Cng ha x hi

22 TCN 263 -2000

ch ngha vit nam quy trnh
kho st ng t
B giao thng vn ti C hiu lc t15/ 6 / 2000

(Ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 1398 /Q-GGTVT ngy 1/6 /2000 ca B GTVT)

PHN TH NHt
QUY NH CHUNG

chng mt - MC CH, NHIM V V CC bc

kho st ng t
1.1.- Quy trnh ny quy nh cc ni dung v yu cu cn phi t c khi tin hnh
kho st phc v cho vic chun b u t v thc hin u t cc d n xy dng
ng mi, nng cp v ci to ng hin hu thuc mng ng t cng
cng ca nc CHXHCN Vit-Nam.

1.2.- Giai on chun b u t, vic kho st ng t nhm phc v cho bc lp Bo

co Nghin cu Tin kh thi (BCNCTKT) v Bo co Nghin cu Kh thi
(BCNCKT). Nu d n u t c quy m thuc nhm i hi phi qua c hai
bc BCNCTKT v BCNCKT th cng vic kho st cng phi tin hnh hai
bc, nu ch i hi mt bc th vic kho st ch tin hnh bc BCNCKT.
Vic thc hin mt hay hai bc s do Ch u t quyt nh theo "Quy ch
Qun l u t v Xy dng" hin hnh.

1.3.- Giai on thc hin u t, vic kho st cng c th tin hnh mt bc hoc hai
bc tu theo quyt nh ca C quan c thm quyn quyt nh :
- Kho st bc Thit K K Thut (TKKT);
- Kho st bc Thit k Bn v Thi cng (TKBVTC ).
Trng hp bc TKKT gn lin vi vic lp h s u thu v bc TKBVTC li
do Nh thu thc hin th vic kho st ng t phi do cp quyt nh u t
ph duyt.
1.4.- Cc bc kho st ni iu 1.2 v 1.3 l thu thp cc s liu kinh t v k
thut phc v cc ni dung bo co v ni dung thit k theo cc bc c
quy nh " Quy ch Qun l u t v Xy dng" hin hnh.
1.4.1.- Kho st lp bo co nghin cu tin kh thi (BCNCTKT) l thu thp
nhng ti liu cn thit s b nh gi v s cn thit phi u t cng trnh,
cc thun li v kh khn, s b xc nh v tr, quy m cng trnh v c ton
tng mc u t, chn hnh thc u t cng nh s b nh gi hiu qu u
t v mt kinh t, x hi ca d n.

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1.4.2.- Kho st lp bo co nghin cu kh thi (BCNCKT) l thu thp nhng ti
liu xc nh s cn thit phi u t cng trnh, la chn hnh thc u t,
xc nh v tr c th, quy m cng trnh, la chn phng n cng trnh ti u,
xut cc gii php thit k hp l, tnh tng mc u t v nh gi hiu qu
u t v mt kinh t v x hi ca d n.
1.4.3.- Kho st lp Thit k k thut (TKKT) l thu thp nhng ti liu cn thit
trn phng n cng trnh c cp c thm quyn ph duyt lp h s
thit k k thut v d ton cng trnh cng nh lp h s u thu phc v cho
cng tc mi thu hay ch nh thu.
1.4.4.- Kho st lp Thit k bn v thi cng (TKBVTC ) c thc hin phc
v cho thi cng cng trnh cu, ng ca ng t theo cc phng n cng
trnh c duyt khi thit k k thut v u thu xy dng.

1.5.- Quy trnh ny dng cho trng hp kho st thit k nhng cng trnh c
tin hnh ring bit theo hai bc:
- Thit k k thut,
- Thit k bn v thi cng.
Nhng cng trnh n gin thc hin mt bc thit k k thut-thi cng
(TKKTTC) th trong bc ny mi cng vic kho st ca c hai bc thit k k
thut v bn v thi cng c phi hp thc hin cng trong mt bc.

1.6.- Kho st tuyn ng cn tin hnh ng thi vi kho st dc tuyn v: cng

trnh nhn to, a cht cng trnh v thu vn. Khi hon thnh cng tc kho
st, n v kho st phi tin hnh nghim thu, thc hin ch chc nng
qun l k thut, lp cc th tc giao np ti liu vo lu tr.

1.7.- Trn mt tuyn ng khi c nhiu n v cng thc hin nhm v kho st th
khng phn bit chiu di tuyn m cn thng nht hng tuyn qui nh
cho hng kho st.
L trnh kho st trn tuyn c chn theo nguyn tc :
- Tuyn mi c im gc l km 0, cc phn on do cc n v kho st khc
nhau thc hin phi c ly thng nht theo l trnh tuyn vch trn bn
1:50000 (hay 1:100000) cho ton tuyn, km cui cng ca n v trc gp
n v sau s l km c bit c chiu di khc vi 1000 m.
- Khi kho st ng hin hu th hng kho st l hng tng l trnh ghi
trn ct km. L trnh tuyn kho st theo tn ct km trn ng.
- Khi trn ng hin hu b thiu nhiu ct km th l trnh tuyn xc nh nh
cch lm vi tuyn mi, cc ct km hin c coi nh cc chi tit v bt buc
phi th hin trn h s.

1.8.- Cng tc kho st thu vn th hin trong Quy trnh ny ch bao gm cc cng
vic kho st i vi tuyn ng v cc cng trnh thot nc l cng v cu
nh.

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 Cng tc kho st thu vn i vi cu va v cu ln cng nh cch thc quan
trc cc yu t thu vn, o v a hnh trong cng tc kho st thu vn khng
a vo Qui trnh ny v c thc hin theo Quy trnh Kho st v Thit k
Thu vn ring
Kho st thu vn c tin hnh c trong phng v ngai thc a iu
tra, kho st o c v thu thp cc s liu v kh tng, thu hi vn, a hnh
v cc ti liu, s liu lin quan khc.

1.9.- Cng tc kho a cht cng trnh (CCT) th hin trong Quy trnh ny ch quy
nh cho cc loi cng trnh ng thng thng, cc cng trnh: gia c, phng
h, nhn to loi nh v cc on ng thit k c bit, ngoi ra khi kho st
CCT cc cng trnh cu trung v ln phi tun th theo cc quy nh st
CCT hin hnh.

PHN TH hai

kho st lp bo co
nghin cu tin kh thi

chng hai - cng tc kho st tuyn

2.1.- Nhim v ca kho st bc NCTKT l thu thp cc ti liu cn thit cho vic
lp BCNCTKT vi mc ch nu iu 1.4.1.
Qu trnh kho st phi nghin cu tng quan cc iu kin t nhin vng tuyn
s i qua (a hnh, a cht, thu vn, ngun cung cp vt liu xy dng ...),
ng thi iu tra, thu thp cc ti liu kho st thc hin (nu c) v lm
vic vi cc c quan hu quan v li ch (v c kh khn) trong xy dng cng
nh trong khai thc tuyn ng.
Kt qu kho st phi s b xut c hng tuyn, c nh c quy m
v cc gii php kinh t-k thut ca cng trnh.

2.2.- Trc khi tin hnh kho st hin trng cn t chc nghin cu ton din
trn cc loi bn hin c v cc iu kin t nhin vng tuyn i qua, s b
vch cc phng n tuyn, b sung kt qu th st, la chn cc phng n
tuyn kh thi t chc o c, thu thp cc s liu cn thit cho thit k.
2.3.- Nhng cng tc kho st bc NCTKT gm:
- Chun b trong phng,
- Th st v o c hin trng.

a.- CHUN B TRONG PHNG

2.4.- Thi k chun b cn :

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2.4.1.- Nghin c cc vn bn lin quan n nhim v lp d n, xc nh trn bn
cc im khng ch ch yu ca d n (im u, im cui, cc im trung
gian bt buc, cc vng cm, vng trnh v.v...).
2.4.2.- S b vch cc phng n tuyn c th trn bn t l t 1:25000 n
1:50000.
2.4.3.- S b phn nh cc on ng a hnh.

2.5.- Trn cc phng n tuyn vch tin hnh cc vic sau:

2.5.1.- nh s km trn tng phng n tuyn (theo hng v thng nht gc).
2.5.2.- Phn on cc on ng nht (ch yu v iu kin a hnh) trn tng
phng n tuyn.
2.5.3.- Chn tng i chnh xc v tr cc cu ln tnh ton thu vn v s b xc
nh khu cu.
2.5.4.- nh gi khi qut u, khuyt im ca tng phng n tuyn.

b.- th st v o c ngoi thc a

b1.- Th st

2.6.- Nhim v ca th st l i chiu bn vi thc a, b sung nhn thc v cc

yu t a cht, thu vn cng nh cp nht cc thiu st ca bn , qua
la chn phng n tuyn kh thi t chc kho st.

2.7.- Khi th st cn :
2.7.1.- Tm hiu tnh hnh dn c hai bn tuyn.
2.7.2.- Tm hiu tnh hnh ngun cung cp v phng thc cung cp nguyn vt liu
cn thit cho xy dng cng trnh.
2.7.3.- Xc nhn cc on ng a hnh phn nh trong Phng.
2.7.4. - Lp cc vn bn cn thit vi cc c quan c cng trnh lin quan n d n.
-Trnh by vi UBND cc tnh c lin quan n d n v yu cu Tnh cung cp
bng vn bn cc quan im ca a phng mnh i vi d n.

b2.- o c ngoi thc a

2.8.- Ch o c c t l gii hn (nh quy nh iu 2.13) vi cc on ng a

hnh trn cc phng n tuyn c coi l kh thi.

2.9.- Cng vic kho st tuyn ngoi thc a l lp bnh a hnh khu vc d nh
t tuyn v thu thp cc ti liu thit k so snh, la chn phng n.
2.10.- Trnh t o c tin hnh nh sau:
2.10.1.- o dc tuyn bng my o dc n gin.
2.10.2.- o gc bng a bn hoc png-t-mt.

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2.10.3.- o di bng thc vi v ch o 01 ln.
2.10.4.- o cao bng my o dc n gin (c 02 ln thun nghch).
2.10.5.- o mt ct ngang bng thc ch A hoc my o dc n gin .
2.10.6.- Cc cc tuyn l cc tm bng tre g khng phi bo v.
2.10.7.- Kt thc cng tc o c ngoi thc a phi lp c cc ti liu sau:
(1).- Bnh tuyn c ng ng mc, c phc ho a hnh ngoi phm vi
o c v c ghi ch cc cng trnh 2 bn tuyn. Bnh v theo mu
h s t l 1:5000.

(2).- Hnh ct dc cc phng n tuyn t l 1:5000 1:10000.

(3).- Hnh ct ngang i din cho tng on t l n 1:500.
(4).- Thuyt minh tnh hnh tuyn.

2.11.- Khi lng o c i vi cc on ng a hnh c thc hin nh sau:

(1).- Tuyn o dc: o 100% chiu di on.
(2).- Tuyn bnh thng (khng b khng ch v dc dc) thuc c 3 loi a
hnh ng bng,i ni, tt c u ch o c 20% chiu di ca on.

2.12.- Nu tuyn thit k l ng hin hu th cng tc o c tuyn thc hin theo

phng php ng k ng c s ni Chng mi tm. Khi lng o c
cng thc hin theo iu 2.11.

2.13.- Nu trong khu vc tuyn kho st c cc bn t l 1:5000 n 1:10000 th

dng cc ti liu ny thit k m khng cn thc hin cng vic o c
ngoi thc a nh nu cc iu 2.8 n 2.11

chng ba - kho st thu vn

a.- yu cu kho st thu vn i vi tuyn ng

3.1.-Thu thp cc ti liu sn c v iu tra b sung (nu cha sn c) v a hnh,

a cht, kh tng, thu vn, tnh hnh ngp lt, ch dng chy ca sng
sui trong vng thit k ng, c bit l cc s liu v mc nc cao nht
cc vng b ngp ca cc trm kh tng, thu vn, cc c quan t vn kho
st, thit k, qun l ng v thu li.

3.2.- Lm vic vi cc a phng v cc c quan hu quan v cc cng trnh p

thu li, thu in hin ang s dng v theo qui hoch tng lai; s nh hng
ca cc cng trnh ny ti ch thu vn dc tuyn v cng trnh thot nc
trn ng; cc yu cu ca thu li i vi vic xy dng cu v ng.

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3.3.- Trn bn sn c, vch ng ranh gii cc lu vc t nc, cc vng b
ngp.

3.4.- T chc th st ti thc a, nh gi, i chiu cc s liu thu thp c qua ti

liu lu tr, cc ti liu do a phng v c quan hu quan cung cp.

3.5.- H s kho st thu vn dc tuyn:

3.5.1.- Thuyt minh cc iu kin v a hnh, a cht, cy c, kh tng, thu vn,
vng b ngp, ch sng ngi ca vng thit k, s nh hng ca cc cng
trnh thu li hin c v d kin trong qui hoch tng lai ti cao nn ng
v ch lm vic ca cng trnh thot nc trn ng. Cung cp cc s liu
khng ch v thu vn nh mc nc cao nht, mc nc ng thng xuyn,
thi gian ngp v.v..
3.5.2.- Cc vn bn lm vic vi a phng v cc c quan hu quan, cc ti liu, s
liu thu thp c.
3.5.3.- Cc s liu, ti liu thu thp b sung ti thc a.
3.5.4.- Bn v ng ranh gii cc lu vc t nc v cc vng b ngp.

b.- yu cu kho st thu vn i vi cng trnh thot nc nh

3.6- Trn bn c v cc phng n tuyn (t l 1:25.000, 1:50.000, 1:100.000

hoc t l khc), nh du cc v tr cc cng trnh thot nc, tin hnh khoanh
lu vc t nc cho mi cng trnh.

3.7.- Xc nh trn bn chiu di sui chnh, dc sui chnh, chiu di sui ph

(sui nhnh).
Chiu di sui chnh c tnh t ni bt u hnh thnh r rng dng sui chnh
ti cng trnh; chiu di sui nhnh c tnh t ni hnh thnh sui nhnh n
ni sui nhnh gp sui chnh. Ch cn o cc sui nhnh c chiu di ln hn
0,75 chiu rng trung bnh ca sn dc lu vc. i vi lu vc mt mi, chiu
di sui chnh l khong cch t ng phn thu xa nht ca lu vc n v tr
cng trnh.
dc sui chnh l dc trung bnh tnh t ni sui chnh hnh thnh r rng
ti cng trnh thot nc.

3.8.-Trong bc Nghin cu Tin kh thi, c cc s liu v c trng a mo, a

cht ca lu vc v lng sui, khng yu cu phi o c, o ly mu ti thc
a m c th da vo cc ti liu sn c ca cc c quan hu quan a
phng, bn th nhng, kt qu th st ti hin trng, hi a phng.
3.9.- H s kho st thu vn cng trnh thot nc nh.
- Thuyt minh tnh hnh iu tra a hnh, a cht, a mo, thu vn lu vc v
lng sui ti cc v tr cng trnh thot nc nh. Cung cp cc s liu, cc tham
s phc v tnh ton lu lng theo cc hng dn trong iu 8.12, 8.13 ca
bc Nghin cu kh thi.

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 - Cc vn bn lm vic vi a phng v cc c quan hu quan; cc ti liu, s
liu thu thp b sung qua th st ti thc a.
- Bn khoanh lu vc t nc v cc cng trnh thot nc dc tuyn.
- Cc bn tng hp iu tra mc nc dc tuyn v mc nc ti cc cng trnh
thot nc (Ph lc 3.2), c trng a mo lng sui (Ph lc 3.3), c trng
a hnh lu vc (Ph lc 3. 4).

Chng bn - kho st a cht Cng trnh

4.1.- Mc ch ca kho st CCT lp BCNCTKT l xc nh mt cch tng quan
iu kin CCT trn tt c cc phng n xut, m khng i su vo chi tit
ca tng phng n. Ni dung ca kho st gm:
- Th st khu vc cng vi cc nghip v khc ca tng th;
- Tm hiu chi tit nhim v k thut c giao, cc vn bn c lin quan;
- Thu thp ton b ti liu a cht, CCT, lch s nghin cu trong vng ca
cc c quan chuyn ngnh.

4.2.- Sau khi c y cc ti liu, cn tp hp vit bo co CCT. Ni dung bo

co phi tho mn cc yu cu ca thit k trong giai on ny. Cn nu ra
nhng vn phi gii quyt trong giai on kho st sau. Khng tin hnh bt
k mt khi lng cng tc kho st no.

chng nm - iu tra kinh t

5.1. - iu tra kinh t l thu thp cc ti liu :

- S b nh gi c im kinh t - x hi (KT-XH) ca khu vc nghin cu (c
nc, tiu vng, tnh, tu theo quy m ca d n) trong cn lu n cc
ngnh kinh t ch yu nh cng nghip, nng nghip, xut nhp khu, u t
nc ngoi...
- S b a ra nh hng pht trin KT-XH v cc qui hoch lin quan d n.
- S b xc nh nhu cu vn ti.

5.2.- Nhim v iu tra kinh t ca bc kho st NCTKT ch yu l thu thp cc ti

liu hin c cc c quan T lin quan v cc cp chnh quyn, cc c quan
chuyn mn ca cc tnh, huyn c tuyn i qua.
Yu cu ti liu cn thu thp gm :
- Cc s liu v hin trng KT-XH, din tch t ai, dn s, thnh phn dn tc,
GDP, t trng c cu kinh t cc ngnh, gi tr XNK...
- Thc trng cc ngnh cng nghip, nng nghip, lm nghip, thu hi sn, du
lch, vn ho, y t, gio dc, xut nhp khu...

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 - Hin trng mng li giao thng (st, thu, b, sng, bin, hng khng) ca
vng nghin cu.
- Cc s liu v nh hng, v qui hoch pht trin KT-XH ca vng nghin
cu.
- Cc s liu v khi lng vn chuyn, lu chuyn HH v HK.
- Cc s liu v lu lng giao thng t, xe my, xe p...

5.3. - Kt thc cng vic kho st kinh t cn cung cp cc ti liu sau y :

- Cc bin bn iu tra v hin trng KT-XH ca khu vc nghin cu c xc
nhn ca cc cp chnh quyn v c quan chuyn mn cung cp.
- Cc nh hng , cc qui hoch pht trin KT-XH ca cc tnh c lin quan
n d n.
- Cc bo co v hin trng mng li giao thng (st, thu, b... ) ca khu vc
nghin cu.
- Cc bo co v khi lng vn ti, v lu lng giao thng b thu thp
c.

chng su - kho st mi trng

6.1.- Kho st mi trng bc NCTKT l thu thp cc ti cn thit :

- To iu kin cho cc c quan qun l d n hp nht cc vn mi trng
vi d n xy dng, t c quyt nh ng n v gii php thit k.
- Gip c quan lp d n xy dng c trch nhim thc hin cc gii php k
thut ca d n vi nhng hiu bit y v nhng vn mi trng trong
khu vc c lin quan d n.
- D bo cho cc c quan v nhn dn trong vng nh hng ca d n v
nhng nh hng tch cc v tiu cc ca d n i vi cc hp phn mi
trng t nhin, x hi v cc h sinh thi.

6.2.- Ni dung cng vic kho st mi trng cn c thc hin :

6.2.1.- iu tra v thu thp qui hoch pht trin KT-XH ca khu vc hp dn c lin
quan n d n.
6.2.2.- iu tra thu thp cc s liu, ti liu v :
(i) iu kin t nhin, trong c cc phn sau:
+ v tr a l v c im a hnh;
+ c im kh hu;
+ ti nguyn nc (nc mt, nc ngm);
+ ti nguyn sinh thi - h ng, thc vt;

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 + ti nguyn khong sn;
+ khu bo tn;
+ ti nguyn du lch;
(ii) iu kin x hi v kinh t :
+ dn s v phn b dn c;
+ thnh phn dn tc;
+ c im kinh t;
+ nng, lm, thu sn;
+ y t v gio dc;

6.2.3.- Kt qu kho st c tp hp trong cc bo co lm c s lp Bo co nh

gi tc ng mi trng (TM).

phn th ba

kho st lp bo co
nghin cu kh thi
chng by - kho st tuyn

7.1.- Nhim v ca kho st lp bo co nghin cu kh thi l thu thp cc s liu

cn thit cho vic lp cc bo ca trn vi mc ch nh nu iu 1.4.2.
Qa trnh kho st phi nghin cu cc iu kin t nhin ca vng kho st
(a hnh, a mo, a cht, thu vn, ngun vt liu xy dng...)
Ngoi ra cn ch n nhng ti liu kho st tin hnh nhng nm trc
nu c.
Kt qu kho st phi xut c hng tuyn v nhng gii php thit k
cho phng n tt nht ( gi l phng n chn ) v xut gii php thi cng,
ng thi phi tho thun vi chnh quyn a phng v vi cc c quan lin
quan v hng tuyn v cc gii php thit k ch yu.

7.2.- Nhng cng vic trong bc nghin cu kh thi gm:

- Chun b trong phng,
- Th st, o c ngoi hin trng.
a.- Chun b trong phng

7.3.- Nhng ti liu cn su tm:

7.3.1.- Ti liu iu tra kinh t v ti liu kho st trc y thc hin (nu c) lin
quan n thit k.

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7.3.2.- Cc ti liu v quy hoch tuyn.
7.3.3.- Cc im khng ch bt buc tuyn phi qua hoc phi trnh ( th, cng
trnh c bit ...).
7.3.4.- Ti liu kh tng thu vn, th nhng, a cht v thu vn a cht.
7.3.5.- Cc bn vng t tuyn (t l t nh n ln).

7.4.- Nghin cu trn bn t l nh ( 1:25000 1:50000 ).

7.4.1.- Vch ra hng tuyn tng qut ca d n sau ny d nghin cu chi tit
trn bn t l ln.
7.4.2.- Ch cc im khng ch c nu trong cc ti liu kho st hoc do cc
c quan yu cu.
7.4.3.- B sung vo hng tuyn chung cc ng nhnh dn n cc khu dn c
ln, nh ga, bn cng, sn bay.
7.4.4.- S b chn v tr vt sng ln, ni giao ct vi ng st, vi ng t l
ng trc .

7.5.- Nghin cu trn bn t l ln.

Cn c vo hng tuyn chung vch trn bn t l nh chuyn sang
nghin cu trn bn t l ln vi mc chi tit hn, c kt hp y vi
a hnh a vt.
Vic xc nh trn bn t l ln bao gm mt s ni dung sau:
7.5.1.- Chn tng i chnh xc v tr cu ln sau ny xc nh trn thc a.
7.5.2.- Xc nh nhng on cn trin tuyn nh qua o, nhng on dc ln v.v..
7.5.3.- D kin cc on ng cn ci to v bnh v hnh ct dc. (nu l d n
ci to, nng cp ng hin hu).
7.5.4.- Chnh sa li v tr giao ct vi cc ng ngang.
7.5.5.- nh s km trn tng phng n.
7.5.6.- Nhn xt, nh gi mc phc tp, u nhc im ca tng phng n.
Qua loi bt mt s phng n, ch gi li nhng phng n c kh nng
xt chn tin hnh o c ly ti liu so snh.

7.6.- Khi vch tuyn trn tng on ngn, phi lun lun ch n hng tuyn tng
qut va ph hp vi iu kin a hnh, li gn st vi ng chim bay,
7.7.- Tuyn ng phi phi hp hi ho vi a hnh: ng bng khng c vch
tuyn quanh co; khu vc ni lin tc, phi trin tuyn bm theo a hnh sn
ni trn c s chnh cao tng th ca a hnh v dc cho php ca
tuyn ng.
Cn quan tm n cc yu cu v cnh quan i vi ng phc v du lch,
ng n khu ngh mt, ng n cng trnh vn ho v di tch lch s.

10
7.8.- Khi vch tuyn, nn trnh i qua nhng v tr bt li v th nhng, thu vn, a
cht (nh m ly, khe xi, st l, ln, cac-xt..).
Trng hp phi i qua m ly cn th st k ti ch, o chiu su ly v chn
v tr i qua thch hp nht. ng thi cn nghin cu thm cc phng n trnh
ly.
Nn trnh nhng khe xi ang pht trin trn sn dc khng n nh.Trng
hp phi i qua, nn chn v tr tuyn nh khe xi. i vi ng cp thp c
th cho tuyn i qua pha di, ng thi c nhng gii php k thut cn
thit.
7.9.- Khng nn ch cho tuyn qua vng t qu, khng c nhng vng t
qu b ngp do nh hng nc dnh trc cng trnh trn tuyn.

7.10.- V tr hp l nht ca ng qua cc thnh ph, khu cng nghip v u mi

giao thng, tu trng hp c th c xc nh trn c s so snh kinh t- k
thut cc phng n v tham kho kin chnh quyn a phng. Khi chn
tuyn cn ch n quy m v c tnh ca giao thng trn ng, lng xe
khu vc hay xe qu cnh chim u th, s dn v ngha v chnh tr kinh t,
vn ho, x hi ca ng.

7.11.- Khi ng qua vng i nn dng nhng ng cong bn knh ln, un theo
a hnh t nhin .
Ch b qua nhng un ln nh v trnh tuyn b gy khc v bnh v
hnh ct dc.

7.12.- Qua vng a hnh i nhp nh ni tip nhau, tt nht nn chn tuyn l
nhng ng cong ni tip hi ho vi nhau, khng nn c nhng on thng
chm gia nhng ng cong cng chiu, bn knh ca hai ng cong tip
gip nhau khng c chnh nhau qa quy nh ca thit k.

7.13.- Khi tuyn i theo ng phn thu, iu cn ch trc tin l quan st hng
ca ng phn thu chnh v tm cch nn thng tuyn trn tng on, chn
nhng sn n nh v thun tin cho vic t tuyn, trnh nhng mm nh
cao v tm nhng o vt.

7.14.- Khi tuyn i trn sn ni, m dc v mc n nh ca sn ni c nh

hng n v tr t tuyn th cn nghin cu tng hp cc iu kin a hnh,
a cht v thu vn-a cht c trng cho sn ni; nu tn ti nhng on
sn dc bt li v a cht v a cht-thu vn nh st l, trt, nc ngm
v.v... cn cho tuyn i trnh hoc ct qua pha trn.

7.15.- Khi tuyn i vo thung lng cc sng, sui nn:

7.15.1.- Chn mt trong hai b thun vi hng chung ca tuyn, c sn thoi, n
nh, khi lng o p t, t.
7.15.2.- Cho tuyn i trn mc nc l iu tra.

11
7.15.3.- Chn v tr thun li khi giao ct cc nhnh sng sui: nu l thung lng hp
tuyn c th i theo mt bn hoc c hai bn vi mt hoc nhiu ln ct qua
khe sui. L do ct qua nhiu ln mt dng sui thng l khi gp sn dc
nng, vch cao, a cht khng n nh (st, trt, l. .)
Trong trng hp ny phi tp hp s liu so snh phng n.
7.16.- Khi tuyn vt qua o: thng thng chn v tr o thp nht, ng thi phi
da vo hng chung ca tuyn v c im ca sn ni trin tuyn t
nh o xung hai pha.
i vi tuyn ng cc cp t cp k thut 40 tr ln, nu trin tuyn qua
o gp bt li nh sn ni khng n nh hoc tiu chun k thut v bnh
din, hnh ct dc qu hn ch khng tho mn cp ng thit k, th c th
xem xt thm phng n hm. Tuyn hm phi chn sao cho c chiu di
ngn nht v nm trong vng n nh v a cht v a cht - thu vn.

7.17.- V tr ct qua sng, sui nn chn trn nhng on thng c b v dng n

nh, iu kin a cht thun li.
Gc giao gia tuyn cu vi dng ch ca sng (c bit l sng ln) nn
chn vung gc hoc gn vung gc, tuy nhin yu cu ny khng c lm
cho tuyn qu gy khc hoc h thp ch tiu bnh tuyn.
Dng chy cng nh v cp k thut ng cng cao th tuyn cng t ph
thuc vo yu cu ny. i vi ng cp k thut cao cho php vt sng
cho gc hoc trong ng cong.
Khi chn v tr qua sng c thuyn b qua li cn ch n yu cu thng
thuyn theo cp sng.
Khi qua sng bng ph c dy cp dn, tuyn ph cn thng gc vi dng
chy v nn chn khc sng c chiu rng dng chnh nh nht.
Trng hp dng ph c tu lai dt cn ch n kh nng xy dng bn
ph, su lng lch v hng ca bn vi dng chy, ht sc trnh nhng
khc sng c bi bi.

