
PIPE (ERW)
1- First Forming Section 2- Final Forming Pass Section
SPIRAL WELDED STEEL PIPE
SSAW MANUFACTURING
 DIMENSIONS
Pipe sizes are specified by a number of
national and international standards,
including API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M and
B36.19M in the US, BS 1600 and BS EN
10255 in the United Kingdom and Europe.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is based on inches.
Up to NPS 12, the outside diameter is
greater than nominal.
NPS 14 and up, the nominal is the same
like outside diameter.
Designating the outside diameter allows
pipes of the same size to be fit together no
matter what the wall thickness.
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE NPS
 WALL THICKNESS
Since the outside diameter is fixed for a given pipe size, the
inside diameter will vary depending on the wall thickness of
the pipe.
For same NPS, the outside diameter remain the same
regardless of wall thickness variation.
For example, 2" Schedule 80 pipe has thicker walls and
therefore a smaller inside diameter than 2" Schedule 40
pipe.
Pipe sizes are documented by a number of standards,
including API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M (Table 1) in the US,
BS 1600 and BS 1387 in the United Kingdom.
Typically the pipe wall thickness is the controlled variable,
and the Inside Diameter (I.D.) is allowed to vary.
 SIZE SPECIFICATION
Minimum data to clearly specify the pipe size
Nominal Pipe size (inch)
Wall thickness or Schedule No.
Reference standard.
Example NPS 2 SCH 40 ASME B316.10
or Alternative NPS 2 WT 3.91MM ASME
B316.10
Referring to the standard all the data needed
can be reached.
 Steel pipes standards
Metallic/ Non metallic
Ferrous/ Non ferrous
Iron/ Steel
Standard API 5L
FITTINGS AND COMPONENTS
 Flanges
Used to connect the pipe where it is expected
to need a break for maintenance or other
purposes.
Different types, with regard to
Facing
End connection
Manufacturing by forging mainly
 FLANGE SPECIFICATION
Minimum data to clearly specify a flange are
NPS, for the matching pipe
Pressure class (rating)
Facing
End connection
SPECIFICATION STANDARD
Example 12 #600 WN RTJ ASME B16.5
 END CONNECTION
What is the joint type between the flange and the pipe
Abbreviations WN, SO, SW, LJ, THD, BL.
Weld neck
LAP JOINT
SLIP ON
SOCKET WELDING
THREADED / NPT
BLIND
 FLANGE FACING
The face where it will be connected to the
mating flange.
Main types FF, RF and RTJ.
Based on facing type the gasket will be selected.
Raised Face
Spriral Wound gasket
GASKET SPIRAL WOUND
Isolating kits
Ring Type Joint (RTJ)
Ring Gaskets
GASKET RING JOINT
Insulating Kits
 PRESSURE CLASS
Combination of class and material group identify from the standard
the maximum pressure corresponding to certain working
temperature.
Sample from ASME B16.5
 MATERIAL GROUP
Sample from ASME B16.5
 ASME Standard Flanges
B16.5 NPS thr. 24 inch
B16.47 NPS 26 inch and above.
 BOLTING
BOLT SIZE to be
advised from the
flange standard
specification, where
the diameter and
length are indicated.
Bolt material to be
selected based on
service conditions.
 SPECTACLE BLIND
For line and components isolation.
Assembly clamps
REPAIR CLAMP
 Pipe Fittings

42
 ELBOWS
Change direction of flow.
Long / short radius.
Reduced/ straight elbow
Angle 90 or 45
Forged fittings class
B16.11
RETURN
 TEE BRANCH
Branching the main header.
Angle 90/ 45
Straight/ reduced.
CROSS
 Couplings
Joining two mating pipes
SOCKET WELDING/ THREADED/ CLAMP
CAP
NIPPLE
PLUG
UNIONS
 Reducers
Concentric
Eccentric
Listed and Unlisted Components
Listed components: designed to a standard listed
in the code. A standard that the code committee
has reasearched and accpeted as compliant with
the code.
Unlited: Special designed components, not to a
standard listed in the code. The code specify
further requirements to be fulfilled prior to use in
the system. Requirements may be an engineering
calculation or test. Some codes have some
limitations on use of unlisted components in
certain services.
 SUPPORTS AND HANGERS
To sustain the load of the
pipework safely, and
transfer to the ground.
Absorb the pipe strain
avoiding damage caused if
transferred to the
equipment.
Main types
Rigid Support
Spring Support
Snubber/Shock Absorber
CLEVIS HANGERS-PIPE SUPPORT
TYPES OF HANGERS
PIPE ANCHOR (SHOE)
 Dynamic restraint
It is designed to absorb and transfer sudden increases in load from the pipe
into the building structure and to deaden any opposing oscillation between the
pipe and the structure. Therefore dynamic restraints are required to be very
stiff, to have high load capacity and to minimize free movement between pipe
and structure.
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Valves