7.18.- Trng hp lm ng cp cao i qua m, h hoc vnh, cn nghin cu

phng n ct thng bng cch lm cu hay kt hp gia cu v nn p
nhm rt ngn chiu di tuyn.

7.19.- Khi ct qua ng st hay ng t cn chn v tr thch hp tu theo loi giao

ct (giao cng mc hay khc mc ). La chn loi giao ct (giao cng mc
n gin c hoc khng c iu khin giao thng, hoc giao khc mc) cn
ch n tng lai pht trin ca ng st hay ng t tao nn nt giao.
Khi xy dng nt giao bng cn ch m bo tm nhn theo c hng dc v
hng ngang; ngthi phi c vn bn tho thun ca ngnh ng st.
Trng hp giao khc mc, nn chn ni nn ng b l nn o hoc p.
V tr ct qua ng st phi chn ngoi phm vi nh ga (c hin ti v theo
qui hoch). Gc giao nn vung gc hoc gn vung gc.

12
7.20.- Nhim v c bn ca vic vch tuyn l b tr tim ng trong khng gian mt
cch hp l nht, ngha l m bo mi quan h cht ch, s phi hp hi ho
gia bnh , hnh ct dc, hnh ct ngang ca tuyn v gia tuyn vi cnh
quan hai bn.
7.21.- Trn c s nghin cu cc ti liu trong phng c bit l hng tuyn vch
trn bn , xc nh mc kh khn phc tp ca cng vic s tin hnh
ngoi thc a v lp k hoch thc hin.

b.- th st v o c tuyn ngoi thc a

B1.- Th st

7.22.- Nhim v ca th st l i chiu bn vi thc a, xc nh li cc phng

n tuyn c nghin cu trn bn l c i c hay khng, b sung
thm cc phng n cc b pht hin trong qu trnh i thc a, s b la
chn phng n hp l, pht hin cc cng trnh c lin quan, thu thp kin
ca a phng gp phn la chn phng n tuyn tt.

7.23.- Th st c tin hnh trn tt c cc phng n tuyn c xut trong

DAKT; khi th st phi:
7.23.1- Tm hiu tnh hnh dn c hai bn tuyn (cc khu dn c, th ln, cc khu
cng nghip), cc qui hoch xy dng ca a phng vv...
7.23.2.-Tm hiu nguyn vt liu ti ch, cc c s sn xut nguyn vt liu a
phng, tnh hnh vn chuyn n tuyn bng ng b, ng st, ng
thu.
7.23.3.- Lp cc vn bn cn thit vi cc c quan c cng trnh lin quan n tuyn,
kin ca a phng v hng tuyn v cc yu cu v tuyn.

7.24.- Nu tuyn phi th st l ng hin hu th cng tc th st ngoi thc a vn

tin hnh theo cc ni dung nh ni cc iu trn.

B2.- o c

7.25.- Nhim v o c ngoi thc a l lp bnh a hnh khu vc d nh t

tuyn v thu thp cc ti liu so snh chn phng n tuyn. Cc phng
n c o c bc ny l cc phng n c chn lc qua qu trnh
nghin cu trong phng, th st trn thc a v c kin tham gia ca a
phng v cc c quan hu quan. Ngoi cc phng n chnh cn phi o c
cc phng n cc b trong cc phng n .

7.26.- Bnh a hnh c lp da theo ng sn tim tuyn ca phng n

chn vch trn bn . Cc cc ng sn phi bm st hng chung ca
tuyn thit k vic k tuyn v phng tuyn ngoi thc a c chnh xc
v thun li.
T l bnh qui nh nh sau :

13
 - a hnh ni kh v theo t l 1 : 2000,
- a hnh ni bnh thng v i bt p v theo t l 1 : 5000,
- a hnh ng bng v i thoi v theo t l 1 : 10000.
7.27.- Dng c dng o c ( lp bnh ) c th dng loi n gin hoc tinh t
tu thuc iu kin a hnh v cp k thut thit k, mc chnh xc ph
thuc cc dng c . Ring o cao cc cc ng sn bt buc phi dng
my tinh t (nhm kim tra li dc).

7.28.- Tuyn xut phi p ng cc tiu chun k thut qui nh ca cp k thut,

tho mn cc yu cu v a cht, thu vn v cng trnh; phi ph hp vi a
hnh khu vc tuyn i qua, vi cng trnh xy dng, vi qui hoch xy dng
v thun tin cho vic nng cp ng sau ny.

7.29.- lp bnh cao ca tuyn cn tin hnh cc cng vic sau: nh nh,
o gc, ri cc chi tit, o di, o cao, o ct ngang.
7.29.1.- nh nh: cc nh ca tuyn c xc nh trn c s bnh ng sn
k tuyn. Trong qu trnh phng tuyn nh nh cn ch xc nh v
tr hp l nht ca tuyn v tho mn cc yu cu nu trn.
7.29.2.- Ri cc chi tit: yu cu i vi ri cc chi tit l: phn nh khi qut a hnh
dc tuyn v hai bn tuyn. Trong bc ny cc chi tit l cc tm lp
bnh m khng cn bo v lu di.
7.29.3.- o gc, o cao dng cc thit b o c tinh t,my kinh v THEO 020,my
thu bnh Ni 025 (hoc my c chnh xc tng ng).Yu cu o c
ph thuc vo cp ng v thc hin theo cc iu 7.30; 7.31
7.29.4.- o di bng thc thp hoc thc si aming.
Kt hp o tng qut v o chi tit mt ln xc nh cc Km, cc Hm v
khong cch gia cc cc chi tit.
7.29.5.- o hnh ct ngang tuyn tt c cc cc chi tit v cc nh,c th o bng
thc ch A hoc bng my kinh v. Hng o phi vung gc vi tim
tuyn. cc nh o theo ng phn gic ca gc nh.
7.29.6.- to iu kin cho vic o c trc mt v tm tuyn sau ny cn:
(1) Pht tuyn rng ti thiu 1m v cuc li i rng 0.50m nh du tuyn.
(2) Chn cc cc nh v cc du nh bng cc vnh cu.
(3) V s ho v tr t mc cao theo mu h s thit k.

7.30.- i vi ng cc cp k thut 20-40-60 (v l cp qun l IV - V ), cng vic

o c c thc hin nh sau :
7.30.1.- o gc : cc gc nh o bng my kinh v THEO 020 (hoc my c
chnh xc tng ng), mi gc o 2 na vng o (thun v o knh) sai s
gia 2 vng o khng qu 1'. Ch s ho hng o trnh nhm ln.
7.30.2.- o cao bng my thu bnh Ni 025 (hoc my c chnh xc tng ng)
theo qui nh :

14
 - Cao c tng qut o 2 ln, mt ln i, mt ln v ring bit xc nh cao
mc, sai s khng c vt qu sai s cho php:
fh = 50 L
fh = sai s gia 2 lt o tnh bng mm.
L = khong cch gia 2 mc tnh bng km.
Cao mc ly theo h cao quc gia, c 40 - 50 km phi khp ni vo
mt im cao nh nc t hng III tr ln.
- o cao cc cc chi tit ch cn o mt lt v khp vo mc vi sai s khng
vt qu sai s cho php qui nh nh sau:
fh = 50 L
( ngha cc k hiu nh trn).
Mc cao c ca bc NCKT c bo v v lu gi cho cc bc kho st
tip theo s dng, khong cch gia 2 mc c th ly chn t 2km n 4km
bc tip theo khi cn t mc b sung c thun l.
7.30.3.- Cc tuyn di t 50 km tr ln cn xy dng li to hng IV vi khong
cch cc mc to ti a l 6km , ti thiu l 2km. Tuyn kho st phi mc
ni v iu chnh v tr tuyn theo li c th gn tuyn ln cc bn giao
thng v a hnh hin hnh.

7.31.- i vi ng lm mi c cp k thut 60 - 80 v thuc cp qun l I - II - III;

cng nh cc cp ca ng cao tc theo TCVN 5729-1997 (Ring ng
hin hu do Ch u t quyt nh c hoc khng kho st theo to ).
ng cc cp ny ch yu l cc trc l quan trng ca quc gia, cng trnh
ng c lin quan n qui hoch xy dng cng nh cc cng trnh dn dng
hin hu ca nhiu ngnh khc nh thu in , thu li v.v .. do vy bnh
cao tuyn ng phi gn vo h to X,Y, Z quc gia.
t c yu cu ny cn xy dng h thng li khng ch mt bng trn
ton tuyn gm:
- Li to hng IV,
- Li ng chuyn cp 2.
- Li cao hng IV.
- Li cao cp k thut.
7.32.- Li to hng IV c thc hin bng cng ngh GPS vi cc ch tiu
chnh xc trong h mt phng to Gauss qui nh trong Qui phm tm thi
ca Tng cc a chnh ban hnh nm 1996 (xem phn ph lc 6 )

7.33.- Li ng chuyn cp 2 (C2) c o c bng my ton c in t (Total

Station) v gng phn chiu c chn c nh.
Cc my ton c in t c chnh xc nh sau c s dng thit lp
li ng chuyn cp 2 :

15
 - chnh xc o gc : 5".
- chnh xc o di : ( 5mm+3ppm x D).

Cc thng s c bn ca h lui C2 c qui nh nh sau :

- chiu di cnh ca li khng nh hn 80 m v khng ln hn 350 m. Tt
nht l t 150m n 250m
- chnh xc o gc : m 5".
- chnh xc o cnh : ms/s 1: 8000.

- sai s khp tng i ng chuyn : fx2 + f y2 : [ S] 1: 5000

* fx : sai s khp gia s to theo trc x.

* fy : sai s khp gia s to theo trc y.
* S : chiu di gia 2 im GPS hng IV.
- sai s trung phng o gc 10"
- sai s khp phng v 20" n (n l s o gc)
- sai s v tr im 50mm

7.34.- Li khng ch cao hng IV c xy dng theo tiu chun cp nh nc.

Cc mc cao ny hoc xy dng c lp hoc s dng chung vi cc mc
to hng IV iu 7-32. Cc mc cao hng IV c tin hnh o c
theo phng php o cao hnh hc t gia v theo s dn to cao trn
ng di.
Sai s khp cao yu cu : fh 20 L (mm).
( L l chiu di ng o tnh bng km)

7.35.- Li cao cp k thut s dng h mc C2 v o c bng my o c

theo phng php o cao hnh hc t gia v theo s dn cao trn
ng di.
Sai s khp cao yu cu
chnh xc yu cu : * ng bng : 30 L (mm).
* Min ni : 50 L (mm).
( L l chiu di ng o tnh bng km. )
Trong trng hp a hnh qu dc (1km phi t >25 trm my ) th:
sai s khp cao cng khng c vt qu 10 n
(trong n l s trm my trong ng o)

16
c.- kho st cng trnh

7.36.- Nhim v ca kho st cng trnh l chn cc gii php thit k cho cng trnh
trn hng tuyn chn, iu tra cc cng trnh khc (dn dng, qun s...) c
lin quan n tuyn v thu thp cc s liu cho thit k lp BCNCKT.

7.37.- Nhng cng vic cn lm trong qu trnh kho st cng trnh:

7.37.1.- Thu thp nhng s liu cn thit cho vic la chn loi cng trnh v lp h
s cng trnh (cu-cng c bit, tng chn, hm...).
7.37.2.- S b xc nh s lng,v tr cu nh, cng v xc nh khu ca chng.

7.38.- Trong vic iu tra cng trnh c lin quan n tuyn cn ch :

7.38.1.- Thng k cc cng trnh ni v ngm trong phm vi t tim tuyn ra mi bn
t 20 m n 50m (tu theo cp tc thit k).
7.38.2.- Cc cng trnh dn dng ln nh trng hc, bnh vin, nh bu in, nh
ga, ca hng n... tuy nm ngoi phm vi quy nh ca 7.38.1 nhng trong
phm vi lp bnh tuyn u cn iu tra v th hin trn ti liu ny.

7.39.- Cng vi vic kho st thu thp cc ti liu, s liu cng trnh, cn thu thp
cc s liu cn thit khc cho vic lp BCNCKT nh:
7.39.1.- Cc s liu v kh nng cung cp VLXD (ti ch cng nh phi vn chuyn
t ni khc n).
7.39.2.- Cc s liu v m VLXD, c tnh tr lng, iu kin khai thc, phng thc
v c ly vn chuyn... Nu l m ang khai thc cn thu thp cc ti lin
quan n cht lng VLXD, nu l m cha khai thc cn ly mu thc
hin yu cu ny.
7.39.3.- Cc s liu phc v cho vic lp tng mc u t.
7.39.4.- Cc s liu phc cho vic lp thit k t chc thi cng.
7.39.5.- Cc kin ca chnh quyn a phng v cc ngnh c lin quan n tuyn
v hng tuyn, v cc on qua vng dn c...

d.- ti liu phi cung cp

Kt thc cng tc, n v kho st phi cung cp cc ti liu sau y:
(1).- Thuyt minh kho st tng hp v tng phng n vi cc ni dung v: tuyn
(bnh din, dc dc, dc ngang...), a cht cng trnh, a cht-thu vn, thu
vn cng trnh v thu vn dc tuyn, kh nng cung cp nguyn vt liu, iu
kin xy dng, u nhc im trong phc v, khai thc...
(2).- Cc ti liu v kho st o c tuyn, cng trnh theo cc phng n tuyn.
(3).- Bin bn nghim thu ti liu.
(4).- Cc bin bn lm vic vi a phng v c quan hu quan.
(5).- Bnh cao cc phng n tuyn t l 1:2.000-1:10.000

17
 (nh qui nh ca iu 7.26 ).
(6).- Hnh ct dc cc phng n tuyn t l 1:2.000-1:10.000 (ph hp t l bnh ).
(7).- Hnh ct ngang cc phng n tuyn t l 1:200 n 1:500 (a hnh ng bng
t l n 1 : 500 ; cc a hnh khc t l 1 : 200 ) .
(8).- Bng thng k to cc im kho st nu thchin iu 7.31

chng tm - kho st thy vn

A.- Yu cu kho st thu vn dc tuyn ng

8.1.- Nghin cu cc h s thu vn, a hnh, a cht dc tuyn thu thp c,

nh gi mc chnh xc v mc t m cc s liu, ti liu so vi yu
cu kho st trong bc NCKT lp k hoch kho st b sung hon chnh
cc ti liu thu vn cn thit.

8.2.- Lm vic vi a phng v cc c quan hu quan kim tra, chun ho li

cc s liu, ti liu thu thp c v b sung cc s liu cn thiu theo
nhim v v ni dung c t ra trong bc NCKT.

8.3.- i vi mi phng n tuyn, chia chiu di tuyn thnh nhng on c trng

v ch thu vn, a cht c lin quan ti vic quy nh cao khng ch,
chiu cao p nn ng ti thiu v cu to mt ct ngang. i vi cc on
tuyn c vn thu vn nh on tuyn i ven sng, ven h, ven bin, on
tuyn b nh hng ca cc cng trnh thu li, thu in, on tuyn qua vng
ng trng cn t chc cc t th st ti thc a c mi cc c quan lin quan,
cc cn b a phng cng i tham gia kin vo cc phng n tuyn v
ni dung cng thu thp cc s liu thu vn.

8.4.- Ni dung iu tra thu vn cc on tuyn c yu cu khng ch cao nn

ng m bo nn ng khng b ngp v ch thu nhit n nh l:
- iu tra mc nc cao nht, nm xut hin, s ngy xut hin v nguyn nhn
(do l ln, do ch vn hnh ca p hay l do thu triu v.v..).
- iu tra mc nc bnh thng v s ngy xut hin nc ng thng xuyn.

8.5.- Cng tc t chc iu tra mc nc quy nh nh sau:

- S im cn t chc iu tra: nu chiu di on tuyn cn iu tra nh hn 1
km th b tr 2 cm iu tra mc nc; nu chiu di on tuyn cn iu tra
ln hn 1 km th c cch khong 1km c mt cm iu tra mc nc.
- Mc nc phi c iu tra qua nhiu ngun v nhiu ngi khc nhau so
snh kt qu.
- Bin bn iu tra mc nc phi lp theo mu quy nh v c ch k ca ngi
i iu tra, ngi cung cp s liu v xc nhn ca c quan a phng.

18
 - Cao mc nc iu tra phi c o bng my kinh v hay my thu bnh v
thng nht cng mt mc cao c s dng cho tuyn ng thit k.

8.6.- Trn bn thit k cc phng n tuyn v ng ranh gii cc lu vc t

nc, ranh gii cc vng b ngp, vng c ch thu vn c bit, k hiu
din tch lu vc.

8.7.- H s kho st thu vn dc tuyn :

- i vi mi phng n tuyn, lp bo co thuyt minh v iu kin a hnh,
a cht, cy c, kh tng thu vn, ch sng ngi, s nh hng ca cc
cng trnh thu li, thu in hin ti v d kin trong quy hoch tng lai ti
cao khng ch nn ng v s lm vic ca cc cng trnh thot nc.
Cung cp cc s liu khng ch v thu vn i vi cao thit k nn ng
nh mc nc cao nht, mc nc ng thng xuyn, thi gian ngp .vv...
- Bn cc phng n tuyn c v ng ranh gii lu vc t nc, ranh gii
cc vng b ngp v c nh du cc cm nc iu tra mc nc.
- Trn trc dc tuyn, v ng mc nc iu tra v nh du v tr cc cm
nc iu tra.
- Cc ti liu, s liu thu thp qua sch v, cc ti liu lu tr, cc ti liu do c
quan a phng v c quan hu quan cung cp; cc vn bn lm vic vi c
quan hu quan.
- Cc bin bn iu tra mc nc qua nhn dn (xem mu ph lc 3.1).
- Cc s o c.

B. i vi cng trnh thot nc nh

8.8.- Theo cc phng n tuyn c la chn, kim tra li v b sung nhng v tr

s b tr cc cng trnh thot nc cng, cu nh. Trn bn v bnh v trc
dc tuyn, nh du cc v tr cng trnh thot nc v da vo bn a hnh
khoanh kh vc t nc cho mi cng trnh mt cc chnh xc v k hiu cc
lu vc.

8.9.- Xc nh trn bn (c v cc phng n tuyn v v tr cng trnh thot nc)

cc c trng thu vn v a hnh ca sui chnh, sui nhnh, sn dc lu vc
theo phng php v nhng quy nh nh gii thiu trong cc iu 3.7 n
3.9 ca bc nghin cu tin kh thi: chiu di sui chnh, chiu di sui nhnh,
dc sui chnh, dc trung bnh sn dc lu vc, dc lng sui ti v tr
cng trnh thot nc, din tch m ao h.

8.10.- Tin hnh i chiu kt qu khoanh khu t nc, kt qu xc nh cc c

trng ca lu vc, ca sui xc nh trn bn vi tnh hnh thc t ngoi thc
a sa cha nhng sai st v b sung nhng phn thiu khng c trn bn
. Trong trng hp cn thit s tin hnh iu tra, o c b sung ti thc
a.

19
8.11.- i vi mi lu vc tnh ton lu lng thit k cng trnh thot nc nh cn
tin hnh kho st thc i cc c trng a mo ca lng sui v b mt sn
dc.

8.12.- i vi sui chnh: c trng a mo ca sui chnh c kho st t ni sui

hnh thnh r rng cho ti v tr cng trnh thot nc v nh gi c trng
trung bnh ca sui v i chiu vi bng 3.5.3, ph lc 3.5 xc nh h s
nhm (h s cn) lng sui. Theo cc quy nh ca Tiu chun tnh ton lu
lng dng chy l hin ti (22TCN 220-95), h s nhm lng sui c xc
nh cn c vo c trng ca lng sui v dng chy. Khi kho st, iu tra
cc c trng ca sng, sui cn thuyt minh cc c trng sau y v lp
bng tng hp (mu ph lc 3.3).
(1).- Chiu rng sng, sui v ma l v ma cn ti v tr cng trnh thot nc
(o trn bnh , trc dc ng hoc o ti thc a).
(2).- Sng,sui ng bng hay vng ni.
(3).- Sng, sui c bi hay sng, sui khng c bi, lng sng, sui sch hay c
nhiu c mc hay c nhiu cn dng chy.
(4).- ng knh ht kt cu lng v bi sng, sui (nu c).
(5).- V ma l nc trong hay c cun theo bn ct, cui si, mc bn ct
tri nhiu hay t.
(6).- Ch chy tng i thun li, m hay khng m.
(7).- Sng, sui c nc chy thng xuyn hay c tnh chu k ch c nc chy
v ma l.
i vi sui nhnh ni chung khng c yu cu kho st cc c trng a
mo ca lng sui.

8.13.- i vi sn dc lu vc: c trng a mo ca sn dc c kho st trn

ton b b mt sn dc xc nh h s nhm (h s cn) dng chy theo
bng 3.5.1 v 3.5.2 ca ph lc 3.5. Khi kho st, iu tra cn thuyt minh cc
c trng sau y :
(1).- Tnh hnh cy, c ph b mt lu vc: tha, trung bnh hay rm rp; loi cy
c ph b mt lu vc;
(2).- Cu to v c im b mt lu vc: mt t b cy xi hay khng b cy xi;
bng phng hay c nhiu g ng li lm; mt t c san phng, ln cht
hay c x l bng cc loi btng xi mng, btng nha, lt hay mt
t trng thi t nhin.
(3).- T l din tch nh ca chim trn lu vc.
(4).- Din tch h ao, m ly trong lu vc v xc nh s phn b ca chung
(na phn trn, na phn di hay phn gia lu vc).
Din tch h ao m ly, nh ca chim lu vc c th xc nh trn bn
hoc bng th st, c tnh khng yu cu o c chnh xc ti thc a.

20
 (5).- Cu to t ph lu vc: Trn b mt lu vc chn t 3 n 4 v tr in hnh
v mi v tr ly mu t su 0,2 -:- 0,3m di lp c xc nh cp t
theo cch phn loi di y hoc theo bng 3.5.1 ca ph lc 3.5 c kt
qu v cng thm ca t.

8.14.- iu tra mc nc :
- Mc nc l cao nht, nh, ba, v cc nm xut hin cc mc nc l iu tra.
- Mc nc l trung bnh.
- Mc nc v ma cn.
- iu tra ch l (thi gian l v, l rt, vt tri, tc nc chy, din bin
xi bi lng sui, b sui khu vc cng trnh; quan h gia mc nc v lu
lng ca trm thu vn (nu c).
Khi iu tra mc nc phi tun theo cc quy nh ch dn iu 8.5 - p
dng i vi tuyn ng v cc ch dn ph lc 3.2.

8.15.- o v mt ct ngang ca sui ti cng trnh thot nc v mt ct ngang

ng ti v tr cng:
Mt ct ca sui ti cng trnh thot nc c v da vo ti liu cao c tim
ng ti cng trnh nu c cc s liu o ti cc cc a hnh mt ct
ngang lng sui. Trng hp ngc li phi tin hnh o c ti thc a.
Mt ct ngang ca sui ti cng trnh thot nc c v theo t l 1/100
1/200 c ghi cao mc nc iu tra.

8.16.- Kho st thu vn nhng cng trnh c ch thu vn c bit.

- i vi cc cng trnh thot nc c ch thu vn c bit cng cn phi
kho st iu tra nh hng dn iu 8.13 v 8.14. Ngoi ra cn b sung
thm ch thu vn c bit.
- i vi sng chu nh hng nc dnh t sng khc hay nh hng ca thu
triu.
Xc nh mc nc dnh cao nht, tc nc sng dng cao v tc
mc nc rt trong mt gi hay mt ngy khi nc ln v khi nc xung.
Phm vi nh hng ca nc dnh t pha h lu cng trnh, o khong cch
t v tr cng trnh n cui phm vi dnh xa nht trn bn .
- i vi cng trnh thot nc nm thng lu hay h lu cc p nc:
* Xc nh khong cch t v tr p n v tr cng trnh.
* Thu thp cc s liu, ti liu cc c quan thit k v qun l khai thc
p v cu to, cao nh p, mc nc v tn sut thit k, ch vn
hnh.
* Tnh hnh xi, bi lng sng trc v sau khi xy dng p v kh nng
nh hng ca chng ti cng trnh cu, cng trn ng.
* i vi cc cng trnh thot nc ct qua knh, mng thu li.

21
 * Lin h vi cc c quan thit k v qun l knh mng thu thp cc ti
liu sau: mt ct ngang knh mng, mc nc, lu lng thit k, mc
nc cao nht, mc nc bnh thng, tc nc chy, bnh tuyn
mng vng v tr cng trnh thot nc nu ng ct qua mng.
Nu cc c quan hu quan khng c y cc ti liu ni trn th phi kho
st o c ti thc a.

8.17.- o c a hnh v o v bnh khu vc cng trnh thot nc ch tin hnh

i vi cc cng trnh c bit v khi c yu cu ca c quan thit k (xem
iu 13.10- phn thit k k thut).

8.18.- H s kho st thu vn cng trnh thot nc nh.

- i vi mi phng n tuyn lp bo co thuyt minh v tnh hnh kho st,
o c, iu tra thu vn v a hnh cng trnh thot nc. Cung cp y
cc s liu phc v tnh ton lu lng, khu cng trnh thot nc.
- Cc vn bn lm vic i vi a phng v c quan hu quan; cc ti liu, s
liu thu thp v ch thu vn sng thit k, v cc cng trnh , p,
knh mng ca thu li, cc cng trnh thot nc hin s dng gn tuyn
ng thit k.
- Cc s liu, ti liu o c, kho st b sung ti thc a ti cc v tr cng
trnh thot nc.
- Bn khoanh lu vc t nc v cc cng trnh thot nc c ch r v tr
cng trnh, s phn b h ao m ly, phm vi nh hng nc dnh do thu
triu, do sng khc hay do p nc (nu c); cc lu vc phi c k hiu
theo th t 1,2...
- Bin bn iu tra mc nc (xem mu ph lc 3.2 ).
- Cc bn tng hp iu tra mc nc dc tuyn v mc nc ti cng trnh
thot nc (ph lc 3.2), c trng a mo, a hnh lng sui (ph lc 3.3),
c trng a mo, a hnh lu vc (ph lc 3.4).
CHNG chn - KHO ST a cht cng trnh
9.1.- Kho st CCT lp BCNCKT phi c tin hnh trn tt c cc phng n
xut, trong cn tp trung vo phng n kin ngh kh thi nht. Khi lng
ca cng tc kho st CCT sau y l n inh cho phng n kin ngh nh
ni trn. Cn i vi phng n ph th cn cn nhc gim bt cho ph
hp (xem hng dn Ph lc 4 ).

A.- Kho st a cht cng trnh (CCT) cho nn ng

A1.- Loi nn ng thng thng

9.2.- iu tra o v CCT nn ng thng thng c tin hnh trn di bng

rng v mi bn 25-50 mt trn bn a hnh t 1/2.000 n 1/10.000. Ni
dung iu tra o v cn c th hin trn bn t l ni trn.

22
9.3.- Cng tc thm d CCT c tin hnh nh sau:
- i vi nn ng p l tuyn ng lm mi , c 1km b tr ti thiu mt l
khoan su t 5 n 7 mt. Trong trng hp iu kin CCT phc tp th c ly
l khoan c th gim, c th do Ch nhim nghip v xut vi ch u t
c quyt nh sao cho ph hp.
- i vi nn ng o: Ti nhng khu vc c iu kin CCT n gin
th c cch 2 km b tr 1 l khoan su trung bnh 5 mt. Chiu su ny c
th thay i tu thuc vo chiu dy ca tng ph. Ti khu vc c iu kin
CCT phc tp th c ly ny c th ngn hn. Trong tt c cc trng hp
cn phi nh gi mc kin c ca tng c bn c c s thit k
mi dc nn o cho ph hp.

A2.- Loi nn ng c bit

9.4.- Nn ng c bit l nn ng c t yu. Sau khi tin hnh khoan thng

thng m pht hin t yu th tin hnh khoanh vng v b tr l khoan trn
tim tuyn vi khong cch t 250 n 500 mt (nu cn thit c th b xung
im thm d nh : ct cnh, xuyn v.v..nhng khng ly mu th nghim).
Khng khoan trn mt ct ngang.

9.5.- Khi kho st nn ng o hoc p m gp cc hin tng a cht ng lc

(CL) cn b sung mt khi lng l khoan sao cho thch hp v c ti liu
nh gi nh hng xu ca chng ti iu kin n nh ca tuyn. Quy trnh
ny khng quy nh c th, khi lng b sung do Ch nhim nghip v quyt
nh. Cn kt hp khoan vi cc phng php th nghim hin trng nh xuyn
tnh, ct cnh. Khi lng c th s do Thit k ngh v c Ch u t
chp thun.

B.- Kho st CCT cho cng

9.6.- Giai on ny khng tin hnh kho st CCT cho cng. Cn tn dng cc ti
liu kho st CCT nn ng p dng cho cng. V vy khi b tr cc l khoan
nn ng lm sao kt hp vi cc v tr cng c th tn dng cc ti liu
ny.Khi lp mt ct dc CCT cho tuyn cn ch trng cc v tr cng v trong
bo co CCT, khi thuyt minh theo Km cn ch trong nh gi iu kin
CCT ti cc v tr cng xem nh n c ni suy t cc ti liu CCT ca nn
ng.

C.- Kho st CCT cho cu nh

9.7.- i vi mi mt cu nh, cn b tr 2 l khoan ti hai v tr m cu. su l

khoan n tng t cng (khong t 15 n 30 mt tu thuc vo mc phc

23
 tp ca a tng). Trong trng hp l r rng th ch cn iu tra o v kt
hp vi cc dng c n gin xc nh cao mt v cc yu t khc v
ly mu t v.v...Ton b cng tc ny phi cung cp cho thit k lp
DAKT.

D.- Kho st CCT cho cu trung v cu ln

9.8.- i vi mi mt cu trung, cn b tr 3 l khoan (kt hp vi SPT). V tr ca cc

l khoan ny phi chia u trn mt ct ngang sng. Trong trng hp iu
kin CCT hai bn b khc nhau nhiu th c th b tr l khoan lch i v s
do K s Ch nhim nghip v quyt nh. su l khoan t 20 n 40 mt v
phi ti tng chu lc hoc khoan vo tng c bn t 3 n 5 mt.

9.9.- Tng chu lc y c nh ngha l tng t c N=50. Cng c th xc nh

tng chu lc l ct ln cui si, cui si, tng, hoc cc loi t dnh trng
thi do cng, na cng hoc cng. i vi mi mt cu ln cn b tr 3 l
khoan ( Kt hp SPT) trn mt ct ngang sng ti phng n kin ngh. V tr l
khoan cng c quy nh nh i vi cu trung. i vi cc phng n so
snh khc th tu thuc vo iu kin CCT m b tr l khoan.sao cho c
ti liu so snh. su l khoan cho cng trnh cu ln t 30 n 50 mt, c
bit n 90 mt tu thuc vo iu kin CCT khu vc. Cc iu kin cn v
kt thc l khoan cng c quy inh nh i vi cu trung.

e.- Kho st CCT ni c hin tng a cht ng lc (CL)

9.10.- Trong giai on ny khng tin hnh kho st CCT ti cc v tr c cc hin

tng CL. nh gi iu kin n inh ca tuyn cng nh tm hiu
bn cht ca cc hin tng ny cn kt hp cc l khoan tuyn vi iu tra
o v CCT v c n nh trong cc khi lng kho st cc hng mc
cng trnh t iu 9.2 n iu 9.9.
G.-Kho st CCT cc m vt liu xy dng (VLXD)

9.11.- Tu theo chiu di tuyn cng nh quy m ca cng trnh m n inh s lng
cc m VLXD cn kho st. Cn phn chia ra hai loi m: m ang khai thc
v m cha khai thc. Cc m VLXD gm: m , m ct si, m t p
c s dng cho tt c cc i tng.xy dng.

9.12.- i vi m VLXD khai thc th cn xc inh v tr, c ly ca m so vi tuyn,

quy m khai thc, iu kin trang thit b, kh nng cung cp, gi thnh, cht
lng, tr lng. Ton b cc s liu ni trn cn th hin trong cc vn bn
hp thc.
- i vi cc m VLXD cha khai thc th cn s ho v tr m VLXD (hoc lp
bnh v tr m), xc nh c ly vn chuyn, tr lng, cht lng cn c vo
kt qu th nghim mu. Ti mi v tr m ly 1 mu ,t p hoc ct si.

24
 Ton b kt qu kho st cn c th hin trong h s kho st VLXD.

h.- ly mu v th nghim t

9.13.- i vi nn ng, tu theo tnh cht nguyn dng v tnh ng nht ca t

cn th nghim vi mt khi lng mu cho cng tc chnh l ti liu. Cc
ch tiu c-l cn xc nh gm: m (W%),thnh phn ht (p%), dung trng
thin nhin (), t trng (), cc gii hn chy, gc ma st trong (), lc dnh
(C), h s nn ln (a), h s c kt (Cv);gc ngh khi kh v t ca ct, h s
rng nh nht v ln nht ca ct,cc ch tiu dn xut cn li tnh ton t cc
ch tiu th nghim.
- i vi cu, cn tn dng s lng mu ly c tin hnh th nghim vi
cc ch tiu nh i vi nn ng v b sung th nghim SPT i vi cu
trung v cu ln.
- i vi VLXD cn th nghim cc ch tiu sau:
- i vi t p v ct cui si: W%, P%, , cc gii hn chy, m nn (c
max, c min ), CBR.
i vi : thnh phn thch hc, dung trng, t trng, cng nn cc hn
khi kh v t, h s ho mm, dnh bm, mi mn Los Angeles,
Soundness.
I.- chnh l v lp h s kho st

9.14.- + Chnh l v thng k cc ch tiu c l ca t thc hin theo Quy trnh hin
hnh.
+ H s kho st gm: hnh tr l khoan, cc mt ct CCT ngang v dc, cc
ti liu thng k ch tiu c-l theo lp, thuyt minh CCT theo Km v thuyt
minh tng hp.
Hnh thc v ni dung h s cn tun th theo H s mu hin hnh.

chng mi - iu tra kinh t

10.1.- Mc ch ca iu tra kinh t l thu thp cc ti liu lin quan lm c s cho

vic :
- D bo nhu cu vn ti ca d n;
- nh gi tnh kh thi ca d n;
- Chn cp ng v cc tiu chun k thut ch yu ca tuyn ng thit k;
- Lun chng v trnh t xy dng hoc phn k u t ph hp vi nhu cu vn
ti;
- nh gi hiu qu kinh t v hiu qu ti chnh ca d n;

10.2.- Cng tc iu tra kinh t bao gm cc phn vic sau y :

25
10.2.1.- iu tra hin trng KT-XH v hin trng vn ti :
(1).- Xc nh vng hp dn ca d n ( hay vng iu tra kinh t );
(2).- Thu thp s liu nh gi cc hot ng kinh t ca vng hp dn trn
phm vi :
- ton quc,
- cc tiu vng c tuyn i qua,
- cc tnh c tuyn i qua,
(vi cc d n c qui m va v nh - tnh l, huyn l - phm vi thu thp s
liu ch gii hn n tiu vng hoc n tnh ).
Ni dung thu thp v nh gi s liu vi thi gian t nht l 5 nm lin tip
ca qu kh k t nm gc (nm gc l nm tin hnh kho st).
10.2.2.- iu tra, thu thp cc ch tiu dn sinh, kinh t v m ca c nc, cc tiu
vng, cc tnh :
- dn s,
- lao ng,
- GDP v nhp tng trng,
- c cu GDP,
- GDP / ngi,
- gi tr kim ngch xut khu, (GTKNXK).
- GTKNXK / ngi,
10.2.3. - iu tra cc hot ng ca cc ngnh kinh t ch yu :
- nng, lm, nh nghip,
- cng nghip, xy dng,
- dch v, thng mi,
10.2.4. - iu tra v nh gi tnh hnh cc hot ng vn ti trong vng hp dn
ca d n :
- vn ti ng b,
- vn ti ng st,
- vn ti ng sng, ng bin,
- vn ti ng hng khng,
10.2.5.- iu tra nhng cn tr chnh nh hng n nng lc vn ti ng b trong
vng nghin cu (thiu ng, hng ng hin hu khng hp l, cht
lung ung km....).
10.2.6.- iu tra, thu thp ti liu, s liu v nh hng pht trin KT-XH theo cc
giai on 10 nm, 20 nm tng lai (nm gc l nm d kin a ng vo
khai thc ).
(1). - nh hng pht trin KT-XH cn iu tra trn phm vi :

26
 - c nc,
- cc tiu vng,
- cc tnh.
(2).- Cc ch tiu kinh t v m ca :
- c nc,
- cc tiu vng,
- cc tnh,
(vi cc d n nh, phm vi iu tra cng theo nh qui nh mc 10.2.1).

10.2.7.- iu tra v thu thp cc loi chi ph tnh li ch ca d n :

- chi ph thi gian ca hnh khch theo loi xe HK s dng : xe con, xe but, xe
my,
- chi ph thi gian ca xe c gii cc loi (xe my, xe con, xe but, xe ti,).
- chi ph vn hnh xe (VOC) ca xe c gii cc loi (xe my, xe con, xe but,
xe ti,).
Gi tr cc chi ph iu tra c xc nh vi ng khi cha c v khi c
d n.
10.2.8.- iu tra gi cc vn ti hnh khch v hng ho ca cc loi hnh vn ti
trong vng nghin cu ca d n; ring cc gi cc vn ti ng sng,
ng bin, ng hng khng ch iu tra khi cc loi hnh vn ti ny c
lin quan n d n.
10.2.9.- i vi cc d n ci to, nng cp ng hin hu cn kho st c cc
s liu sau :
- lu lng xe cc loi ca nm hin ti tc nm ang tin hnh kho st,
- lu lng xe cc loi ca cc nm qu kh,
- tnh hnh tai nn giao thng ca nm hin ti v cc nm qu kh.

10.3.- Kt thc cng tc iu tra kinh t phi cung cp cc ti liu sau:

(1).- Bn thuyt minh tng qut v tnh hnh thc hin nhim v iu tra kinh t.
(2).- Cc ti liu, s liu, v hin trng KT-XH v hin trng vn ti.
(3).- Cc s liu v ch tiu kinh t v m v cc hot ng ca cc ngnh kinh
t ch yu.
(4).- Cc hot ng vn ti trn tuyn.(st, thu, b, hng khng).
(5).- Cc qui hoch, nh hng pht trin KT-XH ca cc nm tng lai.
(6).- Cc s liu v lu lng xe, cc s liu v tai nn giao thng.
(7).- Gi cc vn ti.
(8).- Cc chi ph vn hnh xe, chi ph thi gian hnh khch v xe.

27
 chng mi mt - kho st mi trng

11.1.- Mc ch ca cng tc kho st mi trng bc NCKT l phn tch, nh gi

hin trng, ti nguyn mi tring ca khu vc c tuyn i qua, t rt ra
c cc c trng ca hin trng mi trng, ng thi cng xc nh r cc
v tr nhy cm mi trng trn ton d n.

11.2.- Cng tc thu thp s liu

11.2.1.- Thu thp cc qui hoch pht trin KT-XH ca cc tnh c lin quan n d n
(nu c cc s liu ny bc NCTKT th chun xc li cc kt qu
thu thp c ).
11.2.2.- Thu thp cc bn , ti liu, v cc n thit k ca d n.
11.2.3.- Thu thp ti liu cc ngnh (in lc, thu li, bo tng, bo tn, a cht, kh
tng, thu vn...) lin quan n d n.
11.2.4.- Thu thp cc thng tin v mi trng cc S KHCN v MT ca cc tnh lin
quan n d n.

11.3.- Cng tc iu tra hin trng

11.3.1.- c im iu kin t nhin vng c d n gm :
- c im t ai v thc trng s dng t ai,
- c im a hnh,
- c im kh hu,
- c im thu vn,
- ngun ti nguyn khong sn v vt liu xy dng,
11.3.2.- Hin trng giao thng cc tuyn ng dc theo d n.
11.3.3.- Cc khu di tch lch s, cc danh lam thng cnh, cc khu rng quc gia.
11.3.4.- Thc trng h ng, thc vt (c trn cn v di nc)
11.3.5.- Hin trng thnh phn dn c v cc hot ng kinh t ca dn c.

11.4.- Cng tc kho st o c hin trng

11.4.1.- V tr o c
c s liu v hin trng mi trng cho d n cn th st dc tuyn b
tr cc im kho st mi trng vi khong cch 30-40 km mt v tr.
11.4.2.- Ti mi v tr kho st cn o c c cc tham s v cht lng mi
trng khi cha thc hin d n.
(1).- Cht lng mi trng khng kh vi cc ch tiu cn o c
- nng bi,

28
 - nng cc kh CO , NO2, SO2, Pb, TSP.
(2).- Mc n hin trng
Quan trc thc t mc n ti cc im kho st trong khong thi gian t
8h n 16h vi khong cch 2h/ln quan trc.
(3).- Tc ng ca rung
o c xc nh mc rung ng trn ng khi c cc hot ng ca
cc phung tin giao thng.
(4).- Cht lung nc
C 2 loi nc cn ly mu xc nh cht lng nc l :
- nc mt,
- nc ngm.
Kt qu cht lng nc c xc nh qua th nghim vi s lng ch tiu
theo yu cu ca Tiu chun Mi trng Vit nam.
(5).- iu kin kh hu.-
Cc ch tiu cn kho st gm :
- hng gi,
- tc gi,
- nhit ,
- m.
Thi gian o 4 ln trong ngy t 8h n 14 h.

11.5.- H s kho st mi trng phi np gm c :

(1).- Cc ti liu cn thu thp c xc nh iu 11.2.
(2).- Cc ti liu cn iu tra c nu iu 11.3.
(3).- Cc ti liu kho st, kt qu o c, th nghim ca hin trng cht lng
mi trng v khng kh, n, rung, cht lung nc, v iu kin kh
hu.
(4).- Bo co tng hp v kt qu thu thp, iu tra, o c, v c kt lun v
hin trng mi trng vng c d n.

phn th t

kho st lp thit k k thut

(v tkkt thi cng)

chng mi hai - kho st tuyn

29
12.1.- Nhim v ca kho st lp thit k k l thu thp cc s liu cn thit
lp thit k k thut v d ton.
Kho st k thut tin hnh trn c s Bo co nghin cu kh thi c
duyt.
Nhng cng vic tin hnh trong bc ny gm:
(a) Cng tc chun b.
(b) Cng tc kho st tuyn.
(c) Kho st tuyn qua cc khu vc c bit.
(d) Kho st cc cng trnh lin quan n tuyn.
(e) Kho st cc cng trnh thot nc nh.
(g) Thu thp cc s liu lp thit k t chc thi cng v d ton.
(h) Lp cc vn bn tho thun cn thit.
(i) Lp h s, ti liu kho st.

a.- chun b

12.2.- Ni dung cng tc chun b gm:

(1) Nghin cu k bo co NCKT c duyt v quyt nh ph duyt nhim
v u t ca d n,nghin cu cc ti liu kho st trc v cp nht
y nhng s liu mi pht sinh t cc quy hoch ca trung ng v a
phng lin quan n tuyn ng.
(2) Tm hiu v nm li cc ti liu v h to , h cao , v kh tng, thu
vn, a cht, v cp sng v tnh hnh cng trnh c (nu c).
(3) Lp k hoch trin khai.

b.- kho st tuyn qua khu khu vc thng thng

12.3.- Khi kho st k thut chi tit tuyn cn lm nhng cng vic sau :
(1) Nghin cu k tuyn c duyt bc bo co NCKT, chnh l nhng
on xt thy cn thit.
(2) Xc nh v cng c tuyn ti thc a: phng tuyn, o gc, ng cong, ri
cc chi tit, o di. (Qa trnh o c ny phi mc ni v bnh sai vi ng
chuyn cp 2 c trn dc tuyn, nu c).
(3 Cao c.
(4) Lp bnh nhng khu vc c bit.
(5) Thu thp cc s liu thu vn thit k thot nc.

30
 (6) iu tra a cht dc tuyn
(7) iu tra c bit cc khu vc c a cht nn mng xu.
(8) iu tra chi tit a cht v a cht thu vn nhng on c th lm mt n
nh nn ng ( xi l, st trt, ri, cc-t,dng bn v.v... ).
(9) Thu thp nhng s liu thit k cng v cu nh.
(10) Thm d, o c, thu thp s liu v cc m vt liu, cc ngun vt liu cn
cho vic xy dng cng trnh cu ng xut trong bc kho st trc
cng nh cc m, cc ngun vt liu mi pht hin.
(11) Thu thp cc s liu v n gi vt liu xy dng, v thit b xy dng... v
thi tit, kh hu lp thit k t chc thi cng v d ton.
(12) Ly kin tho thun ca chnh quyn v cc c quan a phng v tuyn
v cc gii php thit k.

12.4.- Trc khi bt u o c cn i chiu k tuyn thit k trn bnh v trc

dc vi thc a, xem xt cc im khng ch v v tr cc nh, xut chnh
l nu thy cn thit.

12.5.- Khi phng tuyn da vo cc nh nh v trn thc a bc NCKT, sa

li v tr cc nh nu thy khng hp l.
Sau khi c nh c cc nh, tin hnh ng cc cc du cc nh. Cc
cc du ny phi nm ngoi phm vi thi cng v to thnh vi cc nh mt
hnh tam gic. Phi o cc yu t v cnh v gc ca tam gic ny, ng thi
phi o gc mu gia tam gic vi tuyn. Tam gic du nh phi v v ghi
y cc s liu ln bnh tuyn.
Vi cc tuyn ng c lp li khng ch mt bng v cao th cc nh
ca tuyn phi c thit lp t cc im mc C2. H ng sn cc nh
tuyn ny phi c o c, bnh sai t li C2 vi hai cnh gc l cnh ca
li C2. Chiu di ca ng n khng ly vt qu 2km vi t l o v
1/2000 v khng vt qu 4km vi t l 1/5000. chnh xc yu cu nh
sau:
- sai s khp tng i: 1/ 2000
- sai s khp phng v: 30" n (n l s o gc)
- sai s v tr im : 100mm

12.6.- o gc nh phi o bng my kinh v THEO 020 (hoc my c chnh xc

tng ng) mi gc o 2 na vng o thun v o knh, sai s gia 2 vng
o khng qu 30 ".

12.7.- ng cong: Phi ng cong tt c cc nh theo quy nh ca Quy trnh thit

k. Tr s ca bn knh dng ng cong da theo s liu thit k trn ti liu
bnh ca bc NCKT, trng hp cn thit c th thay i cho ph hp vi
a hnh,nhng phi t c tiu chun quy nh ca cp ng .

31
 Khi thc hin TKKT ch cn ng cc cc ch yu ca ng cong: tip u
(T), tip cui (TC), phn gic (PG)-vi ng cong trn n -, thm cc cc
ni u (N), ni cui (NC) - vi ng cong c ng cong chuyn tip -.
Khi thc hin TKKTTC ngoi cc cc ch yu nh nu trn cn phi ng cc
cc chi tit ca ng cong vi khong cch cc cc l 20 m.

12.8.- Cc cc chi tit ng trn ng thng c mc ch phn nh a hnh v

lm ti liu tnh khi lng nn ng. Khi lp TKKT khong cch gia cc cc
khng ln hn 40 m vi a hnh ng bng v i thp, 20m vi a hnh ni
kh. Khi lp TKKTTC khong cch ny khng ln hn 20m vi a hnh ng
bng v i thp, 10m - 20m i vi a hnh ni kh ng thi kt hp cc
thay i a hnh.

12.9.- o cao phi o 2 ln, mt ln o tng qut t mc v mt ln o chi tit.

T cc mc cao c ca bc NCKT, b sung thm cc mc mi m bo
khong cch c c ln mi l t 1-2 km c mt mc. V tr mc c t gn
cc cng trnh cu, cng v nhng ni c nn ng o su, p cao...
Sai s o tng qut t mc tnh theo cng thc:
fh = 30 L
o chi tit mt ln khp vo mc vi sai s tnh theo cng thc:
fh = 50 L
(fh = sai s gia 2 lt o tnh bng mm )
( L = khong cch gia 2 mc tnh bng km )
( tr s o cc cc chi tit phi c 2 ln, sai s 2 ln c khng qu 10 mm)
Vi cc tuyn ng c lp li khng ch mt bng v cao th khng t
cc mc cao v o cao tng qut.

12.10.- o di phi o 2 ln bng thc thp hoc thc si aming, o tng qut
ng cc Hm v cc Km, o chi tit xc nh khong cch cc cc chi tit.
o tng qut phi o 2 ln, sai s gia 2 ln o theo quy nh:
fl = 1/1000 L
o chi tit 1 ln khp vo cc Hm, Km theo sai s:
fl = 1/500 L
fl l sai s cho php tnh bng mt.
L l chiu di o c tnh bng mt.
Khi o di phi o trn mt phng ngang,nu ko thc st mt t th phi
iu chnh c ly o vi dc mt thnh c ly ngang.
o di qua thung lng su hoc qua sng rng dng phng php lng gic.
Ghi ch: i vi cc n v c trang b my ton c in t c th s dng
thit b ny o cao, o di,nu xt thy cn thit.

32
 Vi cc tuyn ng c li khng ch mt bng th bc o di tng qut
phi tun th nh iu 12.5

12.11.- o mt ct ngang c th dng thc ch A,my kinh v my thu bnh.Phm

vi o c ti thiu phi m bo gii hn thit k khun nn ng (o hoc
p) v cc cng trnh lin quan n ng cng nh gii hn gii phng mt
bng.
Hng o phi vung gc vi tim tuyn ng, trong ng cong theo ng
hng tm.

c.- kho st tuyn qua khu vc c bit

12.12.- nhng ni cn thit k cng trnh c bit phi lp bnh cao t l

1/500-1/1000, c bit 1/200, ng ng mc 0.50-1.00m.T l bnh ln,
nh tu thuc mc phc tp ca a hnh v yu cu ca cng trnh thit
k.

12.13.- Nhng ni cn lp bnh cao :

+ on st trt.
+ on b si l.
+ on dc nng c bn knh ti thiu.
+ on cn thit k rnh nh.
+ khu vc tuyn thit k giao ct (hoc giao nhp) vi cc ng khc.
+ khu vc khe si ang hot ng.
+ khu vc c nn phng vt (tc khu vc to bn tri).
+ on phi thit k ng cong con rn.
+ on qua vng cc-t (hang ng).
+ on qua vng m ly cn thit k c bit.

12.14.- Tu theo c im ca a hnh v khi lng cng vic cn lp bnh cao

m c th s dng cc thit b o c khc nhau. Chn loi thit b o c
no tu thuc vo gi thnh, thi hn v my mc sn c.

12.15.- Trn bnh cao on giao nhau (c ct v nhp) vi ng st cng nh

ng t khc cn ghi y nhng chi tit cn thit nh gc hp thnh
gia tim tuyn ca 2 ng, cc yu t ca nn ng st, nn ng t,
cao vai ng, cao nh ray v.v... Phm vi lp bnh phi gii
quyt cc ni dung thit k (nu c iu kin nn chp nh khu vc nt
giao).

33
12.16.- i vi nhng on qua vng st, trt, l, ngoi vic lp bnh cao cn
ch :
+ cc iu kin lm sn ni mt n nh (a cht, a cht - thu vn ..).
+ xc nh phng n vng trnh hp l.
+ thu thp cc s liu xc nh loi cng trnh v khi lng cn thit m
bo xe chy an ton v lin tc trn sn ni khng n nh (vic pht
hin cc sn ni khng n nh ch yu da vo quan st ti ch v
nghin cu b mt t nhin, i khi da vo khoan o).

12.17.- Khi tuyn ct qua dng bn c th chn mt trong cc gii php sau:
+ t tuyn pha trn nn phng vt.
+ t tuyn pha di nn phng vt (chn phn tng i thoi ca nn).
+ i bng hm di nn phng vt.
Chn gii php no tu thuc vo cp ng v kt qu so snh kinh t-k
thut.

12.18.- Khi tuyn i qua vng c hin tng cc-xt ang pht trin nn nghin cu
phng n trnh. Trng hp bt buc phi i qua, cn iu tra nghin cu v
m t k ng thi c nhng kin ngh v gii php k thut cn thit.

12.19.- Khi tuyn qua vng t cha mui phi nghin cu k t nn cng nh t
dng p nn c th kt lun kh nng s dng.
Trng hp lm mt ng c dng cht dnh kt hu c cn nghin cu k
thnh phn ho hc mui qua xem xt kh nng n mn ca t mui
i vi mt ng nhm kt lun: dng hoc khng dng loi t ny.

12.20.- Khi tuyn qua vng ct bay cn c bit ch n c im t nhin ca

vng. Ni chung nn trnh cho tuyn qua vng ct ang di ng, nhng khi
bt buc th cn phi qua nghin cu k hng gi thnh hnh v mc gi, tnh
cht cu to ca ct, trn c s c gii php thch hp nh: tn cao nn
ng, trng cy chn gi.

12.21.- Khi tuyn qua vng t mm yu cn lp bnh cao chi tit, m t loi
bn v khoan thm d, chp hnh minh ho. Kt qu kho st a hnh, a
cht l c s la chn v tr tuyn hp l ng thi xut c nhng gii
php thit k kh thi.

12.22.- Trong nhng trng hp cn nghin cu thit k hm, cc cng vic kho
st (a hnh, a cht, thu vn, a cht - thu vn) c tin hnh theo mt
cng ring bit khng nm trong phm vi Quy trnh ny.

12.23.- Tuyn qua vng ng bng cn ch trng cc nh hng ca iu kin thu

vn, a cht - thu vn dc tuyn. Khi kho st cn xut cc gii php c
kh nng m bo thot nc tt cho nn ng nh tn cao ng, hoc o

34
 rnh su hai bn ng, hay ging thu nc v.v... h mc nc c nh
hng khng li n n nh nn ng.

12.24.- Trng hp kho st tuyn qua thnh ph, th x cn ch cc im sau:

12.24.1.- Nghin cu k bn c t l ln khu vc tuyn vch ng c s lm
ch da cho cng tc o c, kho st sau ny. V tr ng c s nn chn
song song vi tim tuyn thit k v nm trn di t t gp kh khn trong
cng vic o c, kho st tuyn v cc cng trnh lin quan n tuyn thit
k. Mt s v tr sau y c th chn lm ng c s: mp va h, di phn
cch, mp mt ng...
12.24.2.- Trn ng c s ng cc cc ng sn vi c ly 20 m, 50 m tu theo
tnh cht phc tp ca a hnh .
12.24.3.- Ti mi cc ng sn o hnh ct ngang vung gc vi ng c s nu
ng ny song song vi tim tuyn. Trong trng hp ng c s khng
song song vi tim tuyn th o theo hng mt gc nghing no vi
ng c s sao cho to c hng hnh ct ngang vung gc vi tim
tuyn.
12.24.4.- Lp li khng ch to (mt bng) v cao theo nh cc iu t 7.30
n 7.34 . Cc nh ng sn cng phi c thit lp nh iu 12.5.
12.24.5.- thun li cho thit k, cn cung cp mt s bn v vi t l sau:
(1) bnh t l 1/500 hoc 1/1000 c y :
- to , cao ph hp h to , cao ca vng t tuyn.
- ng c s.
- hnh dng ng hin hu (mt ng, b va, h ph, di phn cch...)
- ch gii xy dng v nh ca hin c dc ng.
- cc ng giao.
- h thng ging thu, ging thm.
- v tr v tr s li to , cao hin c.
- cc hng cy xanh.
- cc l khoan v h o.
- ct in thoi, ct n chiu sng, ct in cao th.
(2) bnh t l 1/200-1/500 th hin y cc loi cng trnh ngm v : v
tr, su, mt ct v tnh trng. C th iu tra cc c quan qun l
cng trnh cng cng th kt hp kim tra ti thc a.
(3) hnh ct dc tuyn ng hin hu t l cao 1/100, di 1/1000.
d.- kho st cc cng trnh lin quan n tuyn

12.25.- Cc cng trnh lin quan n tuyn bao gm:nh ca trong phm vi thi cng,
cc loi ct in, cc loi ng ng (cp,thot nc,dn du,kh t...), m
vt liu, cng trnh phc v ng v vn ti v.v...

35
12.26.- Nh ca trong phm thi cng ng phi o c chnh xc, th hin trn bnh
, ng thi phi thng k theo chng loi.(bng 1)

12.27.- Ct in thoi, in n, in cao th, ct mc, l khoan khong sn v.v...

trong phm vi 50 m phi o khong cch n tim tuyn, phi th hin trn
bnh , ng thi phi thng k.(bng 2).
Bng thng k nh ca hai bn tuyn
Bng 1
Bn tri Bn phi
L trnh Loi nh Din tch Ch K/C Loi nh Din Ch K/C
(m2) nh n tch nh n
tuyn (m2) tuyn
Km2+100 nh gch 45.0 ng A 30 m Nh tranh 30.0 ng B 15 m

Bng thng k ct in v cc loi ct khc Bng 2

Loi ct Khong cch n tuyn
L trnh C quan qun l
Tri (m) Phi (m)
Km2+400 in cao th 20 10 S in lc
thnh ph

12.28.- ng dn ng du, kh t trong phm vi 50 m i vi ng (v 100 m i

vi cu ln) u phi th hin trn bnh v thng k theo bng 3.
Bng 3

Khong
Kch c
L trnh Loi ng cch Ghi ch
ng knh p sut (m)
(mm) kg/cm2
Km6+150 dn u 200mm 25kg/m2 100m i // vi
tuyn

12.29.- Cng trnh ngm bao gm :cng ngm, ng cp ngm, ng dy in

thoi ngm v.v...
Cc loi cng trnh trn nu nm trong phm vi thi cng ng u phi iu
tra y v thng k theo bng 4. Khi tin hnh iu tra phi lin h vi c
quan qun l cng trnh lin quan, tm hiu yu cu v cch gii quyt cc loi
cng trnh . Nhng vn cha gii quyt c cn bo co y tip
tc gii quyt sau.
Bng 4.

36
 Loi cng Khong cch n C quan
Chiu su
trnh tuyn qun l
L trnh
(m)
Tri (m) Phi (m)
km2+ 500 Cng 20 1.5 S qun l
nc CTT
km3+400 Cp 5 1.2 S in
thng tin HN

12.30.- Cc cng trnh phc v ng v vn ti nh: bn xe nh cung ht, trm cp

xng du v..v... tu theo quy m ca cng trnh m tin hnh kho st theo
cng ring.
Trong phm vi kho st ng cn cung cp cc ti liu sau:
(1) Bnh cao phm vi c cp t xy dng cc cng trnh , t l 1/
500 1/1000.
(2) iu tra v ngun cp in, nc, thot nc vvv...
(3) iu tra cc cng trnh xung quanh khu c cp t xy dng.

12.31.- iu tra rung t, vn tc, cy c hai bn tuyn tnh t tim ng ra mi

bn 50 m vng th x, th trn v 100 m cc vng khc theo thng k
bng 5.
Bng 5
Bn tri Bn phi
L trnh Khong Loi Khong Loi Ghi
cch cch ch
Km1+400 0 50 m Rung 2 v 0 50 m Run
g
1550 m i trng cy ly g

e.- kho st cc cng trnh thot nc nh

12.32.- Cc cng trnh thot nc nh bao gm : cng cc loi, cu c chiu di ton

b nh hn 25 m, nn ng thm ng trn v.v... V tr cc cng trnh ny
khng b rng buc bi bt k s phi hp no gia bnh v hnh ct dc
ca tuyn.

12.33.- Nhim v ca kho st cng trnh thot nc nh l : xc nh v tr cng trnh,

d kin loi cng trnh v thu thp cc s liu cn thit tnh ton thu
vn,thu lc.

37
12.34.- Vic la chn cng trnh thot nc nh phi da vo iu kin c th ca hin
trng .
Khi chn cu hay cng bn, cng trn s tu thuc cc yu t sau :
- lu lng cn thot.
- chiu cao nn p.
- c im dng chy.
- tnh hnh cy tri, dng bn .
- yu cu giao thng thu.

12.35.- Cng c th chn loi khng p, bn p hay c p.

Loi c p c th p dng nhng trng hp sau :
(1) Nn ng p chiu cao cn thit theo mc nc thit k ca cng c
p.
(2) Cho php tch nc trc min thng du ca cng.
(3) Nn ng phi rng nc khng thm qua nn ng.
(4) Ch gia c thng, h lu cng.

12.36.- Khu cng v iu kin nc chy trong cng xc nh theo tnh ton thu
lc.

12.37.- Nn ng thm ch s dng i vi ng cp thp, lu lng dng chy

nh,v khng ln nhiu bn rc.Vt liu xy dng ng thm thng l
to, kch thc ng u. Mng nn thm phi c gia c khi cn thit. Chiu
cao nn ng thm c xc nh t din tch thm v chiu cao cho php
ca ng. Chiu cao dnh pha thng lu phi thp hn nn ng t nht
0,30m.

12.38- ng trn cho php xy dng trn ng cp thp, lu lng dng chy nh,
trong xy dng thng kt hp gia ng trn vi cng bn hoc trn.

12.39- Ti v tr lm cng trnh thot nc nh khi dng chy phc tp cn lp bnh

cao thit k nn khe, ngoi ra cn iu tra k cc iu kin v thu
vn, a cht-thu vn, nhm la chn hp l loi mng m tr, vt liu gia c
lng khe...

G.- Thu thp cc s liu

lp thit k t chc thi cng (TKTC TC), d ton

12.40.- Trong qa trnh kho st cn thu thp y cc s liu cn thit cho lp

TKTC TC, d ton v lp cc th tc khc lm cn c cho vic duyt n.

38
 Cc ti liu thu thp c s dng trong thuyt minh trnh by v c im
ca vng kho st v nhng phng php hp l t chc thi cng ng.

12.41.- Nhng iu cn tm hiu l:

(1) C th xy dng cng trnh vo thi gian no, v trong thi hn bao lu.
(2) D kin thi hn kt thc nhng cng trnh chnh.
(3) Xc nh s ngy lm vic v thi gian tc ng.
(4) Xc nh cc on thi cng v cung on qun l : xy dng ln tri v
lm nh cung ht.
(5) iu tra cc khu dn c hai bn tuyn, tm hiu kh nng nhn lc, iu
kin n cho cn b, cng nhn vin trong qu trnh xy dng, khai thc.
(6) Tm hiu cc n gi a phng, cc ph cp khu vc.
(7) D kin cc ngun cung cp vt liu.

12.42.- chun b vic lp TKTC TC cn nghin cu nhng vn sau:

(1) D kin c s xy dng chnh v trung gian.
(2) Qui nh cc trm trung chuyn vt liu.
(3) La chn cc vt liu xy dng (t, , ct, si) ti ch trn c s tm
hiu:
(3.1) V tr cc m t, , ct, si, kh nng m rng cng sut khai thc.
(3.2) Xc nh tr lng v cht lng ca loi vt liu xy dng v kh
nng s dng.
(3.3) Cc loi vt liu khc.
(4) Tm hiu nhng x nghip sn xut cc linh kin v bn thnh phm: gch,
vi, ngi v kh nng k hp ng.
(5) Xc nh chi ph n b do chim dng t.
(6) B tr cc kho cha vt liu xc nh c ly v phng tin vn chuyn ti.
(7) Xc nh chiu di ng cng v c c tnh khi lngxy dng chng.
xay dng chng.
(8) Kh nng s dng nng lng in ti trm gn nht v iu kin ni vo
mng li.
(9) Xc nh v tr giao ct vi ng dy thng tin,in cao th v s lng v
chi ph n b di chuyn.
(10) Xc nh iu kin cp nc (ngun tr lng, cht lng v c ly vn
chuyn.
(11) Kh nng s dng nhn lc ph thng vo cc cng vic gin n.

39
h.- lp cc vn bn tho thun cn thit

12.43.- Vic lp cc vn bn tho thun cn thit nhm chng minh thm cho
phng n tuyn chn l hp l, cc gii php thit k cc cng trnh l
thch hp,ngun vt liu d kin khai thc l chp nhn c.
tin hnh lp vn bn tho thun, C quan kho st thit k s trnh by r
phng n tuyn chn, l do tn dng hoc di chuyn nh ca cng nh cc
cng trnh cng cng khc ..., Chnh quyn a phng v cc C quan hu
quan pht biu kin ca mnh bng vn bn c ch k ca Th trng v
ng du ( nu n v c du ).

12.44.- Nhng vn cn c tho thun Chnh quyn a phng v C quan lin

quan l:
(1) V tr ca tuyn ng trong phm vi a phng.
(2) V tr giao ct vi ng st v cc vn lin quan n ng st.
Cc tho thun vi ngnh ng st cn c cung cp bng vn bn :
+ giy php c ct qua ng st.
+ tng lai pht trin ca ngnh ng st (s thay i v tr v quy m ca
ng st hin hu ).
+ kh nng thay i hnh ct dc (do tn cao ng).
+ cc ni dung khc c lin quan.
(3) Nhng gii php thit k cho tuyn i chung vi ng ph cn phi ph
hp vi quy hoch ca thnh ph (k c th x v th trn c Chnh ph
cng nhn ).
(4) Khi cho tuyn thit k i theo ng ph c cng trnh ngm (ng dn nc,
dy thng tin, dy in nng cc loi, v.v... ) phi tho thun vi cc n v
c lin quan bng vn bn.
(5) t chim dng xy dng cng trnh phi tho thun vi Chnh quyn a
phng.
(6) M vt liu xy dng cn khai thc phi tho thun vi chnh quyn a
phng (hoc C quan ang khai thc) v :
+ mt bng khai thc.
+ quyn li v trch nhim ca cc bn.
Nhng kin khng thng nht cng cn phi c ghi vo vn bn sau
ny C quan xt duyt d n quyt nh.

i.- h s, ti liu phi cung cp

12.45.- Kt thc bc kho st TKKT (v TKKTTC ) cn cung cp nhng ti liu

sau :

40
 (1) Thuyt minh chung v cng tc kho st tuyn (trong ch n nhng
on kh khn, nhng cc b phc tp).
(2) Thuyt minh v kho st CCT.
(3) Thuyt minh v kho st thu vn.
(4) Thuyt minh v cc m VLXD.
(5) Bnh cao tuyn t l 1/1000 - 1/2000 (c y a hnh, a vt, v tr
cc mc cao ,to ...) v theo hng tuyn c gc bn pha tri.
(6) Bnh cao cc cng trnh trn tuyn, nhng on kh khn phc tp,
nhng v tr giao ct gia tuyn thit k vi cc ng khc v.v... (theo hng
tuyn chung)
(7) Hnh ct dc tuyn t l (1/1000 - 1/100 hoc 1/2000 - 1/200 ) c mt mt
ct a cht, c cc mc nc iu tra v mc nc tnh ton theo tn sut
quy nh cho cp ng.
(8) Hnh ct ngang t l 1/200.
(9) Bn tng hp cc khu t nc.
(10) Bn tnh lu lng,khu cc cng trnh thot nc nh.
(11) Thng k h cc du, bng thng k to cc cc-nu kho st tho to
( khi phc li cc cc ch yu khi b mt).
(12) Bnh dui thng v tr cc m VLXD v d kin phn phi.
(13) Thng k rung, t b chim.
(14) Thng k nh ca v cc loi cng trnh phi di chuyn.
(15) Thng k khi lng cht cy,dy c.
(16) Thng k mc cao .
(17) Thng k cc ng giao.
(18) Thng k cc loi cng trnh thot nc.
(19) Thng k cc v tr ( d kin ) lm nh phc v khai thc.
(20) Thng k cc loi cc mc, cc tiu, bin bo c, cn thay th, b sung

Chng mi ba - kho st thu vn

A. i vi tuyn ng

13.1.- Nghin cu h s thit k ca phng n tuyn la chn bc nghin cu

kh thi (trc dc, bnh cng trnh thot nc v.v..), cc ti liu kho st, thu
thp c; nh gi mc t m, chnh xc ca cc ti liu trn v i chiu
vi cc yu cu v kho st, o c trong bc thit k k thut lp k
hoch kho st b sung, hon chnh cc ti liu, s liu thu vn cn thit.

41
13.2.- Da vo k hoch kho st thu vn c lp trong bc thit k k thut, lm
vic vi cc c quan a phng v c quan hu quan kim tra v chun
ho li cc s liu, ti liu thu thp c trong bc nghin cu tin kh thi
v nghin cu kh thi v thu thp cc ti liu, s liu cn thiu theo ni dung
k hoch kho st trong bc thit k k thut.
13.3.- Ni dung ch yu ca cng tc kho st thu vn trong bc thit k k thut
l o c, thu thp cc s liu, ti liu v thu vn c lin quan ti vic quy
nh cc cao khng ch ca ng trn trc dc, dc mi ta luy
ng, bin php gia c chng xi v chng trt ta luy ng ca phng n
tuyn c chn trong bc nghin cu kh thi nh mc nc cao nht,
mc nc ng thng xuyn, thi gian ng thng xuyn vv...
tin li cho vic kho st iu tra, trn bnh v ct dc tuyn thit k
trong bc nghin cu kh thi, chia thnh nhng on c trng v ch
thu vn v quy nh ni dung yu cu kho st, o c cho mi on.
13.4.- Ni dung cng tc iu tra thu vn tuyn trong bc TKKT, phng php tin
hnh iu tra, yu cu i vi h s kho st vv... c thc hin theo nh cc
ch dn ti cc iu 8.4; 8.5; 8.6 ca phn kho st thu vn i vi tuyn
trong bc nghin cu kh thi.

b.- i vi cng trnh thot nc nh

13.5.-Theo phng n tuyn c chn trong bc nghin cu kh thi, da theo

bnh , trc dc ng c b tr cc cng trnh thot nc c thit k
bc nghin cu kh thi, tin hnh i chiu vic b tr cc cng trnh thot
nc dc tuyn (v tr, khu thot nc), b sung cc cng trnh thot nc
nhng ch trng trn trc dc. Cng vic ny phi c tin hnh ht sc t
m v trong bc nghin cu kh thi bnh v trc dc tuyn c v vi t l
nh nn khng th hin ht nhng a hnh trng cc b.
Tt nht vic kho st thu vn cc cng trnh thot nc nh c t chc
thc hin sau khi kho st o c bnh v trc dc ng theo yu cu
ca TKKT v v tr cc cng trnh thot nc trn trc dc c xc nh.
Da theo bnh v trc dc thit k k thut i chiu ngoi thc a v tr cc
cng trnh thot nc v b sung cc cng trnh cn thiu.
13.6.- Da trn bn t l 1:10.000, 1:25.000, 1:50.000 hoc t l khc (tu theo
phm v ca ng gii hn lu vc) c v tr tuyn v v tr cng trnh thot
nc xc nh cc ng phn thu v khoanh din tch lu vc t thu i vi
mi cng trnh thot nc, xc nh chiu di sui chnh, sui nhnh, dc
lng sui chnh, dc sui ti cng trnh, dc trung bnh ca sn dc lu
vc, din tch m h ao v k hiu tn cc lu vc trn bn v ranh gii lu
vc.

13.7.- i chiu cc kt qu xc nh cc c trng ca lu vc trn bn vi kt

qu th st trn thc a, tin hnh sa nhng sai st v b sung nhng phn
thiu. Trong trng hp cn thit tin hnh o c b sung ti thc a.

42
13.8.- Ni dung v phng php kho st, iu tra cc c trng a mo lng sui,
c trng a mo lu vc, cu to t, cy c ph lu vc c tin hnh nh
hng dn gii thiu cc iu 8.10; 8.11; 8.12; 8.13 ca phn kho st
thu vn i vi cng trnh thot nc nh bc nghin cu kh thi.

13.9.- o c a hnh ti cc cng trnh thot nc nh.

Trong giai on nghin cu kh thi, ni chung khng c yu cu o c a
hnh ring i vi cng trnh thot nc m khi thit k cc cng trnh thot
nc s dng ti liu o v a hnh phc cho vic thit k tuyn.
Trong giai on thit k k thut v lp bn v thi cng, phc v cho vic
b tr cc cng trnh thot nc ph hp vi iu kin a hnh v tnh ton thu
vn chnh xc, ti mi cng trnh thot nc phi o v bnh thot nc khu
vc cng trnh v mt ct ngang sui ti cng trnh. Sau y l mt s quy
nh v o c a hnh.

13.10.- o v bnh khu vc cng trnh thot nc:

- Phm vi o v: theo chiu di sui phi o ra ngoi phm vi b tr cng trnh
thot nc mt chiu di t nht l 75-150 m v mi pha thng lu v h
lu. Nu ti cng trnh thot nc pha thng lu v h lu c thit k cng
trnh dc nc, bc nc hoc knh dn nc th phm vi cng trnh s bao
gm c cc cng trnh ny. Theo chiu ngang sui nu sui v ma l nc
khng trn b sui th phm vi o phi nm ngoi phm vi chiu rng sui v
ma l t nht l 5 n 10 m; nu sui v ma l, nc trn qua b sui th
phm vi o cch b sui chnh t nht 50 m, phn cn li tham kho ti liu
o a hnh mt ct dc v bnh tuyn ng.
T l v bnh : 1/200 1/500.

13.11.- o v mt ct ngang sui ti cng trnh thot nc:

- Phm vi o v: nu sui v ma l khng trn qua b th phi o cao hn
mc nc l cao nht t 1 n 2m; nu v ma l, nc trn qua b sui th
o rng ra hai b sui chnh mi bn 50 m, phn cn li s da vo trc dc
ng xc nh phm v nc ngp.
i vi sui tng i ln cn kim tra lu lng theo mc nc iu tra th
cn o v thm mt ct lu lng nu mt ct ngang sui ti v tr cng trnh
thot nc khng tho mn cc yu cu tnh lu lng theo phng php hnh
thi (xem hng dn ca ph lc 3.2; 3.6).
Trn bn v mt ct ngang sui ti cng trnh phi th hin y cc cc chi
tit v cc l trnh thng nht vi bn v trc dc tuyn, cc cao mc nc
iu tra, a cht cu to lng sui, tnh hnh cy c trn bi (nu c) v b
sui.

13.12.- o v mt ct dc sui ti cng trnh :

- Phm vi o v: bng chiu di o v bnh khu vc cng trnh. Mt ct dc
sui c o dc theo lch su nht ca sui v tt c cc im i dc phi

43
 tin hnh o cao . Song song vi vic o mt ct dc sui tin hnh o
cao ng mc nc nu khi o kho st sui c nc chy.
- T l bn v mt ct dc sui: chiu cao - 1/50 1/100; chiu di 1/500
1/1000.
- Trn bn v mt ct dc sui phi th hin v tr tim cng trnh thot nc,
ng mt v hng nc chy.

13.13.- iu tra mc nc:

Ni dung iu tra mc nc l v ch l cc cng trnh thot nc trong
giai on TKKT ging nh quy nh i vi iu tra mc nc c thc hin
iu 8.14 gii thiu trong phn kho st thu vn i vi cng trnh thot nc
ca bc nghin cu kh thi v ph lc 3.2.

13.14.- Kho st thu vn nhng cng trnh thot nc c ch thu vn c bit:

i vi cng trnh thot nc c ch thu vn c bit nh sng b nh
hng nc dnh t sng khc, sng b nh hng thu triu, sng vng
thng lu p, sng vng h lu p, knh mng o ca thu li ni dung
cng tc kho st iu tra thu vn cng bao gm nhng ni dung kho st
i vi sng bnh thng. Ngoi ra cn b sung nhng ni dung quy nh trong
iu 6.16 ca phn kho st thu vn i vi cng trnh thot nc nh bc
nghin cu kh thi.

13.15.- H s kho st thu vn cng trnh thot nc nh:

- Thuyt minh tnh hnh kh tng thu vn, tnh hnh kho st, o c, v tnh
hnh iu tra thu vn ti v tr cng trnh thot nc. Cung cp y cc s
liu cn thit cho vic tnh ton lu lng v xc nh khu cng trnh
thot nc, cc mc nc iu tra ti cc sng sui, ch thu vn vv...
- Bn v bnh t nc ca lu vc tnh ton cc cng trnh thot nc dc
tuyn c k hiu tn lu vc i vi mi cng trnh.
- Bn tng hp cc s liu kho st, iu tra cc c trng tnh ton thu vn
cng trnh thot nc theo mu quy nh (xem ph lc 3.2, 3.3 v 3.4).
- Cc bn bnh v tr cng trnh thot nc, mt ct ngang sui ti cng trnh
thot nc, mt ct dc sui ti cng trnh thot nc. Trn cc bn v bnh
v mt ct dc v tr cng trnh phi v v tr ca tuyn ng v cc mc
nc c trng iu tra trong khi kho st.
- Cc h s, bn v c lin quan trc tip vi tnh ton v thit k cng trnh
thot nc trn ng nh knh mng, p nc thu li, qu trnh din
bin lng sng (xi v bi nu c).
- Cc vn bn lm vic vi a phng v cc c quan hu quan; cc ti liu,
s liu thu thp c cc c quan lu tr, c quan thit k, c quan qun l
cng trnh v cc vn lin quan ti ch thu vn sng vng thit k
(ch ma l, ch lm vic ca , p, knh mng thu li vv...
- Cc s o c v ph lc.

44
 chng mi bn - KHO ST a cht cng trnh

A. CHUN B KHO ST

14.1.- Trc khi tin hnh kho st phc v cho thit k k thut cn phi tin hnh
cng tc chun b nh sau:
- Nghin cu cc vn bn ph duyt DAKT;

- H thng ho cc ti liu thu thp v kho st giai on trc;

- Chnh xc ho cc ti liu c, nghin cu cc vn cn tn ti cha c
gii quyt trong giai on trc;
- Lp k hoch v chng trnh kho st ngoi tri, n inh khi lng ca
cng tc kho st ngoi tri v.v...

b. KHo ST CCT cc loi NN NG

B1.- Nn ng thng thng

14.2.- Cng tc o v CCT dc tuyn c tin hnh trn c s bn a hnh, c

th t 1/5000 n 1/2000. Phm vi o v trn di bng rng 50-100 mt. Mc
ch ca o v CCT xem trong iu 9.3..
14.3.- Cng tc thm d CCT c tin hnh bng cc l khoan thm d. Thng
thng c 1km b tr 1 n 2 l khoan xen k vo cc l khoan giai on
trc. Chiu su thm d t 5 n 7 mt. Cng c th thay th mt s lng l
khoan bng h o trong trng hp khng th di chuyn my khoan c.
Trong khi lp h s kho st cn phi hp l khoan giai on ny vi l
khoan giai on trc. Cng cn hn ch th nghim mu giai on ny
m phi kt hp vi kt qu th nghim mu giai on trc.
B2.- Nn ng c bit, nn ng t yu

14.4.- i vi nn ng c phn b t yu, sau khi khoanh vng th cn tin

hnh iu tra o v CCT. Ni dung v phng php iu tra nh quy inh i
vi nn ng thng thng. Cng tc thm d CCT bng nhng l khoan
c b tr cch nhau thng thng t 50 n 100 mt trn tim tuyn (k c
khi lng tin hnh bc DAKT).Trong trng hp c bit c ly ny c
th rt ngn hn. C cch 100-150 mt tin hnh 1 mt ct CCT trn c 3
l khoan. su l khoan cn phi su ht lp t yu.Trong mi trng hp
phi tin hnh th nghim ct cnh hin trng. Th nghim ny c th c
tin hnh c lp hoc trong l khoan. S lng v su th nghim s do
Ch nhim nghip v quyt inh v c Ch u t chp thun.

45
 14.5.- Cng tc ly mu t i vi nn ng thng thng v nn ng c t yu
l ging nhau. i vi vic th nghim cc ch tiu c -l i vi t yu cn
thn trng bo v tnh nguyn dng ca mu, ng thi chn s th nghim
ct cho ph hp vi iu kin lm vic ca nn ng cng nh iu kin thi
cng. Yu cu th nghim cc ch tiu c l xem trong iu. 9.13.

14.6.- Cng tc chnh l v lp h s kho st cng theo ni dung v trnh t nh quy

nh trong iu 9.14.
B3.- Nn ng ngp nc v ng qua bi sng

14.7.- i vi nn ng ngp nc v ng qua bi sng th cn tin hnh nh i

vi nn ng p thng thng, nhng cn ch trong cc vn sau:
- Xc nh bn vng ca t nn; Nu l t yu th theo iu 14.4
- Phi hp vi nghip v thu vn xc inh cc yu t thu vn c nh hng
ti s n nh ca mi dc;
- Tm kim v s dng t p c cht lng thch hp khi ngm nc cng nh
cc gii php k, cng trinh phng h.
B4.- Nn ng o su

14.8.- i vi nn ng o su l nhng nn ng khi thi cng mi dc c chiu

cao trn 12 mt c xc nh trong giai on DAKT cn c kho st k
lng do khng tin hnh kho st trong giai on trc.Mc ch ca kho st
l pht hin xem phi thi cng trong t c n nh nh th no.Cng tc
iu tra o v CCT nh quy nh i vi nn ng thng thng nhng cn
phi lm sng t nhng vn sau:
- i vi nhng vng cng n nh, thi cn xc nh b dy tng ph,tnh
cht n nh ca tng ph;c im a cht thu vn (CTV);
- i vi nhng vng cng v na cng nt n, v vn cn xc nh th nm
ca , mc nt n v hng pht trin ca nt n v.v...
- i vi nhng on t loi st khng n nh, cn lu cc yu t a mo,
iu kin CTV, tnh cht i vi nc ca t v.v...c bit i vi st c tnh
cht trng n th cn phi ly mu phn tch trong phng th nghim.

14.9.- Cng tc thm d CCT c tin hnh c bit vi cc l khoan cch nhau
t 50 n 100 mt. Cch 100-150 mt b tr 1 mt ct CCT vi 3 l khoan.
Chiu su l khoan tu thuc vo b dy tng ph. Khng cn thit phi khoan
ti cao ng .

14.10.- Cng tc ly mu v th nghim t cng tin hnh nh i vi nn ng

thng thng.Cng tc chnh l v lp h s kho st cng tng t nh i vi
cng trnh khc.
B5.- Nn ng p cao

46
14.11.- Cng tc kho st nn ng p cao - l nn p c chiu cao trn 12 mt-
cn tp trung vo nhng vn sau :
- nh gi iu kin n nh ca nn v mi dc nn ng;

- Chn vt liu p thch hp;

- Gia c phng h mi dc.

14.12.- Cng tc o v CCT nh i vi nn ng thng thng. Cng tc thm

d c tin hnh bng cc l khoan trn tim tuyn vi c ly t 50 n 100
mt. Khng b tr l khoan trn mt ct CCT. Mc ch ch yu ca cng tc
khoan l pht hin tng t yu.Cng tc ly mu t , th nghim cng nh
chnh l v lp h s kho st cng tng t nh i vi nn ng o su.

14.13.- Cng tc iu tra kho st v nh gi cht lng ca VLXD phi xc nh

c loi vt liu xy dng n nh trong trng hp p cao.
B6.- on ng c hin tng a cht ng lc (CL)

14.14.- Cc hin tng CL gm: dng l bn , mng xi, ccxt, trt,

v.v...Mc ch ca kho st nhm nh gi nh hng ca chng ti iu kin
n nh ca tuyn. V vy, ngoi khi lng kho st i vi nn ng thng
thng cn phi b tr mt khi lng khoan thch hp. Khi lng ny gm
nhng l khoan b tr trn cc mt ct CCT trong khu vc c cc hin tng
CL. S lng l khoan cng nh mt ct CCT do K s ch nhim nghip
v quyt nh.

14.15.- Trong khi tin hnh cng tc thm d, lun lun phi kt hp vi cng tc o
v CCT, trong nhiu trng hp ly cng tc o v CCT lm chnh. i vi
hin tng dng l bn , mng xi, trt cn xc nh phm vi phn b,
quy m, kh nng pht trin, xc nh nguyn nhn pht sinh ca chng, nh
hng ti n nh ca tuyn v.v nhm c th a ra c nhng gii php x
l hoc kin ngh trnh tuyn.
i vi hin tng cc-t, cn xc nh phm vi phn b, kh nng pht trin
v.v.. trn c s ti liu thu thp t kt qu iu tra o v CCT. Trong trng
hp cn thit c th b tr thm d a vt l (VL). Phng php dng ph
bin l thm d in v thm d a chn. Tu theo mc pht trin ca
cacxt v tnh cht quan trng ca cng trnh m ly khong cch gia cc
im o t 2 n 5 mt. Khng tin hnh cng tc khoan.

14.16.- Cng tc ly mu t , ngoi nh i vi nn ng thng thng cn phi

ch trng lm sao phn tch nhng nguyn nhn pht sinh v kh nng
pht trin ca chng. i vi hin tng trt cn ly mu xc nh m ti
mt trt ca chng. v.v...Cng tc chnh l thng k v lp h s kho st
theo nhng quy nh hin hnh.
B7.- on ng d kin xy dng tng chn v tng phng h

47
14.17.- Kho st CCT ni d kin xy dng tng chn v tng phng h cn kt
hp vi kho st nn ng. Mc ch ca kho st l:
- Xc nh kh nng chu ti ca nn thin nhin;

- Xc nh chiu su gc v su t mng cng trnh.

Cng tc iu tra o v CCT kt hp vi tuyn, nhng ch trng ti v tr tim
cng trnh, nh hng ca iu kin CTV, kh nng thi cng, mc kh d
ca iu kin a hnh ti cao trnh t mng.

14.18.- Cng tc thm d c tin hnh bng nhng l khoan trn tim cng trnh d
kin v trn cc mt ct ngang CCT. C ly gia cc l khoan (kt hp SPT)
t 10 m n 30 m trn tim cng trnh. Trn mt ct ngang, c ly l khoan t
tim tng chn n l khoan < 5m. su ca cc l khoan phi ti gc
hoc vo tng chu lc 2-5m.

14.19.- Cng tc ly mu t , chnh l cng tng t nh i vi cng trnh khc.

Cn phi lp h s kho st ring cho hng mc ny.

C.- Kho st CCT cho cng

14.20.- Cng tc kho st CCT cho cng cn c kt kp vi kho st nn ng.

Ch t vn kho st khi c iu kin CCT c bit. Cn tn dng
cc ti liu kho st giai on trc. Ch tin hnh khoan trong nhng trng
hp c bit. Khi lng nay s do Ch nhim nghip v quyt nh nhng
khng qu 1 l khoan cho mt v tr cng (tr cc cng c bit).

14.21.- Cng tc ly mu t nh i vi nn ng thng thng i vi nhng

ni tin hnh khoan. Ngoi trng hp ny ra th s dng kt qu ca kho st
nn ng.
Khng lp h s ring cho hng mc ny m lp chung h s vi tuyn.

D.- Kho st CCT cho cu nh

14.22.- i vi cu nh, cn tn dng cc l khoan tin hnh trong giai on trc

nu v tr cc l khoan ng ti v tr m cu trong giai on ny. Nu cc v
tr ny khng nm ng v tr m cu nhng xt thy vn s dng c th
khng cn b sung l khoan. Trng hp ngc li th cn b tr l 2 l khoan
ti v tr m cu. su l khoan t 15 n 30 mt v cng c iu kin kt
thc l khoan nh trong giai on trc.

14.23.- Cng tc ly mu t , th nghim v chnh l, lp h s kho st CCT

nh trong trng hp giai on NCKT.

48
E.- Kho st CCT cho cu trung v cu ln

14.24.- Cng tc iu tra o v CCT cho cu trung v cu ln c tin hnh trn

bn a hnh c t l thch hp. Ch trng iu tra cc vt l, cc hin tng
CL nht l hin tng xi l b, hin tng tim thc v.v...

14.25.- Cng tc khoan thm d c tin hnh nh sau :

- i vi cu trung, b tr mi v tr tr v m mt l khoan (kt hp SPT).
su l khoan t 25 n 40 mt. Trong trng hp c bit c th ti 90 mt tu
iu kin phc tp v CCT iu kin kt thc l khoan cng tng t nh i
vi bc NCKT.
- i vi cu ln, b tr mi v tr m v tr mt l khoan (kt hp SPT). Trong
trng hp iu kin CT phc tp, a tng khng ng nht, c hin tng
cc-t, c phn b vi th c th b tr 2 l khoan cho mi v tr m hoc tr
cu. Cc l khoan ny c th c b tr so le nhau so vi tim cu. iu kin
kt thc l khoan cng tng t nh i vi cu trung.
Ton b kt qu khoan phi xc nh c su t mng v ch tiu c l
ca cc lp.

14.26.- Ti mi cu cn ly mt mu nc phn tch, nh gi tnh cht n mn

ca nc i vi b tng v b tng ct thp.

14.27.- Cng tc ly mu v th nghim t c tin hnh nh i vi giai on

trc nhng phi m bo s lng mu ph hp vi quy nh v chnh
l ch tiu ca t. H s kho st CCT cho cu trung v cu ln phi c
lp ring.
G.- Kho st CCT cc m VLXD

14.28.- Nghin cu li h s kho st cc m VLXD giai on trc xem trong ton

b s lng m p ng c yu cu trong giai on ny cha. Nu
cn b sung th cng vi cc m c tin hnh theo yu cu ca kho st
chi tit.
Khi kho st th thc hin theo nh ni dung ca giai on trc (iu 9.12)
nhng cn phi chnh xc ho hn cc s liu iu tra, nht l cht lng v
tr lng. i vi cc m ct, si sn v t p, trong trng hp cn thit c
th b tr cc l khoan trn cc mt ct. S lng cng nh su l khoan s
do K s ch nhim nghip v quyt nh.

14.29.- Yu cu th nghim tnh cht ca VLXD ging nh iu 9.13. Cc kt qu cn

c lp thnh h s ring cho m VLXD. Ni dung v hnh thc ca h s m
VLXD theo quy nh hin hnh.

49
 phn th nm

kho st lp thit k
bn v thi cng

chng mi lm - kho st tuyn

15.1.- Nhim v ca kho st lp thit k bn v thi cng l :

(a) Khi phc li tuyn trn thc a.
(b) B sung nhng chi tit cn thit v chnh l li nhng cc b xt thy cha
hp l, cha m bo nhng iu kin ti u v xy dng v khai thc.
Kho st lp thit k bn v thi cng c tin hnh sau khi thit k k
thut dc duyt.

a.- khi phc tuyn trn thc a

15.2.- Khi phc tuyn phi m bo v tr tuyn khi phc ng n c duyt

trong bc thit k k thut. Ngoi ra c th tin hnh chnh l nhng on
ngn nhm lm cho tuyn thit k c tt hn. Cc ni dung chnh l phi
c nghin cu k trc ti vn phng v i chiu li ti thc a, sau mi
cm chnh thc v thu thp cc s liu b sung.

15.3.- Khi phc li cc cc nh ng khi kho st k thut chi tit, chnh l li

nh nu cn thit. Sau khi c nh c cc nh s tin hnh ng cc
cc du nh lm Chng 12.

15.4.- o gc cc nh bng my kinh v THEO 020 (hoc my c chnh xc

tng ng), o 2 na vng o, sai s gia 2 na vng o khng qu 1'.

15.5.- ng cong : ng cc cc ch yu trong ng cong nh im ni u (N),

ni cui (NC), im tip u (T), im tip cui (TC),im phn gic (PG) v
cc cc chi tit trong ng cong.
Khong cch gia cc cc chi tit trong ng cong quy nh theo tr s bn
knh R nh bng di y: Trng hp b mt cc tuyn (cc nh, cc ng
thng ch yu) phi da theo h thng cc du khi phc li tuyn. Khi h
thng cc du cng b mt th da vo h thng cc ca ng chuyn cp 2
khi phc cc tuyn (vi tuyn c lp h GPS v ng chuyn cp 2),
trng hp khng c h cc to th phi da vo bnh cm tuyn li
nhng phi m bo cc ch tiu k thut v bnh v hnh ct dc ca tuyn
thit k bc TKKT.

50
 R (m) L (m)
> 500 20
500 10

15.6.- Khi phc li cc cc chi tit c ng trn ng thng v ng cong. Khi

cn thit c th ng b sung thm phn nh tt hn a hnh (v tnh khi
lng nn ng chnh xc hn ).Vic khi phc cc tin hnh ng vi vic
o di. C gng gi nguyn v tr cc cc Km xc nh khi kho st k thut
chi tit.

15.7.- o cao ch o chi tit, khp vi mc cao t trong bc kho st k

thut, sai s tnh theo cng thc :
h 50 L .
(cc k hiu ging nh iu 12.9 Chng 12.)
Kt qu gia 2 ln cao c (khi khi phc v khi kho st k thut chi tit ) cn
c i chiu vi nhau kim tra. Cn c vo nhng b sung v sa cha
nhiu hay t kt lun bn v hnh ct dc bc trc c th s dng li hay
phi v mi.

15.8.- Hnh ct ngang ch o ti v tr nhng cc b sung v kim tra li cc ct ngang

ni a hnh phc tp nh sn dc, m ly, khu dn c...

b.- b sung nhng chi tit cn thit

Nhng chi tit cn b sung nhm hon chnh bn v thi cng cc cng trnh nh sau:

15.9.- Xc nh chnh xc v tr v s lng cc cng trnh ct qua tuyn thit k (trn

mt v ngm di t) nh ng dy thng tin, ng dy in cc loi,
ng ng dn nc, h thng thu nng v.v...

15.10.- V chi tit khu vc chim t tm thi v vnh vin xy dng ng,xc
nh chnh xc s lng cng trnh cn phi di chuyn v khi lng pht cy,
dy c.

15.11.- o c b sung thit k cc yu t ca nn ng trn nhng on phc

tp, kt hp vi ti liu a cht c b sung v chnh l, xc nh chnh
xc khi lng gia c nn ng.
Thit k hnh ct ngang nn ng trn nhng on c bit nh khu vc dn
c, sn ni dc ln, m ly v.v...

15.12.- Xc nh chnh xc kt cu mt ng trn tng on.

51
15.13.- Xc nh chnh xc v tr v khu cng, cu nh v khi lng gia c.
Khoan kim tra v iu tra a cht b sung lp bn v thi cng cc cng
trnh vi cao y mng c xc nh (nu thy cn thit ).

15.14.- T chc kho st v thit k cc ng tm phc v thi cng v cc ng

dn n nh ga, bn cng, m vt liu xy dng, c s sn xut v.v...

15.15.- o c b sung v v chi tit bnh cao , hnh ct dc, hnh ct ngang
ca h thng cng trnh thot nc, nhng nt giao bng hay nt giao lp th.

15.16.- Thm d b sung cc m vt liu xy dng nh , ct, si v.v... chun b

khai thc. B tr thm mt s l khoan v h o, ly mu th nghim, xc nh
chnh xc c ly vn chuyn VLXD khi c nhng thay i v ngun cung cp v
khi lng s dng.

15.17.- iu tra b sung nhng pht sinh mi nhm chnh xc ho TKTCTC. Tho
thun thm vi c quan hu quan v nhng vn thay i trong qu trnh xt
duyt d n.

15.18.- Tt c nhng b sung trong qu trnh kho st lp BVTC nhm lm cho n

c th, chi tit v chnh xc, nhng d ton v tng mc u t ca d n
c lp trong bc ny khng c vt qu t l quy nh so vi d ton
lp trong bc TKKT c ph duyt.
Mi thay i ln so vi TKKT c duyt phi c C quan xt duyt cho
php.

15.19.- Nhng ti liu n v kho st phi cung cp sau khi hon thnh kho st
BVTC :
(1) Thuyt minh kho st.
(2) Bnh t l 1/1000 - 1/2000.
(3) Hnh ct dc t l ( 1/1000 v 1/100 ) ; ( 1/2000 v 1/200 ).
(4) Hnh ct ngang t l 1/200.
(5) Cc ti b sung v kho st thu vn.
(6) Cc ti liu b sung v kho st CCT.
(7) Cc ti b sung v khi lng GPMB.
(8) Cc vn bn tho thun b sung ca Chnh quyn a phng v cc C
quan hu quan lin quan.

Chng mi su - kho st thu vn

52
16.1.- Kho st b sung cc s liu, ti liu thu vn, o c a hnh cn thiu hoc
cha c thc hin trong bc thit k k thut theo yu cu ca giai on
thit k k thut.
16.2.- Nu khi duyt n thit k k thut c yu cu nghin cu b sung cc
phng n tuyn v cng trnh thot nc cc b trong bc lp bn v thi
cng th trong k hoch phi b sung y cc hng mc cng vic kho
st, iu tra, o c theo ni dung yu cu i vi thit k k thut nh
cp cc phn trc.
16.3.- Nu trong thi gian t khi kt thc kho st phc v thit k k thut n khi
trin khai cng vic kho st lp bn v thi cng c xy xa ra nhng thay i
v hin tng thu vn, thay i a hnh lng sng do nh hng ca kh hu
hay cc cng trnh , p thu li va c xy dng th phi b sung ti liu
kho st iu tra, o c b sung nhng c trng mi v thu vn nh iu
tra cc mc nc c trng, quy lut din bin lng sng, hin tng xi bi
vv...
16.4.- Lm vic vi a phng v cc c quan hu quan thng nht ln cui cng
cc s liu c cung cp v kho st b sung, cc gii php k thut
c lin quan ti vn thu vn ca tuyn ng v cng trnh thot nc trn
ng.
16.5.- H s kho st thu vn:
- Thuyt minh b sung tnh hnh kho st, o c thu vn;
- Cc bn o v b sung;
- Cc s liu, ti liu thu thp, o c b sung;
- Cc vn bn lm vic vi a phngv cc c quan hu quan;
- Cc s o c.

CHNG MI By - KHO ST A CHT cng trnh

17.1.- Kho st CCT lp bn v thi cng (BVTC) c thc hin trong nhng
trng hp sau:
- Trn nhng on, nn tuyn hoc dch tuyn c iu chnh sau khi duyt
thit k k thut;
- Trn nhng on tuyn thit k c bit, xt thy cc ti liu kho st cho
thit k k thut cha y hoc nhiu vn cn nghi vn cn phi c
kho st b sung;
- Ti cc cng trnh nh cu hoc nn ng thit k c bit c s thay i
v kt cu mng cng nh c s thay i v phng n s l m cc ti liu
kho st cha p ng cho thit k;
- Cn kho st thm cc m VLXD p ng y cho thi cng.

53
17.2.- Ni dung ch yu ca kho st lp BVTC l s dng cc l khoan hoc cc th
nghim hin trng. Khi lng kho st ch b sung cho bc TKKT lm t
hn khi lng quy nh t iu 14.2 n 14.27. Trong trng hp c bit khi
pht hin thm v tr t yu th c th tng kh lng kho st a cht, s
lng tng thm do Ch chim nghip v xut v c Ch u t chp
thun nhng khng vt qu 20% khi lng thc hin bc TKKT.

phn th su

kho st trn ng hin hu

Kho st trn ng hin hu bao gm cc cng vic sau y :

+ ng k.
+ Kho st thu vn.
+ Kho st CCT.
chng mi tm - ng k ng hin hu

18.1.- Mc ch ca vic ng k trong cng tc kho st ng t l cung cp

ti liu v cc loi cng trnh cu, ng trn ng hin hu phc v cho
cng tc thit k khi phc hay nng cp, ci to.
ng k phi phn nh ng thc trng v tiu chun hnh hc v cht lng
cc cng trnh trn ng v cng trnh ph tr lin quan.
Nhng cng vic tin hnh khi ng k ng bao gm :
(a) chun b.
(b) ng k ng.
(c) ng k cc cng trnh.
a.- chun b

18.2.-Trc khi i o c thc a cn tin hnh nhng cng vic chun b sau y:
+ Nghin cu k nhim v c giao.
+ Su tm cc ti liu cn thit nh h s kho st thit k trc y ca
ng, h s qun l ng v.v...

54
18.3.- Trn c s nhng ti liu su tm c cn i su nghin cu nhng im sau
y :
+ on no cn ci tuyn (nn thng hoc h dc ).
+ Cc on qua vng dn c (gi nguyn ng hin hu hoc i vng trnh).
+ Cc on qua vng c iu kin khng thun li v thu vn v a cht.
+ Cc im giao ct vi ng st c th khc phc c.
+ Cc im giao bng c th nng cp ln giao lp th (c ng st v
ng t ).
+ S lng, chng loi,nng lc thot nc v nng lc chu ti ca cc cng
trnh cu, cng trn ng.
+ Kch thc,tnh trng v sc chu ti ca nn, mt ng trn tng on.
+ Cc on nn ng yu, mt ng bin dng: cc bin php k thut
s l v kt qu x l.
+ Tnh trng cc cng trnh c bit khc trn ng (tng chn, hm v.v...).
+ Cc thng s k thut ca cc m vt liu xy dng ang hoc cha khai
thc (v tr, tr lng, s liu th nghim mu, c ly n tuyn v.v...)
+ Cc s liu iu tra kinh t nh lu lng xe, thnh phn xe ca nm hin ti
v cc nm qu kh.

b.- ng k ng

18.4.- ng k ng l ghi li hnh dng ng, do cn ng cc cc ng

sn dc theo mp mt ng.
Cc cc ny ch l cc tm dng khi o c v kim tra kt qu o c ng
nn khng cn phi bo v lu di. Cc cc u, cui tuyn v cc mc cao
cn lu gi cho cc bc kho st sau s dng nn phi l cc vnh cu.
Cc ng sn phi ng th no phn nh ng cc yu t hnh hc ca
ng hin hu (bnh , hnh ct dc, hnh ct ngang, cc cng trnh thuc
ng v 2 bn ng ).

18.5.- Cng tc o c tuyn ng (o gc, o di, o cao, o hnh ct ngang) ca

bc ng k thc hin nh bc NCKT ni Chng 7 ).

c.- ng k cng trnh

18.6.- Nn ng :Khi ng k nn ng cn o c, thu thp cc s liu sau :

+ Chiu rng nn ng trn tng on, chiu cao nn p, chiu su nn o,
tnh trng mi dc : n nh hay st l.
+ Tnh trng ngp lt v kh nng tn cao nn ng

55
 + Cc bin php chng ln, st nn p (thay t nn ng,h mc nc
ngm,lm rnh thm,tn cao ng...).
+ Cc bin php chng ct bay lp ng.
+ Cc bin php ci to h thng thot nc mt.
+ o c cng nn ng bng phng php tm p cng.
Cn c bit lu :
+ Cc on ng c khi lng ln khi nng cp (on c dc dc vt qu
tiu chun cho php ca cp ung thit k, on c bn knh nh hn ti
thiu ).
+ Nhng on i qua vng t st, trut ang hot ng v vng t nn c
sc chu ti km.
+ Nhng on thot nc kh khn ( nn o di , nn ngp nc, nn thp
qua a hnh trng v.v...).

18.7.- Mt ng : ng k mt ng cung cp cc s liu sau :

+ Chiu rng mt ng trn tng phn on, chiu dy v loi cc lp kt cu
ca o ng, tnh trng mt ng ( bng phng, rn nt, g ...), m-
un n hi ca mt ng hin hu theo Tiu chun ngnh 22TCN251-98
cng vi trng thi m ( m tng i), trng thi cht ( cht) ca t
nn lc o.
+ Thu thp cc thng tin v qu trnh duy tu bo dng, sa cha mt ng v
cc bin php p dng x l cc on mt ng thng hay b h
hng sm hn cc on khc.

18.8.- H thng thot nc : Cn ch thu thp ti liu, thng tin v :

Tnh hnh hot ng ca h thng thot nc (bao gm ton b h thng cu,
cng v cc loi rnh) trn ng hin nay; ch tm hiu nguyn nhn cc
on b nc l trn ng, cc cng trnh cu, cng v nn ng cc loi
(nn ng thng thng, ng trn, ng thm v.v..) b nc l ph hoi.
Cc thng tin ny cn kt hp gia s liu thu thp C quan qun l ng v
kt qu iu tra thc a.

18.9.- Cc cng trnh khc trn ng :

Cc cng trnh khc trn ng nh tng chn, hm, tng ph bo v ta-luy
nn ng v.v... cn th hin y v kch thc cng nh v cht lng. Ch
n nhng ch c vt nt, gy, ln.

18.10.- Cc cng trnh tm:

i vi cc cng trnh tm nh cc tiu, bin bo, cn thng k y s lng
v xc nh v tr ln bnh tuyn. i vi bn ph, ng ngm... cn m t
v kt cu cng trnh v kh nng phc giao thng trong nm.

18.11.- iu tra giao thng.

56
18.11.1.- iu tra lu lng xe cc loi v thnh phn on xe t trn tng on ch
yu da vo s liu thng k hng nm ca C quan qun l ng, khi cn
c th t chc m xe b sung cc v tr thy cn thit.
18.11.2.- Thu thp cc s liu v tai nn giao thng (ch yu C quan cnh st
giao thng), tm hiu nguyn nhn v cc gii php khc phc ca cc C
quan qun l ng.
18.11.3.- iu tra tnh hnh hot ng v cng sut ca cc bn xe lin quan n
ng ng k.

18.12.- ng k cu :
Vi mi cng trnh cu cn thu thp cc s liu sau :
+ V tr (l trnh, tn dng chy ).
+ Loi cu (g, thp, BTCT, ).
+ Tnh cht cng trnh (tm, bn vnh cu, vnh cu).
+ Tnh trng ti trng hin ti.
+ Cc kch thc ch yu ca m, tr, kt cu nhp.
+ Kh tnh khng.
+ Cc tnh hnh v thu vn, thu lc.
+ Cc cng trnh ph tr nh gia c, nn dng chy (nu c ).
+ Nm xy dng v cc ln i tu (nu c ).

18.13.- ng k cng (cc loi ) :

Vi mi cng cn thu thp cc s liu sau :
+ Loi cng (trn, hp, bn chm, tam gic,... ).
+ Vt liu lm cng (g, gch, b tng, BTCT, thp,... ).
+ Cc kch thc ch yu ca thn cng, u cng v cc b phn ph tr.
+ Cc tnh hnh v thu vn, thu lc.
+ Tnh trng ti trng hin ti.
+ Tnh hnh nn ng trn cng.
+ Nm xy dng (nu c ).
D.- ng k m vt liu

18.14.- Thu thp cc thng tin v cc m vt liu xy dng ang khai thc trong khu
vc nh hng ca ng ng k v :
+ Cng sut ca m v phng php khai thc.
+ Loi VLXD ang khai thc (t, , cp phi ... ).
+ S liu th nghim nh gi cht lng VLXD.

57
 + Tr lng ca m.
+ H thng v cht lng ng t m VL n tuyn ng XD
+ Bnh khu vc m (c khu khai thc v khu qun l). Khi n v khai thc
m khng c ti liu ny th cn s ho khu vc m ln bn tuyn ng
ng k.
E.- ti liu phi np

18.15.- Kt thc cng tc ng k, n v kho st phi np cc h s, ti liu sau :

(1) Cc ti liu v ng k tuyn.
(2) Cc ti liu v ng k nn ng hin hu.
(3) Cc ti liu v ng k mt ng hin hu.
(4) Cc ti liu v ng k v cc loi cng trnh.
(5) Cc ti liu v tnh hnh khai thc ng hin hu.

chng mi chn - kho st thu vn

trn ng hin hu

19.1.- Kho st thu vn trn ng hin hu ch thc hin mt bc, tp trung vo

bc kho st thit k k thut v chia lm hai trng hp :
+ Cc on tuyn i xa ng hin hu.
+ Cc on tuyn i trng ng hin hu hoc c ci tuyn nhng khng
cch xa ng hin hu qu 100 - 200 m.

19.2.- Cc tuyn trnh ln c chiu di t 20 km tr ln v nm cch xa ng hin

hu (khong t 0,5 km tr ln), kho st thu vn thc hin bnh thng nh
cc Chng 3, Chng 8, Chng 12 theo nhim v ca bc kho st
(NCTKT, NCKT, TKKT, BVTC).

19.3.- Cc on tuyn vn i trn ng hin hu hoc i gn ng hin hu (tuyn

trnh nh hn quy nh iu 19.2), trc khi thc hin kho st hin trng
cn su tm, thu thp v tn dng cc h s kho st thu vn thc hin
trong cc ln kho st thit k trc, cc h s ti liu v qun l, khai thc
cng trnh, t lp chng trnh, k hoch i o c, kho st b sung thc
a.

19.4.- Khi kho st hin trng cn ch tm hiu cc nguyn nhn: ngp lt nc

chy trn qua mt ng; xi l ta-luy nn ng; cc b phn ca cng trnh
cu,cng b h hng do nc l gy ra. Kt qu iu tra cn th hin y
trn cc h s tuyn v cng trnh.
19.5.- Cc cng trnh cu, cng cn nghin cu xem xt tnh hp l ca tng cng
trnh v v tr, kh nng thot nc, mc nc dng thng lu cu, cng, tnh

58
 hnh si l lng sui v m cu, nhng nh hng bt li i vi min thng
lu v h lu ca cng trnh.
19.6.- Cn c vo h s ti liu c thu thp c, vo kt qu iu tra C quan
qun l, vo kt qu xem xt hin trng, n v kho st xc nh phm vi
kho st thu vn v tuyn cho tng on, v cng trnh cho tng v tr c th
v thc hin cng tc ny theo cc phn vic lin quan cho tuyn ng, cho
cng trnh thot nc nh nh quy nh Chng 13.
19.7.- Nu trong thi gian t khi a ng vo khai thc n khi tin hnh kho st
nu c xy ra cc hin tng thu vn c bit v thay i a hnh tuyn
ng v cng trnh thot nc nh, th bt buc phi iu tra kho st o c,
su tm s liu, ti liu v cc hin tng trn a vo h s kho st
ng hin hu theo ng yu cu ca Chng 13.
19.8.- H s kho st thu vn trn ng hin hu gm :
+ i vi cc on tuyn trnh ln (nh quy nh iu 19.2) h s kho st
thu vn quy nh nh iu 13.15 Chng 13.
+ i vi nhng on tuyn vn i theo ng hin hu (hoc tuyn trnh i
gn ng hin hu ), h s kho st thu vn phn ra nh sau :
(1) V tuyn ng bao gm :
- Thuyt minh tnh hnh kh tng thu vn v kho st thu vn.
- Cc s liu,ti liu iu tra tnh hnh l lt v s ph hoi ca dng nc n
nn ng.
- Bnh , mt ct dc, mt ct ngang cc on b xi l, cc cng trnh bo
v nn ng b dng nc ph hoi.
- Mt ct dc mt nc ca cc mc nc iu tra b sung (theo hnh ct dc
ca tuyn ng).
- Cc vn bn lm vic vi Chnh quyn a phng v cc C quan hu quan.
- Cc bn v v cc s liu, ti liu thu vn, a hnh v cc ti liu lin quan
khc su tm c.
(2) V cng trnh thot nc nh, cng trnh chnh tr un nn dng nc, cng
trnh bo v v.v..., tn dng cc h s c trc y b sung thm cc
phn iu tra mi; cng trnh no khng c h s c th lp h s mi theo
ni dung v s lng quy nh iu 13.15 Chng 13.

Chng hai mi - kho st CCT trn ng hin hu

A. Mc ch nhim v

20.1.- Mc ch ca kho st CCT trn ng hin hu l:

- Thu thp cc ti liu CCT hin c lu tr ti cc c quan qun l, nht l c
qun l ng;

59
 - Tin hnh mt s cng vic kho st cng vi s liu thu thp phc v cho
thit k m rng hoc nng cp.

20.2.- Nhim v ca kho st CCT l:

- Thu thp ti liu a cht nn ng, mt ng, mi dc; ng thc trng v
nn mt ng hin hu;
- nh gi kh nng s dng nn ng hin hu kt hp vi kh nng ci
tuyn, trnh tuyn theo yu cu ca nhim v c giao;
- Thu thp cc ti liu v hin trng ca cu, cng, cc cng trnh phng h
nh gi kh nng s dng li hoc phi thit k lm mi.
- Kho st vt liu xy dng (VLXD).

20.3.- Cng tc kho st CCT ng hin hu tu theo mc ch nng cp m rng

vi cc tiu chun nh th no m n nh c khi lng kho st, nhng
nht thit phi theo 2 giai on l lp BCKT v thit k k thut.

B. kho st CCT ng hin hu giai on lp BCKT

20.4.- Tu theo quy m cng trnh cng nh yu cu nng cp to ng hin hu

m n nh khi lng kho st cho ph hp.
Nu vic nng cp ci to ch nhm m bo b rng nn v l ng
hoc cng lp mt ng th khng tin hnh khoan bt k cng trnh no,
m ch o cng nn ng tiu chun 1km/1im o. Trong khi kt
hp o h pht hin kt cu ng c vi s lng 2km/1h o.
Nu vic nng cp ci to gm c vic xem xt (nng) cao tim ng, m
rng thm ln xe, nng cp ti trng cu cng th tin hnh kho st nh vi
ng lm mi.

C. Kho st CCT ng hin hu giai on TKKT

20.5.- Ni dung ca kho st CCT ng hin hu giai on thit k k thut cng

tng t nh trong giai on lp BCKT m n nh khi lng kho st.
Nu vic nng cp ci to ch nhm m bo b rng v nn v l ng
hoc tng cng lp mt ng th cng khng tin hnh khoan m ch o
cng mt ng theo tiu chun 1km/20im o theo Tiu chun ngnh
22TCN211-93 kt hp vi h o kt cu 1km/2h o.
Nu vic nng cp, ci to gm vic xem xt (nng) cao tim ng, m
rng thm ln xe, nng cp ti trng cu cng th tin hnh kho st nh i
vi ng lm mi.
i vi cc tuyn trnh cng p dng cc ni dung tng t nh i vi ng
lm mi.

60
 Ph Lc 1
cc qui nh v cc

1.- Cc cc tm, dng trong bc kho st lp BCNCTKT v BCNCKT c th l

cc tre hay cc g.
2.- Trong bc kho st lp thit k k thut v bn v thi cng quy nh v quy
cch cc nh sau :
+ Cc tim tuyn :
- i vi ng mi : cc g vung hay trn ng knh 7cm, di 40cm, chn
cc sn phng mc, mt cc c khc vit tn cc.
- i vi ng hin hu : ti tim l cc inh st ng knh 1,5cm, di 10 cm
ng chm xung ng, bn l ng c cc bo quy cch nh cc tim ca
ng mi.
+ Cc nh, cc du cc nh, cc mc cao lm bng b-tng, hnh tam gic
mi cnh 12 cm, di 40 cm.
+ Cc mc to v cao hng IV (GPS hng IV ) theo quy cch nh sau :
Mt mc : 40 cm x 40 cm
y mc : 50 cm x 50 cm.
Chiu cao mc : 45 cm.
B mc : 60 cm x 60 cm x 10 cm
Vt liu lm mc : b tng mc 200.
Tim mc : bng s.
Trn mt mc ghi k hiu v s hiu mc cng vi ngy, thng, nm xy dng.
+ Cc mc ng chuyn cp 2 v cao cp k thut theo quy cch nh sau :
Mt mc : 20 cm x 20 cm.
y mc : 30 cm x 30 cm.
Chiu cao mc : 40 cm.

61
 Vt liu lm mc : b tng mc 200.
Tim mc : bng s.
Trn mt mc ghi k hiu, s hiu v ngy, thng, nm xy dng.

PhLc 2

nhng quy nh v cng tc bo v ng b

(Trch iu l bo v ng b)

1.- Hnh lang bo v cc cng trnh giao thng ng b quy nh nh sau :

a).- i vi ng :
- Tnh t chn mi ng p v nh mi ng o hoc t mp ngoi rnh
dc hay rnh nh ca ng tr ra hai bn, c th :
+ H thng ng quc l l : 20m.
+ H thng ng tnh l l : 10m.

b).- i vi cu, cng, bn ph, cu phao :

- Tnh t u cu, cng tr ra pha ng c bn knh l :
+ Cu di trn 60m : 100m.
+ Cu di t 30 n 60m : 80m.
+ Cu di di 30m : 60m.
+ Cng cc loi : 30m.
- Tnh t tim cc cu, tim bn ra hai bn pha b sng, trn mt sng l :
+ Cu di trn 60m : 150m.
+ Cu di t 30m n 60m : 100m.
+ Cu di di 30m : 80m.
+ Bn ph (ph thng ) : 100m.
+ Bn ph (ph t hnh) : 150m.
+ Bn cu phao : 100m.

c).- i vi pha trn khng :- Tnh t tim mt cu, tim mt ng tr ln l: 4,50m.

62
 Ring i vi ng dy in cao th th tnh t im vng thp nht ca dy
i vi tim mt cu, mt ng l:
- ng dy c in p di 110 KV: 7m.
- ng dy c in p 110 KV n 220 KV: 8m.

2.- Trong phm vi hnh lang bo v, ng b:

a).- Nghim cm xy dng nh ca, lu qun, kho tng, cng trnh (tm thi hoc
vnh cu) hay ly t v.v...
b).- Nhng nh ca, cng trnh, kho tng v.v... c trc ngy ban hnh iu l
ny nu xt thy khng nh hng ti s n nh, bn vng ca ng v an
ton giao thng th tm thi c li nhng khng c pht trim thm.
Trng hp phi cn thit o bi hoc thu hp li th gii quyt nh sau:
- Cc cng trnh nh ca v.v... thuc a phng qun l hay ca nhn dn
th y ban nhn dn tnh thng bo cho cc c quan x nghip hoc nhn
dn c ti sn ri i trong mt thi gian nht nh v cng B GTVT bi
thng nu c giy php xy dng ca cp c thm quyn.
- Cc cng trnh, nh ca v.v... thuc c quan Trung ng qun l v trc
y xy dng c giy php ca c quan c thm quyn th B GTVT v u
ban nhn dn tnh bn vi c quan c ti sn gii quyt hoc trnh Hi
ng B trng xem xt v quyt nh.
c).- Cc nh ca, kho tng, l vi, l gch v.v... lm mi phi xy dng ra ngoi
hnh lang bo v ng b l 15m. Cc trm vt t, ca hng v.v... cnh
ng c xe ra vo, i li thng xuyn phi c bi xe ring khng nh
hng n giao thng.
d).- Trng hp kh khn c bit cn xy dng cc cng trnh iu, knh
mng phi c B GTVT (nu l ng do B GTVT qun l) chp thun
v thng nht v cc cng trnh bo v cu ng th mi c xy dng.
e).- c php trng hoa mu nhng phi trng cch chn mi ng p t nht
l 20m v cch nh mi ng o l 15m.

3.- Cc ct in tn,in thoi v.v...phi t cch mp nn ng mt khong cch t

nht bng chiu cao ca ct. Trng hp kh khn khng m bo c th c
quan c ng dy phi bn bc vi ngnh hoc a phng c trch nhim
qun l ng gii quyt.

4.- Nhng ng ngang ni t ng chnh vo c quan x nghip, xm lng u phi

o, p cao bng mt ng chnh.
Trng hp khi xy dng ng chnh ct ngang ng vo c quan, x nghip,
xm lng c trc th phi tn cao hoc h thp mt ng ngang bng mt
ng chnh mt on nht nh m bo s i li bnh thng trn ng
ngang.

63
 Ph lc 3
cc mu biu v thu vn

Ph Lc 3.1
mu bo co tnh hnh sng G...... (v d )
(on v tr cu X......km.......+....... )
Ngy........thng.......nm......
I.
1. H v tn iu tra vin:............................................................................................
Chc v:.......................................; n v kho st ..............................................
2. H v tn ngi c phng vn, iu tra: ............................................................
Tui: ..........; Ngh nghip:.........................; S nm sng ti a phng :...........
3. Thi gian iu tra: Ngy ...... thng....... nm.........

II. Ni dung iu tra:

1. c trng v ch l ca S,G ........
- Ma l bt u t thng ...... v kt thc vo thng .........
- Mc nc l cao nht thng sut hin vo thng ............. v ko di
trong......... gi (hoc ngy).
- Thi gian tp trung nc (thi gian tnh t khi bt u ma ro cho n khi nc
sng bt u ln cao) :........ pht v thi gian l rt k t khi tnh ma :.......
pht (p dng i vi sng sui nh)
- Tc mc nc sng ln (ln nht ) : ......... m/h ; Tc mc nc xung khi
l rt (ln nht) : ....... m/h.
- Ngun gc pht sinh mc nc ln : Do ma hay do ma ln+ nh hng ca c
thu triu .......

2. c trng v ch dng chy ca S.G. on ................................. ....................

- Chiu rng ngp trn v ma l : ...... m, v ma cn: ...... m

64
 - Sng c nc chy thng xuyn: (+ ) hay khng thng xuyn ( - ).
- Sng thng hay cong, c bi hay khng c bi, c cy mc hay khng c cy
mc; nc sng v ma l : c, c mang ph sa hay nc trong; ng knh
cui, si, ct lng sng chnh v bi sng d = ............; a cht bi sng : .........
- M t tc nc chy v ma l v ma cn .
- Tnh hnh vt tri v ma l : Loi vt tri , kch thc ln nht.

3. iu tra cc mc nc l lch s :
- Mc nc l ln nht :...........m v nm xut hin ..........................
- Mc nc ln th 2 :...........m v nm xut hin ..........................
- Mc nc l ln th 3:.......... m v nm xut hin ..........................
- Mc nc l trung bnh hng nm : .......... m
M t v tr cc cm mc nc iu tra ......................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

4. iu tra mc nc v ma cn :
- Mc nc thp nht : .......... m v nm xut hin .................................
- Mc nc trung bnh v ma cn : ............ m

5. Tnh hnh xi, bi, din bin lng sng ............................................................ ......

6. Nhng c im khc c nh hng ti ch l, ch dng chyv hin tng

xi, bi on sng:
Bn bo co ny c km theo s v tr cc cm mc nc iu tra. Di y l cc
cao mc nc iu tra c :
im mc nc cao nht : V tr s 1 (tng nh ng A) :............... m
V tr s 2 (trc nh tr s U ban) : ....... m
V tr s 3 (cy a cch bn 20m): .......... m
im iu tra mc nc l ln th 2: V tr s 5 : ........ m
V tr s 6 : ........ m
V tr s 7 : . .......m
im iu tra mc nc l ln th 3: V tr s 8 : ........ m
V tr s 9 : ........ m
im iu tra mc nc v ma cn: V tr s 10 : ....... m
V tr s 11 :....... m
Cc iu ghi chp khng c thiu st : Nguyn vn X ......... K tn
K s lp bo co : Nguyn H ................ K tn

65
Ngi cao c cc mc nc : Nguyn vn A.......... K tn
Ngi nhn bo co, i trng kho st: Hong vn M........ K tn

Ph lc 3.2
mu iu tra mc nc

1/ Mu iu tra mc nc dc tuyn :

on tuyn Mc nc lch s : Nguyn nhn c Mc nc thng

t km ......... mc nc ln xuyn:
Nm xut hin :
n km ........ Nht Nh Ba S ngy trong nm:
1 2 3 4 6 7

2/ Mu iu tra mc nc ti cc cng trnh thot nc:

Mc nc lch s :
c im ca sng
L trnh Nm xut hin: Nguyn nhn
c mc nc
cng trnh Nht Nh Ba dc / kin h s
ln
thot nc sng lng nhm
sng n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ghi ch :
Ct (1) - Theo trc dc ghi trn trc dc v bnh tuyn ng;
Ct (2), (3), (4) - Ghi cao mc nc lch s (t s) v nm xut hin (mu s)
Ct (5) - Ghi nguyn nhn ca mc nc cao (do l, do thu triu, do p thu
in,....);
Ct (6) - Ghi dc sng trong phm vi cng trnh thot nc bng cch o cao
lng sng (hay ng mt nc) hai mt ct, cch thng lu v h lu
cng trnh khong 20 - 50m:
Ct (7)- Thuyt minh iu kin chy ca lng sng theo nhng c im nh cch
phn loi ca bng ph lc 6. N l c s chn h s nhm lng sng
khi tnh ton lu lng theo phng php hnh thi.

66
Ct (8) - Da vo iu kin chy ca lng sng, theo bng ph lc 3. 3.6.1 chn h
s nhm n.
Cc ct 2, 3, 4 v 6 ca mu h s 1 : T s ch mc nc v mu s ch nm xut
hin .
3/ Phng php, iu tra mc nc :
a) Theo cc s liu quan trc ca cc trm theo di mc nc ca cc c quan kh
tng thu van v cc c quan chuyn nghnh.
Khi thu thp s liu ca cc trm theo di mc nc cn ghi r mc cao c theo
h mc ca nh nc hay l mc tao c tng i ca a phng.
b) iu tra qua nhn dn:
Phng php ny da vo ng bo a phng sng lu ven sng iu tra mc
nc lch s (MNLS) v cc mc nc c trng khc (mc nc l trung bnh
hng nm, mc nc trung bnh thng thp nht v ma cn). Khi iu tra khng
nn ch tm nhng MNLS m ngi c chng kin, Cn iu tra c nhng s
liu v MNLS ca ng cha k li. m bo chnh xc, cc s liu iu tra mc
nc phi c thu thp t nhiu ngun, qua thm hi nhiu gni v i chiu vi
thc a. Khi iu tra tt c nhng iu ch dn ca h phi c ghi li thnh vn
bn theo quy nh (xem ph lc 3.1).
c) Da vo cc du vt l li trn thc a:
Nhng du vt do l li l :
- Cc vt tri cn mc li trn cy, b sng, khe .
- Vt xi trn cc vch , b sng.
- Vt l do vt xi b sng.
- ng gii hn cy c mc bi sng, ng thay i mu sc ca cy c. Vt
nc c mu sm nht l mc nc trung bnh, cn vt trn khng r lm l ng
vi chu k, l 5 - 10 nm.
- Vt l trn tng nh, bn sng, ....
d) Da vo a th :
Phng php ny p dng i vi vng khng c dn c v du vt cua MNLS
li khng r rng. Bng phng php o c bnh a th, cc mt ct ngang
vng sng kho st ri tin hnh quan st, phn tch da theo s cu to a th
chung ca thung lng, nhng nt chung v a hnh, a mo ca cc sng sui
ln cn xc nh MNLS v cc mc nc c trng khc.
e) Theo lu lng bit :
Nu do ngun cung cp no y bit c lu lng v tn xut xut hin ca n
th c th da vo cng thc thu lc (cng thc S di - Ma ninh, S di - Ba danh,
...) tnh ra mc nc l tng ng.
g) Theo ti liu o mc nc ca mt trm gn y:
Mc nc ti v tr cng trnh thot nc c xc nh bng cch lp quan h gia
cc mc nc ca hai mt ct ti trm X gn y v ti mt ct cng trnh thot

67
 nc v ko di ng quan h mc nc gia hai trm c MNLS ti v tr cng
trnh thot nc nu MNLS ti trm X bit MNLS ti v tr cng trnh thot nc
cng c th xc nh bng cch da vo dc on sng gia trm X .... v v tr
cng trnh thot nc chuyn MNLS t trm X... v v tr cu cng.

Ph lc 3.3
Mu biu iu tra c
trng a mo, a hnh lng sui

Chiu dc sui (% ) Chiu t

L trnh Tn lu di di lng H s
cu cng vc sui Trung Ti cu sng sui mLS
(m) bnh cng nhnh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Km0+ 500 1 1500 10 4 1700 7
Ghi ch :

Ct (1) : Theo l trnh ghi trn trc dc v bnh tuyn ng

Ct (2) : S hiu lu vc c k hiu bn v khoanh din tch lu vc
Ct (3) : Chiu di tnh theo dc sui t ni sui hnh thnh r rng n v tr cng
trnh
Ct (4) : dc trung bnh ca sui chnh theo lng sui
Ct (5) : dc ti cu cng ca sui
Ct (6): Tng chiu di cc sui nhnh c chiu di ln hn 0,75 chiu di sui
chnh, k hiu l
Ct (7) : Thuyt minh a cht ca lng sng v bi sng (nu c), iu kin nc
chy theo cch phn loi ca bng 3.5.3.
Ct (8) : H s mLS c xc nh theo bng 3.5.3.

Mu biu iu tra c
trng a mo, a hnh lng sui

dc sui
L trnh Tn Chiu di (% ) Chiu di t lng H s
cu cng lu vc sui Trung Ti sng nhnh sui m LS
(m) bnh cu
cng
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

68
Km 0 + 500 1 1500 10 4 1700 7

Ghi ch :
Ct (1) : Theo l trnh ghi trn trc dc v bnh tuyn ng
Ct (2) : S hiu lu vc c k hiu bn v khoanh din tch lu vc
Ct (3) : Chiu di tnh theo dc sui t ni sui hnh thnh r rng n v tr cng
trnh
Ct (4) : dc trung bnh ca sui chnh theo lng sui
Ct (5) : dc ti cu cng ca sui
Ct (6) :Tng chiu di cc sui nhnh c chiu di ln hn 0,75 chiu di sui
chnh, k hiu l
Ct (7) : Thuyt minh a cht ca lng sng v bi sng (nu c), iu kin nc
chy theo cch phn loi ca bng 3.5.3.
Ct (8 ) : H s mLS c xc nh theo bng 3.5.3.
Ph lc 3.4
mu iu tra
c trng a mo, a hnh lu vc
T l
L trnh Tn lu isd Loi Cp iu kin Cy c H s T l
nh
cu cng vc (% ) t t nc chy msd h ao
ca %
%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Km 0+500 1 20,2 St ct III Sch, T.bnh 0,25 0 < 20
khng b
cy xi
Km1+100 2
Ghi ch :
Ct (1) : Theo l trnh ghi trn trc dc v bnh tuyn ng
Ct (2) : S hiu lu vc c k hiu bn v khoanh din tch lu vc
Ct (3 ): dc sn dc lu vc, tnh bng phn nghn
Ct (4 ): Phn loi t theo loi t v hm lng ct nh cch phn bng 3.5.1.
Ct (5): Phn cp t theo cng thm c 6 cp (I,II,...) nh cch phn cp
bng 3.5.1.
Ct (6): iu kin nc chy trn b mt lu vc, c phn thnh 4 trng hp nh
cch phn bng 3.5.2.
Ct (7): Thuyt minh loi cy c v mt cy c (tha tht, trung bnh, rm rp)
Ct (8): H s nhm (h s cn) sn dc lu vc xc nh theo bng 3.5.2.

69
Ct (9): Thuyt minh t l h ao chim trn lu vc v s phn b h, ao (na phn
di hay na phn trn ca lu vc).
Ct(10): T l nh ca chim trn lu vc, ch cn nh gi ln hn hay nh hn
20%, khng yu cu kho st din tch chnh xc.
Ph lc 3.5
cc bng xc nh c trng a cht v a mo lu vc

Bng 3.5.1 - Phn cp t theo cng thm

Hm Cng Cp
TT Tn loi t lng ct thm t
(%) (mm/pht)

1 Nha ng, t khng thm, nham 0,01 I

thch khng nt
2 t st, st mu, t mui, t st ct 2 0,10 I
(khi m c th v thnh si, un cong 10 0,30 II
khng b t)
3 t ho tro, ho tro mnh 10 0,03 II
4 t tro cht st (khi m c th v thnh 14 0,50 III
si, un cong c vt rn) 15 0,60 III
5 St ct, t en, t rng mu tro 12 0,40 II
nguyn th, rng c c, t ho tro va 15 0,60 III
(khi m c th v thnh si, un cong c
vt rn) 30 0,85 III
6 t en mu m 14 0,50 III
30 0,85 III
7 t en thng 15 0,60 III
30 0,85 III
8 t mu l, mu l nht 17 0,70 III
30 0,90 III
9 t calci en ( nhng cnh ng c ht 17 0,70 III
t c mu tro en cha nhiu mc thc 40 0,90 IV
vt. Nu lp thc vt trn mt mng th
lit vo loi IV, nu dy thuc loi III. 60 1,20 IV
45 1,00 IV
10 t st ct, t en st ct, t rng, t
ng c (khi t kh v thnh si) 60 1,25 IV
70 1,50 V
11 t ct khng bay c (khng v thnh 80 2,00 V

70
 si c) 90 2,50 VI
12 Ct th v ct c th bay c (khi s tay 95 3,00 VI
vo c cm gic nhm, khng v thnh 100 5,00 VI
si c).
Bng 3.5.2 - H s nhm sn dc mSD

H s mSd trong trng hp mt

Tnh hnh sn dc lu vc cy c
Trung
Tha Dy
bnh
- Sn dc bng phng (b tng nha ng) 0,50

- t ng bng loi hay nt n, t san phng, 0,25

0,40 0,30
m cht

- Mt t thu dn sch, khng c gc cy,

khng b cy si, vng dn c nh ca khng 0.30 0,25 0,20
qu 20%, mt xp.

- Mt t b cy si, nhiu gc bi, vng dn c 0,20 0,15 0,10

c nh ca trn 20%

Bng 3.5.3 - H s nhm lng sng mls

Tnh hnh lng sng t thng ngun n ca ra H s mls

- Sng ng bng n nh, lng sng kh sch, sui khng c nc 11

thng xuyn, chy trong iu kin tng i n nh.

- Sng ln v va quanh co, b tc nghn, lng sng mc c, c , 9

chy khng m, sui khng c nc thng xuyn; ma l dng nc
cun theo nhiu si cui, bn ct, lng sng mc c.

- Sng vng ni, lng sng nhiu , mt nc khng phng, sui chy 7
khng thng xuyn, quanh co, lng sui tc nghn.

71
 Ph lc 3 .6
Xc nh lu lng theo phng php hnh thi
1/ Chn mt ct tnh lu lng:

Mt ct ngang tnh lu lng theo phng php hnh thi phi c cc tiu chun
sau y:
- Mt ct ngang phi nm trn on thng, nm ngoi phm vi nh hng ca nc
dnh t sng khc, ca thu triu, p nc.
- Phi chn nhng ni khng c bi hay bi hp, tt nht l mt ct ngang c dng
lng cho, hng nc thun li, song song v vung gc vi hng nc chy.
- Mt ct ngang lu lng tt nht chn trng vi mt ct sng ti cng trnh thot
nc. Trng hp ti v tr cng trnh thot, mt ct ngang sui khng m bo cc
yu cu tnh lu lng th c th chn pha thng lu hay h lu cu mt t.
Sau khi c c lu lng tnh ton, da vo cc cng thc thu lc tnh cc
c trng thu lc (chiu su nc chy, tc dng ch, tc bi sng) ca mt
ct sng ti v tr cng trnh thot nc.(Xem mc 3 ca ph lc ny ).

2/ Xc nh dc dc sng:

Mc ch ca vic xc nh dc dc sng l xc nh tc v lu lng

nc chy nu bit mc nc tnh ton, mt ct ngang v cc c trng hnh thi ca
lng sng.
dc dc v nguyn tc c xc nh theo ti liu o mc nc ng thi gia
ba mt ct thng lu, mt ct tnh lu lng v mt ct h lu v ma l. Tuy nhin
trong iu kin kh khn khng t chc o c c v ma l th c th o dc
mt nc thi im kho st hay o dc sng dc theo trc ng lc ca dng
chy (dc theo y su nht ca sng) v cho php s dng chng lm tr s dc
dng chy tnh ton.
Khong cch gia cc mt ct do d dc dc i vi sng sui nh t nht l 50m .
3/ Xc nh tc v lu lng nc:

Tc nc chy c xc nh theo cng thc sau y:

1 2/3 1/2
Cng thc S di - Ma ninh: V = h .I
n

72
 87
Cng thc S di - Ba danh: V = hi

1+
h

Trong : h - Chiu su trung bnh ca dng chy, h =
B
, B - Tit din v chiu rng dng chy.
, n - H s nhm tnh theo Ba danh v Maninh.

Trong tnh ton cc tr s v n nn xc nh theo s liu o tc dng chy o

bng my lu tc k hay bng phao trong thi gian kho st:

1 V
= 2/ 3 1/ 2
n h .I

87 h i
= 1 h
V

Trong : I - dc mt nc sng.

Trong trng hp khng c s liu thc t, tr s n v c th xc nh gn ng theo

ph lc 3.6.1.

Lu lng nc ng vi mc nc iu tra c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

1 2/ 3 1/2 1 2/ 3 1/2
Q = ch h ch I + b h I
n nb b
K hiu:
"ch" dng i vi phn dng ch;
"b" i vi phn bi sng.

Nu sng hp, chiu rng sng nh hn 10 ln chiu su nc chy (B < 10h ) th

trong cc cng thc trn phi thay "h" bng R =

Trong : l chu vi t
l tit din dng chy.

cc sng sui vng ni ngoi cng thc tnh tc nc chy theo S di c th

xc nh tc nc chy da theo ng knh nhng hn si, cui ln nht khi l rt
li d:
V = 5,5 d ( m/s )

Trong : ng knh si, cui tnh bng mt.

73
4/ Chn h s nhm sng thin nhin
Bng 3.6.1- H s nhm ca sng thin nhin
1
H s nhm lng sng n
TT n

1 - Sng thin nhin c nhng iu kin c 40 0,025 1,25

bit (b nhn nhi, dng thng khng tr
ngi, nc chy d dng)
2 - Sng vng ng bng lun c nc chy 30 0,035 2,00
ch yu l sng ln) iu kin nc chy v
lng sng sng c bit tt. Sng nc
chy c ma (sng ln v trung) tnh hnh
nc chy v hnh dng lng sng tt.
3 - Sng vng ng bng lun c nc chy 25 0,040 2,75
v tng i v tng i sch, hng nc
chy c I ch khng thng,hay thng
nhng y c I ch li lm (c bi ni, c
ch b xi su, c lc c). Song nc
chy c ma, lng sng l t, nc chy
d dng.
4 - Sng ln v trung c nhiu tr ngi cc b, 20 0,050 3,75
quanh co, c ch mc cy,c nhiu ,mt
nc chy khng phng, Sng chy c ma,
khi l v mang theo nhiu ct, bn, lng
sng c trn to hoc c mc che lp.
Bi ca ln v trung bnh, bi c mc c, bi
cy hay s vi s lng trung bnh.
5 - Sng chy c ma cc k tr ngi, khc 15 0,060 5,50
khuu, bi sng khng bng phng, cy c
mc nhiu, lng sng c ch nc xi.
Sng min ni c nhng cui v to,
mt nc sng khng phng.
6 - Sng c bi, cy c mc c bit rm rp 12,5 0,080 7,00
(nc chy chm) v c nhng vc do xi
su, rng.
7 - Sng min ni c nhiu ln, nc chy 12,5 0,080 7,00

74
 sinh bt tung to, mt nc khc khuu...

8 -Bi sng nh trn nhng hng nc chy 10 0,100 9,0

xin nhiu.Sng min ni c thc, lng
sng khc khuu c nhng to, nc chy
sinh bt nhiu v t ht mi m thanh, ni
vi nhau nghe tht kh khn.
9 - Sng nim ni c nhng c trng nh 7,5 0,133 12,00
trn. Sng c cy ci mc rm, c nhng
bi, c nhiu ch nc ng.Bi sng c
nhng khc cht rng, c nhng ch tht
su.
10 - Sng c bn tri. 5,0 0,20 20,00
Bi sng c cy ln mc rm.
Ghi ch: - Bng h s nhm trn tnh
vn tc nc chy ca sng theo cng thc
S di - Ma ninh v S di - Ba danh khi
khng iu tra c h s nhm ti thc
a.
Cng thc S di - Ba danh:
V = C. RI
87
C=
V
1+
R
Cng thc S di - Ma ninh:
1 2/3 1/2
V = C RI = R .I
n
1 1/6
C= R
n

Khi chiu rng sng ln hn 10 ln chiu

su nc chy th R h

75
 ph lc 4

cc nh ngha gii thch v a cht

Ph lc 4.1
ni dung v nhim v kho st CCT

A) Mc ch ca cng tc kho st CCT:

+ Thu thp cc ti liu v CCT v CTV cng vi cc ti liu khc la chn
phng n thit k hp l.
+ Xc nh cc iu kin xy dng v khai thc cng trnh.

B) Nhim v ca cng tc kho st CCT :

+ Tm hiu v nh gi iu kin CCT, bao gm a hnh, a mo, i cht kin
trc, a cht thu vn, a cht ng lc, vt liu xy dng v.v... trong khu vc
kho st .
+ Gii quyt nhng yu cu khc thuc phm vi CCT trong qu trnh kho st
thit k ni chung.
+ D bo kh nng xut hin v pht trin cc hin tng a cht ng lc trong
qu trnh xy dng v khai thc cng trnh.

C) Ni dung kho st CCT.

Ni dung kho st CCT gm: o v CCT, khoan thm d v th nghim CCT,
chnh l ti liu v lp h s kho st CCT.
+ o v CCT l cng tc phi c tin hnh trc tin lm c s cho nhng
cng tc tip theo bao gm cng vic xem xt iu tra bng mt hoc dng cc
dng c n gin tm hiu ngoi thc a. Ni dung ca iu tra o v CCT
l: Nghin cu ti ch nhng vt l t nhin trn nhng hnh trnh o v c
nhng nhn inh s b v iu kin CCT trong khu vc kho st.
Phm vi, ni dung v khi lng o v CCT ph thuc vo mc phc tp
ca i tng kho st, quy m cp loi cng trnh, mc nghin cu trc
v t l bn o v
+ Thm d CCT gm cc phng php sau y:
- Thm d bng cc h o, cc v tr bt lp ph. Dung c chnh l cuc, xng,
x beng hoc bng my o. H o c kch thc nh nht l 707070 cm.
Chiu su h o tu thuc vo yu cu thm d, thng thng t 2 n 5 mt.
Trng hp o qu su hoc o trong tng t mm yu, t ri xp, cn c
bin php chng m bo thnh vch n nh. Khi o bng my, ng
knh v chiu su h o khng hn ch.

76
 - Thm d bng cch bt lp ph c tin hnh xc nh chiu dy tng ph,
cao mt gc, v tr xut hin nc ngm, s bin dng cc mi dc nn
o v p. Loi ny c th thay th h o trong trng hp khng yu cu ly
mu nguyn dng hoc phi hp vi cc h o nhm t ti su yu
cu ti nhng ni c t yu. ng knh mi khoan thng t 20 n 25mm.
Chiu su thm d ln nht khng qu 10mt.
- Thm d bng khoan ng knh ln, trn 75 mm, bao gm khoan tay v khoan
my. Mc ch ca phng php khoan ny l tm hiu tnh hnh a cht
di su, ly mu t ,mu nc, th nghim CTV , hoc khoan vo tng
cng hoc na cng m cc dng c thm d khc khng thc hin
c.
- Thm d a vt l bao gm thm d in, thm d a chn, thm d trng
lc,thm d t lc v thm d phng x. Thm d in v thm d a chn
c s dng ph bin nht.

D) Cng tc th nghim CCT.

Cng tc th nghim hin trng nh xuyn tiu chun, xuyn tnh, ct cnh hin
trng, nn n hng, nn tnh bng bn ti trng v.v...c tin hnh trong
trng hp cn thit nhng phi tun th theo cc quy nh ca cc Quy trnh
hin hnh hoc cc Hng dn ca thit b. Cng tc th nghim t , nc,
vt liu xy dng cn phi tun th theo cc Quy nh hin hnh.

E) Cng tc chnh l v lp h s kho st CCT gm:

Chnh l cc ti liu gc hin trng:
- La chn, h thng ho cc mu t , mu nc;
- Chnh l nht k hin trng;
- Chnh l bn o v.
- Chnh l ti liu trong phng:
- Chnh l cc mt ct l khoan, h o, cc ti liu th nghim trong phng v
hin trng;
- Thnh lp cc mt ct CCT;
- Thnh lp bn CCT (hay s CCT) vi v tr cc l khoan, h o.
- Bo co CCT.
Ch thch. Hnh thc v ni dung ca H s kho st CCT phi tun th cc Quy
nh ca H s mu hin hnh
Khi thm d bng khoan, xuyn, ct cnh phi thc hin theo cc quy trnh sau:
- Quy trnh khoan thm d a cht 22TCN 25 - 99
- Ct cnh ASTM D2573 v TCXD 205-1998 B Xy dng
- Xuyn ASTM D1586

77
 Ph lc 4.2

Phn loi t c hu c v bn

1.- t dnh (ct pha, st pha, st) c m thin nhin ln hn gii hn chy
( st IL > 1) v c h s rng :

e0 0,9 i vi ct pha;
e0 1,0 i vi st pha;

e0 1,5 i vi st;

th u gi l bn.

2.- Tu theo hm lng thc vt, t c tn ph nh sau :

a) Hm lng thc vt t hn 10% l t ln thc vt.

b) Hm lng thc vt 10 - 60 % l t than bn ha.

c) Hm lng thc vt ln hn 60% l than bn.

Ph lc 4.3

Phn loi trng thi ca t

A. Xc nh trng thi ca t dnh theo IL v t ri theo Sr

Bng 1

Tn v trng thi t dnh st IL

Ct pha
Cng IL < 0

Do 0 < IL 1

Chy IL > 1

St pha v st

78
 Cng IL < 0

Na cng 0 < IL 0,25

Do cng 0,25 < IL 0,50

Do mm 0,50 < IL 0,75

Do chy 0,75 < IL 1,00

Chy IL > 1

Bng 2

Tn v trng thi t ri bo ho Sr

Ct t m Sr 0,50
Ct m t 0,50 < Sr 0,80
Ct bo ho nc Sr > 0,80

Ghi ch:

1. t dnh (t loi st) loi khng ln t c phn chia theo do IL

W Wp W Wp
IL = =
WL Wp Ip
2. bo ho nc xc nh theo cng thc:
W s
Sr = %
eo w
W = m thin nhin ca t
Wp = m ca t gii hn ln
Ip = ch s do Ip = WL Wp
e = h s rng ca t
s = t trng ca t
w = t trng ca nc (thng ly w = 1).

79
B. Xc nh cht ca t ri theo e
Bng 3

kt cu ca t ri
t ri Cht Cht va Ri rc
Ct ht trung v ht e < 0,55 0,55 < e 0,70 e > 0,70
th c si
Ct nh e < 0,60 0,60 < e 0,75 e > 0,75
Ct bi e < 0,60 0,60 < e 0,80 e > 0,80

Ph lc 4.4

xc nh trng thi ca t ti hin trng

A. Xc nh bng mt trng thi ca t dnh
Bng 4

Trng thi Cc du hiu

Cng v na cng p th v ra tng cc, bp trong tay t b vn ri

Do cng B mt thi t n s cong ri mi gy. Cc t ln dng tay

kh nn c thnh hnh theo mun.

Do mm Dng tay nn thnh hnh khng kh. Hnh nn ra gi c

nguyn dng theo thi gian

Do chy Nn t rt d dng. Hnh nn ra d b thay i ngay sau khi nn

Chy ln trn mt phng nghing t chy thnh lp dy (dng ci

li)

B. Xc nh cht ca t dnh khi o h

Bng 5

cht S kh d lc o h

Khng th n xng vo t. Mun o phi dng cuc chim,

Rt cht x beng, Tay khng th bp vn t

80
 Kh khn mi n c xng vo t. Dng tay c th bp
Cht t v thnh cc nh, nhng phi bp mnh

n c li xng vo t. Khi o ra t v thnh cc nh

Cht va c kch thc khc nhau

Dng xng xc t d dng. Khi ht t t li xng ra th

Ri rc t tch ra tng cc nh ring bit

C. Xc nh m ca t ri ti hin trng
Bng 6

m ca t ri Du hiu m t ca t ri
Kh Nhn khng thy nc, nm trong tay ri m ra th t li ri
rc ngay v ri xung t thnh tng ht

Nm trong tay c cm gic lnh, nm li ri m ra lc lc

Hi m trong lng bn tay th t v ra thnh tng cc nh.
t t giy thm di cc t th giy vn kh v ch sau mt
lc lu giy mi m.

Nm trong tay cm thy m t, sau khi m tay ra hnh

m t dng cn gi li mt lc ri mi v.
t t giy thm di cc t th giy b m rt nhanh v c
cc vt cu bn
Bo ho nc Thy nc r rng. Lc lc trong lng bn tay th t ra ra
hoc vn li thnh cc trn
Qu bo ho t yn t n ri ra; nc rt nhiu, chy lng

D. Xc nh cht ca t ri khi khoan

Bng 7

su mi khoan
cht ngp vo trong ct Nhng du hiu v cht lc dng lp b
(cm)

Cho lp b ri t do th ny ln ting vang anh

gn. Dng nhiu ln lp b mi xung c.
Rt cht Ti 10 Nu xoay th ng vch xung c nhng
chm. Ct khng nt cht vo u lp b.
Cho lp b ri t do, ting vang trm. Nu xoay
10 ~ 20 th ng mu xung c nhng chm. Ct

81
 Cht khng nt cht vo u lp b
Lp b ri t do nghe ting m (c). Khng
Cht va 20 ~ 50 xoay ng mu cng xung c mt t. Ct nt
cht vo u lp b
Lp b ri t do khng c ting vang, c cm
Xp (ri Ln hn 50 gic mm, mt ng vch t tt xung trc mi
rc) khoan. Ct nt cht vo u lp b.

Ph lc 4.5
phn cp t theo kh d khi khoan
Bng 8

Cp Tc
Tn t Loi t i din khoan
t
(m/gi)
- t trng trt khng c r cy;
t xp - Bn , than bn;
I - Cc loi t b ri : ct nh, t pha khng c si 8,5
mm
sn, hong th.

- t trng trt ln r cy hoc ln mt t si, cui

nh, di 3 cm;
II t cht - Ct chy khng p lc, ct nn cht;
va - t ct pha v st pha cha di 20% cui hoc 4,5
dm nh, di 3 cm;
- t st cht va.

- t st, st pha v ct pha cha trn 20% cui

hoc dm, nh hn hay bng 3 cm;
- t st cng;
- Ct chy c p lc, hong th cht;
- st c nhiu lp kp l ct gn kt yu hoc 2,3
III t cng st vi (c chiu dy di 5 cm);
mm - bt kt, ct kt gn kt bng st hoc vi khng
b cht;
- Than mm, than nu;
- Thch cao tinh th nh, thch cao b phong ha
dng t;
- Qung mng gan, qung st xi ha b ri
manhdit.

- Si sn ln nhng ht cui nh ca trm tch;

- bt kt, cha st. ct kt cha st, st
vi.
IV mm - vi c l hng hoc tuyf.
- st; st cha ct, st cha than. 1,5

82
 - Than cng va; than nu cng; cao lanh nguyn
sinh; thch cao kt tinh.
- u nt v pritt, phong ha mnh.
- Manhdt cht st.

- t ln nhiu dm cui;
- st, t st nn cht rt cht v cha nhiu ct.
- bt kt, ct kt gn kt bng vi.
V hi - Than cng, ngtraxt. 1,10
rn - Cc loi phin c thnh phn st-mica, mica,
clort, clort-st, xrixt.
- Secpngtinit; Secpngtinit ha.
- unit b phong ha.
- st cht st c cc lp kp lmt v xirt;
- st silc ha yu;
- bt kt; ct kt phenpt; ct kt vi;
- Cui ca trm tch
VI rn - vi st;
va - Cc loi phin thnh phn st-xrixt; thch anh- 0,65
mica; phin mica;
- Pocphiart, gabr clort ha v phn phin;
- unt khng b phong ha, pritt b phong ha;
- Qung st nu c l hng ln.
- Cui ca mc ma v bin cht;
- cui c di 50% cui mac ma ximng ct st,
cui kt c cui l trm tch v ximng vi;
- ct kt thch anh;
- lmt, vi;
- ct kt Phenpat v vi silic ha;
VII rn - phin silc ha y thnh phn mphibn 0,50
manhtt, hocnoblen, clort hocnblen..
- Pophiart pophia phn phin yu; Pophiart pophia
phong ha;
- Grant, xint, iort, gabr v cc mac ma khc
c ht th, ht va b phong ha;
- Qung st nu nhiu l hng.
- cui kt ca mac ma, ximng vi;
- lmt silc ha, vi silc ha;
- Cc loi phin silc ha, thnh phn thch anh-
clort, thch anh-xrixt, thch anh-clort-xrixt;
VIII rt - G nai, Hmatt-manhtt; 0,30
rn - Badan phong ha; iabaz poephia;
- An dt;
- irt iabaz b phong ha nh;
- Pritt, grant, xint, gabr ht nh b phong ha
v ht va v th b phong ha nh.

83
 - cui kt ca mac ma, ximng silc;
- vi skan. ct kt, vi, lmt silc ha;
- phin silc. Quc dt manhtt v hmatt gii
IX cng mnh; 0,20
chc - sng mphipbn-manhtt v xrixt ha;
- Tra chit, pophia silc ha. iabaz kt tinh mn;
- Cc Lipart, grant nh, vigrant grant ht nh,
grant-gnai, irt, iabaz... b phong ha nh v ht
va khng b phong ha;;
- Badan b phong ha nh.

- tri, tng ca mac ma v bin cht.

- Ct kt thch anh rn chc;
X rt - Quc dt khng u ht. Thch anh dng mch. 0,151
cng - Lipart, Rilit, Grant, Grant-gnai, Granirt ht nh;
chc Vigrant; Pecmatt cht st, Pocphiart thch anh ha
v sng ha mnh;
- Qung manhtt vmactt cht st c kp cc lp
cng;
- Qung st nu silc ha. Ba zan rn chc

c - phin silc;
XI bit cng - Quc dt- sng cha st rt cng; 0,10
- Thch anh rn chc.

XII cc - Ngc bch, sng, corinon, quc dt hon ton

k cng khng b phong ha. 0,04

Ph lc 4.6

gi tri C, ca t ct
( C bng kG/cm2 ; bng ) Bng 9

84
 Ch
Tn ca loi t c trng ca t khi h s rng e bng
tiu
0,45 0,55 0,65 0,75
Ct si sn v ct ht C 0,02 0,01
th 43 40 38
Ct trung C 0,03 0,02 0,01
40 38 35
Ct nh C 0,06 0,04 0,02
38 36 32 28
Ct bi C 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02
36 34 30 26

Ph lc 4.7

85
 p lc tiu chun trn t nn Rtc (kG/cm2)

(Dng cho nh ca tng chn)

A. t thng thng
Bng 10
Tn t Rtc

t hn to
1. Dm, cui c ct lp y l hng 6,00
2 Sn si l mnh vn ca kt tinh 5,00
3. Sn si l mnh vn ca trm tch 3,00

t loi ct Cht Cht va

4. Ct ht to khng ph thuc vo m 6 5
5. Ct ht va khng ph thuc m 5 4
6. Ct ht nh
a. t m 4 3
b. Rt m v bo ha nc 3 2
7. Ct bi (bt)
a. t m 3 2,5
b. Rt m 2,0 1,5
c. Bo ha nc 1,5 1,5

H s rng st
t loi st e IL = 0 IL = 1

8. Ct pha 0,5 3,0 3,0

0,7 2,5 2,0
0,5 3,0 2,5
9. St pha 0,7 2,5 1,8
1,0 2,0 1,0
0,5 6,0 4,0
10. St 0,6 5,0 3,0
0,8 3,0 2,0
1,1 2,5 1,0

Ghi ch Bng 10:

1. i vi cc t loi st c cc ch tiu gia cc ch tiu IL v e cho trong
Bng 14 th Rtc c php tnh bng phng php ni suy; bt u ni suy

86
 theo e i vi cc tr s IL = 0 v IL = 1, sau theo IL gia cc tr s Rtc mi
tnh c khi IL = 0 v IL = 1.
2. Phm vi p dng Bng 10 nh sau:

a) S liu cho trong Bng 10 c th s dng cho mng c chiu rng y t 0,6
n 1,5 m v chiu su t mng t 1 n 2,5m khng k nh thit k c
hm hoc khng c hm.

b) Vic quyt nh s b v cc kch thc mng nh v cng trnh khi nn cu

to bi cc lp t nm ngang ng u (trong gc nghing cho php
khng qu 0,1), p ngt ca cc lp t y trong phm vi 1,5 chiu rng
ca mng ln nht cng thm 1m khng tng, cng nh vic quyt nh kch
thc cui cng ca mng nh v cng trnh loi III v IV th c php p
dng p lc tiu chun Rtc trn t ghi trong Bng 14.
B. p lc tnh ton Rtc ca t loi st cng (IL < 0) xc nh theo kt qa th
nghim nn mt trc:
Rtc = 1,5 Rn
hoc c th ly Rtc = 4 - 10 kG/cm2 cho t ct pha
6 - 20 kG/cm2 cho t st pha
8 - 30 kG/cm2 cho t st
C. p lc tnh ton ca nn c xc nh theo cng thc:
Rtc = m K Rn
trong :
Rn l bn bnh qun khi nn mu t theo mt trc trng thi bo ha.
K l h s ng nht ca theo bn khi nn mt trc, khi khng c s
liu th nghim cho php ly bng 0,17.
Ghi ch:
1. Khi nn c phong ha mnh hoc nt n nhiu cng nh c b mm
ha th phi tin hnh th nghim p ti ch bng bn ti trng.
2. p lc tiu chun Rtc ch dng cho cc cng trnh nh ca, tng chn.

D. ng sut tnh ton ca t c l hng ln

Bng 11

87
 S bo ha Vi t hp ti Khi xt n t hp Vi t hp ti
th t nc trng chnh ti trng ph trng c bit

1 t m 2,5 3,0 4,0

2 Rt m 2,0 2,5 3,0

3 Bo ha 1,5 1,8 2,0

Ghi ch:
Tr s ng sut tnh ton vi t l hng ln cho trong Bng ng vi trng thi
bo ha, khng c tnh ln t; khi h s l hng ln hn 0,7 hoc sau khi sy
kh t c ln t tng i >0,02.

Khi h s rng b hn 0,7 hoc khi sy kh < 0,02 th ng sut tnh ton ca
t nn ly theo Quy trnh kho st a cht cng trnh ng st hoc Quy
trnh kho st ng t.

Ph lc 4.8

nh gi cc khu t v cc khu vc xy dng theo mc

phc tp ca cc iu kin a cht cng trnh
Bng 15

iu Loi phc Cu to a cht ca iu kin a iu kin a Cc hin tng

kin tp khu vc mo cht thy vn a cht hin ti

Cc lp t c Cc dng Gm cc i Khng c cc
th nm thoi hoc tch t bo cha nc thnh hin tng a
nm ngang. Nghin mn hoc lp khng thay cht hin i
cu v ct a tng cc dng i theo ng nguy him c
d. Thnh phn t bo mn, phng v chiu nh hng n
cc mt ct mi mn; dy. Nc ngm s nh gi cc
nghin cu ng a hnh d trong lp t a im v a
n I nht. S sp xp lp bn trm tch ng cht cng trnh.
lp nm ngang th v d xc nht. Thnh
gin
hin r rng. nh. phn ha hc
ca nc ngm
ng nht.

88
 C ph hy do un Cc dng C cc lp cha t c cc hin
np v ph hy do tch t-bo nc khng tng a cht
on tng. a tng mn; a ng u v trong khu vc.
Trung II phc tp hoc hnh c phng v
bnh nghin cu kh. nhiu thm chiu dy.
Thnh phn ca khng r Thnh phn ca
t thng thay rt. nc ngm
i. ng nht.
Ph hy on tng Gm cc C cc loi Cc hin tng
v un np phc dng a nc ngm a cht hin
Phc III tp. a tng phc hnh trc khc nhau c i pht trin
tp
tp v khng nghin ni v a quan h tng rng ri.
cu c. hnh vng h phc tp
Thnh phn t ni (nc caxt
v tng nghin v.v)
cu c t.

Ph lc 5
trch dn Tiu chun vit nam
TCVN 4054-98 "ng t - Yu cu thit k"
3.4 Cp hng ca ng

3.4.1 Cp ng c phn loi theo chc nng quy nh nh trong ct 1 bng 3, dng cho
cng tc qun l, khai thc sa cha ng.

Bng 3 - Cc cp hng qun l ca ng t

Cp hng Cp hng Tc tnh S ln xe Chc nng ch yu ca ng

qun l k thut ton Vtt (km/h) yu cu

I 6

II Cp 80 v 60 80 v 60 4 ng ni cc trung tm kinh t,

III 2 chnh tr, vn ho ln

ng ni cc trung tm kinh t,
chnh tr, vn ho ca a phng
IV Cp 60 v 40 60 v 40 2
vi nhau v vi ng trc t
hay ng cao tc

V Cp 40 v 20 40 v 20 2 hoc 1 ng ni cc im lp hng,
cc khu dn c

89
Ch thch - S ln xe yu cu c tnh ton theo iu 4.2 ca Tiu chun ny

3.4.2 ng t v mt k thut, c phn thnh cc cp hng theo quy nh bng 4.

Bng 4 - Cc cp hng k thut ca ng t

Cp hng k thut Tc tnh ton Lu lng thit k ti thiu

Vtt (km/h) xcq / n

80 80 3000

60 60 900

40 40 150

20 20 < 150

3.4.3 Tc tnh ton trong bng 4 l tc c dng tnh ton cc ch tiu k thut ch
yu ca ng trong trng hp kh khn .

3.4.4 Vic xc nh cc cp hng k thut ca ng cn c vo chc nng ca mi con ng

v vo a hnh ca vng t tuyn, vo lu lng xe thit k tuyn ng c hiu qa cao v
kinh t v tnh phc v. Phi lp lun chng kinh t k thut chn cp hng . Khi thiu iu
kin lp lun, c th tham kho cc quy nh trong bng 4 v bng 5.
Bng 5 - Bng la chn cp hng k thut theo chc nng ca ng
a hnh
Chc nng ca ng ng bng i Ni

ng ni cc trung tm kinh t, chnh tr, vn 80; 60 80; 60 60

ln

ng ni cc trung tm kinh t, chnh tr, vn

ho ca a phng vi nhau v vi ng trc 80; 60 60; 40 40; 20
t hay ng cao tc

ng ni cc im lp hng, cc khu dn c 40 40, 20 20

Ch thch - Phn bit a hnh c da trn c s dc ngang ph bin nh sau :

ng bng < 10% ; i t 10 n 25 % ; Ni > 25%

3.4.5 Cc on tuyn phi c mt chiu di ti thiu theo thng nht mt cp hng. Chiu di
ti thiu ny , vi cp 80 v 60 l 10 km, vi cp 40 v 20 l 5 km. Tc tnh ton cc on
ng lin k nhau khng c chnh lch qu 20 km/h.

90
3.4.6 Trng hp tuyn i qua vng ng bng v i thp c bit c im khng ch c
gim tc tnh ton n tr s nh trong cng mt cp qun l ng, nhng c th khng gim
b rng mt v nn ng.

4. Mt ct ngang

4.1 Quy nh chung

4.1.1 B mt nn ng gm c phn xe chy v l ng, khi cn thit phi c di phn cch

L ng khi Vtt 40 km/h c mt phn gia c. Khi phn xe chy c t 4 ln xe tr ln, gia
nn b tr di phn cch. B rng ca di phn cch ly theo quy nh ca iu 4.4.1 v bng 7.
Phn gia c ca l cu to n gin hn so vi mt ng (bt lp, bt chiu dy lp, dng vt
liu km hn) nhng lp mt ca n phi lm cng vt liu vi mt phn xe chy. Khi Vtt = 40
km/h , phn l gia c c lm bng vt liu khc vi lp mt phn xe chy.

4.1.2 Chiu rng ti thiu cc yu t mt ct ngang ca cc cp hng ng c qui nh bng

6

Bng 6 - Cc yu t ti thiu ca mt ct ngang n v tnh bng mt

Cp hng k thut
Cc yu t

20 40 60 80

Phn xe chy 1 3,50 2 3,00 2 3,50 2 3,50

Phn l ng 2 1,50 2 1,50 2 2,50 2 3,00

Phn c gia c - 2 1, 00 2 2,00 2 2,50

B rng ti thiu ca nn ng 6,50 9,00 12,00 13,00

Ch thch - Bng 6 cha xt n b rng ln xe p v xe th s ,gii phn cch theo iu 4.4

4.2 Phn xe chy

4.2.1 Phn xe chy gm mt s nguyn cc ln xe. Con s ny nn l s chn, tr trng hp

hai chiu xe c lng xe chnh lch ng k hoc c t chc giao thng c bit.

4.2.2 S ln xe trn mt ct ngang c xc nh theo cng thc :

Ncgi
nlx =
Z.Nlth

91
trong :

nlx l s ln xe yu cu, c ly trn theo iu 4.2.1;

Ncgi l lu lng xe thit k gi cao im, theo iu 3.3.3;

Nlth l nng lc thng hnh ti a, ly nh sau :

Khi c phn cch xe chy tri chiu v phn cch t vi xe th s 1800 xcq/h;

Khi c phn cch xe chy tri chiu v khng c phn cch t vi xe th s :

1500 xcq/h;

Khi khng c phn cch tri chiu v t chy chung vi xe th s: 1000 xcq/h;

Z l h s s dng nng lc thng hnh :

Vtt 80 km/h l 0,55.

Vtt = 60 km/h l 0,55 cho vng ng bng; 0,77 cho vng i ni;

Vtt 40 km/h l 0,77.

4.2.3 Chiu rng mt ln xe

Trong trng hp thng thng, chiu rng mt ln xe cho cc cp c qui nh nh sau :

Cp 60 km/h 3,50 m

Cp = 40 km/h 3,00 m

Cp = 20 km/h 3,50 m Khng c ln xe chy ring (xem bng 6)

4.3 L ng

4.3.1 Vi Vtt 40 km/h l ng c mt phn c gia c theo chiu rng quy nh trong bng
6.

4.3.2 ng t tc tnh ton 60 km/h tr ln c di dn hng. Di dn hng l vch sn

lin (trng hoc vng) rng 20 cm nm trn l gia c, st vi mp phn mt ng. cc ch
cho xe qua, nh nt giao thng, ch tch nhp cc ln... di dn hng k bng nt t theo
iu l bo hiu ng b.

4.3.3 Ti cc v tr c cc ln xe ph nh ln ph leo dc, ln chuyn tc..., cc ln xe ph s

th ch phn l gia c. Chiu rng phn l t cn li nu khng , cn phi m rng nn
ng m bo phn l t cn li ti thiu l 0,5 m.

92
4.3.4 ng dnh cho xe th s

ng c t 4 ln xe tr ln, b tr ng xe th s tch khi ln xe c gii. Cc cp ng cn

li khi trn ln xe c Ncgi t 750 xcq/h tr ln v lng xe p c trn 500 xe p/h/chiu cn
c phn mt ng ring cho xe p .

Chiu rng mt ng xe p ca mt hng tnh theo cng thc:

b = 1n + 0,5 m

trong n l s ln xe p theo mt hng.

Nng lc thng hnh mt ln xe p l 1000 xe p/h/mt chiu. ng xe p b tr 1 chiu,

bn tay phi ln t ngoi cng.

Chiu rng mt ng xe p phi kim tra kh nng lu thng ca cc loi xe th s khc.

Lp mt ca ng xe p phi c bng phng tng ng vi ln xe t bn cnh.

4.4 Di phn cch

4.4.1 Di phn cch ca ng Vtt 80 km/h gm c phn phn cch gia v hai phn an
ton (c gia c) hai bn. Kch thc ti thiu ca di phn cch xem hnh 2 v bng 7.

Bng 7 - Cu to ti thiu di phn cch gia n v tnh bng mt

Trng hp cu to Phn phn Phn an ton Chiu rng ti thiu

cch (gia c) di phn cch gia

C va, c lp ph, khng b tr

tr (ct) cng trnh 0,50 2 0,50 1,50

C va, c lp ph, c b tr tr 1,50 2 0,50 2,50

cng trnh

Khng c lp ph 3,00 2 0,50 4,00

4.4.2 Khi nn ng c tch thnh hai phn ring bit, chiu rng nn ng mt chiu gm
phn xe chy v hai l, l bn phi cu to theo bng 6, l bn tri c chiu rng l gi nguyn
nhng c gim chiu rng phn l gia c cn 0,50 m. Trn phn l gia c, st mp mt ng
vn c di dn hng rng 0,20 m.

4.4.3 Khi di phn cch rng di 3,00 m, phn phn cch phi ph mt v bao bng b va.

93
Khi di phn cch rng t 3,00 n 4,50 m :

- nu bao bng b va th phi m bo t phn phn cch khng lm bn mt ng

(t thp hn va);

- nu khng bao b va th phi trng c hoc cy bi gi t.

Khi di phn cch rng trn 4,50 m ( d tr cc ln xe m rng, tch i nn ng ring

bit) th nn cu to trng, c cng trnh thu nc v khng cho nc thm vo nn ng. Cu
to l ng theo iu 4.4.2.

4.4.4 Phi ct di phn cch gia lm ch quay u xe. Ch quay u xe c b tr :

- cch nhau khng di 500 m (khi di phn cch nh hn 4,5 m) v khng qu 2 km (khi
di phn cch ln hn 4,5 m).

- trc cc cng trnh hm v cu ln.

Chiu di ch ct v mp ct ca di phn cch phi cho xe ti c 3 trc quay u.

4.5 Tnh khng

4.5.1 Tnh khng l gii hn khng gian nhm m bo lu thng cho cc loi xe. Khng cho
php tn ti bt k chng ngi vt no, k c cc cng trnh thuc v ng nh bin bo, ct
chiu sng... nm trong phm vi ca tnh khng.

4.5.2 Tnh khng ti thiu ca cc cp ng c quy nh nh trn hnh 3. Tr s chiu caotnh

khng H ( k c trong hm ) c quy nh y cha k n phn d tr cho vic tn cao mt
ng khi i tu theo chu k hoc khi tng cng nng cp .

4.5.3 Trng hp giao thng xe p (hoc b hnh) c tch ring khi phn xe chy ca
ng t, tnh khng ti thiu ca ng xe p v ng b hnh l hnh ch nht cao 2,50
m, rng 1,50 m. Tnh khng ny c th i st tnh khng ca phn xe chy ca t hoc phn
cch bng di phn cch bn.

4.5.5 Chiu rng ca ng trn cu:

Vi cu ln (chiu di 100 m); chiu rng ng theo tiu chun tnh khng ca thit k cu.

Vi cu trung (chiu di < 100 m) chiu rng ng ly bng phn xe chy cng vi b rng cn
thit m bo nng lc thng hnh ngi i b v xe th s. Nhng khng rng hn b rng nn
ng.

Vi cu nh (chiu di < 25 m) chiu rng ng bng kh cu.

94
4.6 Ln ph leo dc

4.6.1 Ln ph leo dc c b tr trn ng Vtt 80 km/h ng thi tha mn 3 yu cu sau:

1- ng c t 4 ln xe tr xung;

2- Khi dc dc ln hn 3% v di hn 800 m. Chnh lch tc xe ti ph bin vi tc xe

con trn 30 km/h;

3- Lp lun kinh t k thut c xt ti thi gian tit kim c ca xe con khi lm ln ph leo
dc.

4.6.2 Cu to ca ln ph leo dc:

- chiu rng ca ln ph leo dc l 3,50 m, trng hp kh khn cho php rt xung 3,00 m;

- ln xe ph c th b tr:

+ i st v bn tay phi vi phn xe chy chnh, cch nhau bng di dn hng, rng
0,20 m. Pha ngoi ln ph leo dc, phn l t cn li phi c chiu rng ti thiu
0,50 m;

+ i c lp trn nn ng ring, lc phi d tr iu kin vt xe cho mt xe cht

nm trn ng.

- on chuyn tip sang ln xe ph v t ln xe ph tr li ln xe chnh c m rng 1 : 10.

5. Bnh , mt ct dc v s phi hp cc yu t ca tuyn ng

5.1 Tiu chun k thut ch yu

Tiu chun k thut ch yu ca ng t cc cp hng c qui nh trong bng 9.

Bng 9 - Tiu chun k thut ch yu ca ng t

STT Cc ch tiu Tc tnh ton (km/h)

20 40 60 80

1 dc siu cao ln nht, % 6 6 6 6

2 Bn knh ng cong nm nh nht (ng vi siu cao 15 60 125 250

6%), m

3 Bn knh ng cong nm nh nht thng thng 40 125 250 400

(ng vi siu cao 4%), m

95
 4 Bn knh ng cong nm khng cn lm siu cao, 100 200 500 1000
m

5 Chiu di tm nhn trc chng ngi vt c nh, m 20 40 75 100

6 Chiu di tm nhn thy xe ngc chiu, m 40 80 150 200

7 Chiu di tm nhn vt xe, m 100 200 350 550

8 dc ln nht, % 9 8 7 6

9 Bn knh ng cong li nh nht, m 200 700 2500 4000

10 Bn knh ng cong lm nh nht, m 100 450 1000 2000

5.3 Cc yu t tuyn ng trn bnh

5.3.1 Trn bnh , tuyn ng gm cc on thng v cc on ng cong trn. ng c

Vtt 60 km/h gia ng thng v ng cong trn c tip ni bng ng cong chuyn tip
cltit.

5.3.2 Chiu di cc on ng thng khng di qu 3 km.

5.3.3 Gia cc ng cong trn, phi c on chm di:

- b tr cc ng cong chuyn tip; v

- khng nh hn 2V (m) gia hai ng cong ngc chiu. (V l tc tnh ton km/h).

5.3.4 Trn a hnh ni, ng c Vtt < 60 km/h khng bt buc p dng iu 5.3.3, nhng
on chm cn b tr chuyn tip cc yu t siu cao.

5.4 ng cong trn bnh (ng cong nm)

5.4.1 Tr s bn knh ng cong nm nn bm st a hnh v to iu kin tt cho xe chy

(theo bng 9).

Ch trng hp kh khn mi c vn dng bn knh ng cong nm nh nht. Khuyn khch

dng cc ng cong nm c bn knh nh nht thng thng tr ln.

5.4.2 Khi ci to ng c, gp trng hp kh khn cho php lu li trn cc on tuyn c

nhng bn knh nh nht ca cp ng thp hn mt cp so vi cp thit k.

5.5 m rng phn xe chy trong ng cong

96
5.5.1 Trn cc ng cong trn bnh c bn knh nh hn 250 m, phn xe chy c 2 ln xe
phi c m rng nh quy nh trong bng 10.

5.5.2 Khi phn xe chy c trn 2 ln xe th vi mi ln xe c m rng bng 1/2 tr s ghi

trong

bng 10.
Bng 10 - m rng phn xe chy hai ln xe trong ng cong trn bnh

n v tnh bng
mt

Khong cch
Bn knh ng cong trn bnh trong phm vi (m)
Trng t trc sau
hp ca xe ti u 250 <200 < 150 <100 <70 <50 <30 <25 <20
mi xe ~200 ~ 150 ~ 100 ~ 70 ~50 ~30 ~25 ~20 ~15

1 5 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,8 2,2 2,5

2 8 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,2 1,5 2,0 - - -

3 5,2 + 8,8 0,8 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 - - - -

Trng hp I p dng cho cc ng Vtt 20 km/h. Trng hp II p dng cho cc ng Vtt

60 km/h. Trng hp III p dng khi c nhiu xe ko moc.

5.5.3 Phn m rng b tr pha bng ng cong. Khi gp kh khn (th d c vch pha
bng) cho php b tr pha lng hoc b tr ng thi pha bng v pha lng.

5.5.4 on ni m rng lm trng hon ton vi on ni siu cao v ng cong chuyn tip.
Khi khng c 2 yu t ny, on ni m rng c cu to:

- c chiu di m rng 1 m trn chiu di t nht l 10 m;

- trn sut on ni m rng, m rng c thc hin theo lut bc nht;

- on ni m rng c mt na nm trn ng thng v mt na nm trn ng cong.

5.5.5 Phn m rng c b tr trn din tch ca l gia c

Di dn hng (v cc cu to khc nh cc ln xe ph dnh cho xe p, b hnh nu c) phi

di chuyn sang tay phi m rng.

97
Nn ng khi cn thit phi m rng m bo phn l t cn li t nht l 0,50 m.

5.6 Siu cao v on ni siu cao

5.6.1 Siu cao l dc mt mi ca phn xe chy hng vo pha bng ng cong.

dc siu cao ln nht l 6%.

dc siu cao nh nht ly theo dc mt ng v khng nh hn 2%.

Siu cao ng vi cc bn knh cong nm c th ly theo cc s liu quy nh trong bng 11

Bng 11 - dc siu cao ng vi cc bn knh ng cong nm

Kch thc tnh bng
mt
Tc dc siu cao, % Khng lm
tnh ton 6 5 4 3 2 siu cao
km/h

80 250 275 >275 300 >300 350 >350 500 >500 1000 >1000

60 125 150 >150 175 >175 200 >200 250 >250 500 > 500

40 60 75 > 75 100 >100 200 > 200

20 14 50 > 50 100 - >100

Ch thch - ng c Vtt = 20 km/h.mt ng cp thp, dng dc siu cao ti thiu l 3%

5.6.2 Phn l ng trong ng cong cng c cng 1 dc siu cao nh phn xe chy.

5.6.3 Khi c 2 phn xe chy, c th lm 2 siu cao ring bit cho 2 phn xe chy.

5.6.4 Chiu di on ni siu cao Lnsc c xc nh:

( B + ) i sc
L nsc =
in
trong :

B l chiu rng phn xe chy , tnh bng m;

l m rng ca phn xe chy, tnh bng m;

isc l dc siu cao ;

in l dc nng siu cao, tnh bng phn trm:

98
 i vi ng Vtt = 20 - 40 km/h : 1% ;
i vi ng Vtt 60 km/h : 0,5%.

Lnsc khng nh hn ng cong chuyn tip (nu c) tnh bng mt.

5.6.5 on ni siu cao

Trn on ni siu cao, mt ct ngang hai mi c chuyn thnh mt ct ngang c dc siu cao
bng hai bc:

Bc chun b: cc b phn bn ngoi phn xe chy (l ng) nng ln c dc bng dc phn

xe chy bng cch quay quanh mp phn xe chy.

Bc thc hin, c tin hnh bng 2 phng php :

a) quay quanh tim ng nng phn ng pha lng ng cong cho c cng dc phn
xe chy, sau tip tc quay c phn xe chy v l gia c quanh tim ng cho ti khi t
dc siu cao;

b) quay phn ng pha lng ng cong quanh tim ng cho ti khi c mt ct ngang c
dc ngang ca phn xe chy (nh phng php a) sau quay quanh mp phn xe
chy pha bng c mt ct ngang cho ti khi t dc siu cao.

5.6.6. Khi c ng cong chuyn tip, on ni siu cao b tr trng vi ng cong chuyn tip.
Khi khng c, on ni siu cao b tr mt na ngoi ng thng v mt na nm trong ng
cong trn.

5.7 ng cong chuyn tip

5.7.1 B tr ng cong chuyn tip trn ng c Vtt 60 km/h.

5.7.2 ng cong chuyn tip c chc nng tip ni t ng thng vo ng cong trn v
ngc li.

ng cong chuyn tip b tr trng hp vi on ni siu cao v on ni m rng phn xe

chy.

Chiu di ng cong chuyn tip Lcht khng nh hn chiu di cc on ni siu cao v ni m

rng (Lcht khng nh hn 15 m), c tnh bng mt, theo cng thc :
Vtt3
L cht = , m
23,5 R

trong : Vtt l tc tnh ton ca cp ng, tnh bng kilmt/gi ;

99
 R l bn knh ng cong trn bnh , tnh bng mt.

5.7.3 ng cong chuyn tip l ng cong cltit c phng trnh c bn l:

R L = A2

trong : R l bn knh cong ti mt im chy trn ng cong, tnh bng mt;

L l chiu di cung tnh t gc ng cong ti im ta ang xt; tnh bng mt.

A l thng s ca ng cong. Thng s ny c chn cho thch hp nhng phi ln hn:

A RL ch

A > R/3

trong : R l bn knh ng cong trn bnh , tnh bng mt.

Lcht l chiu di ca ng cong chuyn tip, tnh bng mt.

5.7.4 C th dng ng cong parabol bc 3 hoc ng cong nhiu cung trn (cc bn knh
lin tip khng c ln hn nhau qu 2 ln) thay th ng cong cltit trong ng cong
chuyn tip.

5.8 Dc dc

5.8.1 Tu theo cp hng ca ng, dc dc ti a ca tuyn ng c quy nh trong bng 9.

Khi gp kh khn, sau khi lun chng kinh t c th tng dc dc1%so vi cc tr trong bng
9.

Cc tuyn ng i trn cao 2000 m so vi mt bin, c dc ti a khng qu 8%.

5.8.2 dc dc trong nn o khng c nh hn 0,5%. Trn cc on c bit cho php dc

dc trong nn o nh hn 0,5% nhng chiu di khng c di qu 50 m.

5.8.3 ng i qua khu dn c, nn dng dc dc nh hn 3%.

5.8.4. Dc dc trong hm (tr hm ngn hn 50 m) khng ln hn 3% v khng nh hn 0,3 %.

5.8.5 Chiu di ca dc dc khng vt qu cc qui nh trong bng 12.

Bng 12 - Chiu di ln nht trn dc dc n v tnh bng mt

Dc dc, Tc tnh ton (km/h)

% 20 40 60 80

100
 4 - 1500 1000 900

5 1200 1000 800 700

6 1000 800 600 500

7 800 600 400 -

8 600 400 - -

9 400 - - -

5.8.6. Chiu di cc on dc dc khng c nh hn cc tr s ghi trong bng 13. i vi cc

ng ci to nng cp , c dng tr s trong ngoc.

Bng 13 - Chiu di ti thiu cc on dc dc n v tnh bng mt

Tc tnh ton (km/h) 80 60 40 20

Chiu di ti thiu ca on dc dc, m 200 (150) 150 (100) 100 (70) 60 (50)

5.8.7 Trong ng cong nm c bn knh nh hn 50 m, dc dc ln nht phi chit gim

mt tr s ghi trong bng 14.

Bng 14 - Lng chit gim dc dc ln nht trong ng cong nm c bn knh nh

Bn knh ng cong nm, m 50 - 35 35 - 30 30 - 25 25 - 20 20

Lng chit gim dc dc 1 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

ln nht , %

101
 Ph lc 6

Li khng ch trc a
Li khng ch trc a trn lnh th Vit nam c chia ra cc loi li khng ch:
- Trc a nh nc,
- Trc a khu vc,
- o v .

1. Li khng ch trc a nh nc l c s khng ch o v cc loi bn a hnh

trn ton quc v p ng yu cu ca ngnh trc a cng trnh v nghin cu khoa hc.
Li khng ch trc a nh nc bao gm : Li khng ch mt bng v li khng ch cao.
Li khng ch mt bng nh nc c thnh lp theo cc phng php : Li tam
gic dy c Kho tam gic ng chuyn ; Li tam gic o cnh hoc phi hp gia
cc phng php trn.
Li khng ch cao nh nc c thnh lp ch yu bng phng php o cao hnh
hc ly mc chun 0 - l mc nc bin trung bnh ti trm nghim triu Hn du - sn -Hi
phng.
Li khng ch mt bng v cao nh nc c chia lm bn hng : I,II,III,IV, vi cc
ch tiu chun k thut c ghi trong ph lc 6.1 v 6.2

Li khng ch mt bng nh nc Ph lc 6.1

Cc yu t c Li tam gic cc hng Li ng chuyn cc hng

trng
I II III IV I II III IV
1. Chiu di 20 - 25 7 - 20 5-8 2-5 20 - - 3 0,25-2
cnh (km) 25
2.Sai s trung
phng o gc(
Tnh theo sai s
khp tam gic 0,7 1,0 1,5 2.0 0,4 1,0 1,5 2,0
hay dng
hnh khp kn )

3. Sai s trung
phng tng
i o cnh y
4.Sai s trung
phng tng 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/
i cnh yu 400000 300000 200000 120000

102
 nht .

5. Sai s trung 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/
phng tng 300000 200 000 120000 70 000
i o cnh
ng chuyn

6.Gi tr gc
1/300 1/ 1/ 1/
000 250000 200000 120000
nh nht trong
tam gic

7. Sai s khp
gc tam gic
cho php 400 300 300 300
8. Sai s trung
phng o cc
im thin vn
3 4 6 8
Laplas
- V 0.3 0,3
0,45 0,45 0.3 0,3
- Kinh
0,45 0,45
- Phng v 0,5 0.5
0,5 0,5

Li khng ch cao nh nc Ph lc 6.2

Cc yu t c Li cao cc hng
trng
I II III IV
1. Sai s trung
phng ngu
nhin trn 1 km 0,5 2,0 5,0 10,00
tuyn o
(mm)
2.Sai s h thng
trn 1 km tuyn o 0,05 0,4
(mm)
3. Sai s khp cho
php trn tuyn o
khp kn hoc ph
hp: fhcp (mm)
(L s km chiu di _ 5 L 10 L 20 L
tuyn o)

2. Li khng ch trc a khu vc mt bng cng nh cao l nhng mng li tng dy

li khng ch nh nc cc hng pht trin c lp vi h to , cao gi nh trn ton
khu vc nhm phc v cho cc yu cu o v bn a hnh t lu ln v cc cng tc kho st
thit k thi cng cc cng trnh nh : Thnh ph , khu cng nghip , giao thng , thu li v...v..

Li khng ch mt bng khu vc phm vi rng ln c th tng ng vi li khng

ch mt bng nh nc hng IV. Vi phm vi bnh thng th xy dng li gii tch cp 1, cp 2

103
hoc ng chuyn cp 1 , cp 2 . Li khng ch cao khu vc xy dng ch yu bng
phng php o cao hnh hc , thng thng l li thu chun hng IV v li thu chun k
thut . Cc ch tiu k thut li khng ch khu vc ghi trong bng ph lc 6.3

Li Trc a khu vc Ph lc 6.3

Cc yu t c trng Li tam gic gii tch Li ng chuyn Li thu

chun k
thut
Cp 1 Cp 2 cp 1 cp 2

1. Sai s trung phng o gc 5 10 5,0 10

2. Sai s trung phng tng i 1/50000 1/25000
cnh y(cnh khi u )

3. Sai s trung phng tng i 1/10000 1/5000

cnh yu nht

4. Sai s trung phng tng i

o cnh ng chuyn
1/20000 1/10000

5. Sai s khp gc tam gic cho

php. 20 40

6. Sai s khp cho php ng

chuyn. (n s gc trong ng 10n 20n
chuyn)

7. Chiu di cnh (km) 0,5-5 0,25 - 3 0,12 -o,8 0,08-0,35

8. Chiu di cnh ti u (km)
0,3 0,2
9. Chiu di ln nht (km)
- ng chuyn ph hp
- Gia mt im cp cao vi mt 5 3
im nt 3 2
- Gia 2 im nt
- ng chuyn kn 2 1,5
15 10
10. Gi tr gc nh nht
- Li tam gic dy c 200 200
- Chui tam gic 300 300
- Chm im
300 200

11. S tam gic ti a trong

104
 chui tam gic gia 2 cnh 10 10
khi u

12. S cnh ti a trong ng 15 15

chuyn
30 L -
13. Sai s khp o cao cho php
trn tuyn o khp kn hoc 50 L
tuyn o ph hp fcp (mm)
(L- S km chiu di tuyn o)

3. Li khng ch o v bao gm li khng ch mt bng v li khng ch cao,

c thnh lp nhm chm da cho mng li cp cao m bo mt im phc v o v
bn a hnh v cc yu cu trong xy dng cng trnh .

Li khng ch mt bng o v c thnh lp bng cc phng php khc nhau tu

thuc vo iu kin a hnh khu vc o v nhim v c th cn gii quyt nh : li tam gic nh
ng chuyn kinh v , li giao hi v..v .Cc ch tiu k thut ca li ph thuc vo t l o v
c ghi trong ph lc 6.4, 6.5 . Li khng ch cao o v c th c thnh lp c lp
hoc kt hp ng thi vi li khng ch mt bng .

Tu theo iu kin a hnh khu vc o v yu cu chnh xc ca tng cng vic c

th p dng cc phng php o khc nhau sao cho thch hp nh o cao lng gic , o cao
hnh hc v thng thng l o cao cp k thut trong trng hp cn thit c th o cao hng IV
nh nc .

ng chuyn kinh v Ph lc 6.4

T l o v
Cc yu t c trng 1/5000 1/1000 1/2000 1/5000
1. Chiu di gii hn ng chuyn
(km)
- khu vc xy dng 0,8 1,2 2 4
- khu vc khng xy dng 1,2 1,8 3 6
2. Sai s trung phng tng i o 1/2000 1/2000 1/2000 1/2000
cnh

3. Sai s trung phng o gc 30 30 30 30

4.Sai s khp gc cho php 1,5 n 1,5 n 1,5 n 1,5 n

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 Li tam gic nh Ph lc 6.5

T l o v
Cc yu t c trng 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 1/5000
1. S tam gic ti a gia hai cnh 10 15 17 20
y
2. Cnh tam gic ngn nht (m) 150 150 150 150
3. Gc tam gic nh nht 300 300 300 300
4. Gc tam gic ln nht 1200 1200 1200 1200
5. Sai s trung phng o gc 30 30 30 30
6. Sai s khp gc cho php tam
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5
gic
7. Sai s trung phuong tng i o 1/5000 1/5000 1/5000 1/5000
cnh y
8. Sai s trung phng tng i 1/2000 1/2000 1/2000 1/2000
cnh yu nht

mc lc

+ Phn th nht: Qui nh chung .......................................................................... 1

- Chng mt - Mc ch, nhim v cc giai on kho st ng t. ..................... 1

+ Phn th hai: kho st lp bo co NCTKT .............................................. 3

- Chng hai - Kho st tuyn ......................................................................................... 3
A: Chun b trong Phng .......................................................................................... 4
B Th st v o c ngoi thc a .............................................................................. 4
Chng ba - Kho st thu vn ......................................................................................... 5
A: Yu cu kho st thu vn i vi tuyn ng ................................................. 5
B: Yu cu kho st thu vn i vi cng trnh thot nc nh................................ 6
Chng bn - Kho st a cht cng trnh .................................................................... 7
Chng nm - iu tra kinh t ....................................................................................... 7
Chng su - Kho st mi trng ............................................................................. 8

+ Phn th ba: Kho st lp bo co NCKT ................................................ 9

Chng by - Kho tuyn ................................................................................................. 9
A: Chun b trong Phng ....................................................................................... 10
B: Th st v o c ngoi thc a (v tuyn) ......................................................... 13
C: Kho st cng trnh............................................................................................ 17
D: Ti liu phi cung cp........................................................................................ 17
Chng tm - Kho st thu vn .............................................................................. 18
A: Kho st thu vn dc tuyn ng .................................................................... 18
B: i vi cng trnh thot nc nh ...................................................................... 19

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Chng chn - Kho st a cht cng trnh .............................................................. 23
A: Kho st CCT cho nn ng ........................................................................ 23
A1. Loi nn ng thng thng........................................................................ 23
A2. Loi nn ng c bit ................................................................................ 23
B: Kho st CCT cho cng ................................................................................. 24
C: Kho st CCT cho cu nh ............................................................................ 24
D: Kho st CCT cho cu trung v cu ln ......................................................... 24
E: Kho st CCT ni c hin tng a cht ng lc (CL) .............................. 24
G: Kho st CCT cc m vt liu xy dng . ....................................................... 25
H: Ly mu v th nghim t ........................................................................... 25
I : Chnh l v lp h s kho st ........................................................................ 25
Chng mi : iu tra kinh t ................................................................................. 26
Chng mi mt : Kho st mi trng ................................................................... 28

+ Phn th t: Kho st lp TKKT (v TKKT - Thi Cng) ........................ 30

Chng mi hai: Kho st tuyn .............................................................................. 30
A: Chun b .......................................................................................................... 30
B: Kho st tuyn qua khu vc thng thng ....................................................... 31
C: Kho st tuyn qua khu vc c bit ............................................................... 33
D: Kho st cc cng trnh lin quan n tuyn .................................................... 36
E: Kho st cc cng trnh thot nc nh ........................................................... 38
G: Thu thp cc s liu lp TKTC TC, d ton ................................................ 39
H: Lp cc vn bn tho thun cn thit .............................................................. 40
I: H s ti liu phi cung cp ............................................................................. 41
Chng mi ba- Kho st thu vn .......................................................................... 42
A: i vi tuyn ng .......................................................................................... 43
B: i vi cng trnh thot nc nh ..................................................................... 43
Chng mi bn: Kho st CCT.............................................................................. 45
A: Chun b kho st ............................................................................................. 45
B: Kho st CCT cc loi nn ng ................................................................. 46
B1: Nn ng thng thng............................................................................. 46
B2: Nn ng c bit, nn ng t yu ..................................................... 46
B3: Nn ng ngp nc v ng qua bi sng .......................................... 46
B4: Nn ng o su ................................................................................... 47
B5: Nn ng p cao ................................................................................... 47
B6: Nn ng c hin tng CTL.................................................................. 48
B7: on ng d kin xy dng tng chn v tng phng h ................. 48
C: Kho st CCT cho cng ................................................................................. 50
D: Kho st CCT cho cu nh ............................................................................ 50
E: Kho st CCT cho cu trung v cu ln ......................................................... 50
G: Kho st CCT cc m vt liu xy dng ........................................................ 51

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+ Phn th nm: Kho st lp thit k BVTC........................................... 50
Chng mi lm: Kho st tuyn ............................................................................. 50
A: Khi phc tuyn trn thc a ........................................................................... 51
B: B sung nhng chi tit cn thit......................................................................... 52
Chng mi su : Kho st thu vn ........................................................................ 53
Chng mi by : Kho st CCT ............................................................................. 54

Phn th su: kho st trn ng hin hu ............................................. 55

Chng mi tm : ng k ng hin hu ........................................................... 55
A: Chun b .......................................................................................................... 55
B: ng k ng ................................................................................................. 56
C: ng k cng trnh ............................................................................................ 56
D: ng k m vt liu ......................................................................................... 58
E: Ti liu phi np ............................................................................................... 58
Chng mi chn : Kho st thu vn trn ng hin hu .................................. 59
Chng hai mi : Kho st CCT trn ng hin hu ......................................... 60
A: Mc ch nhim v ......................................................................................... 60
B: Kho st CCT trong giai on lp BCNCKT .................................................. 61
C: Kho st CCT trong giai on lp TKKT ........................................................ 61
Cc ph lc

Ph lc 1: Quy nh v cc ................................................................................. 62
Ph lc 2: Quy nh v cng tc bo v ng b ..................................... 63
Ph lc 3: Cc biu mu hng dn v thu vn ......................................... 65
Ph lc 3.1: V d bo co tnh hnh sng ............................................................. 65
Ph lc 3.2 : Mu iu tra mc nc .................................................................... 67
Ph lc 3.3 : Mu iu tra c trng a mo, a hnh lng sui .......................... 69
Ph lc 3.4 : Mu iu tra c trng a mo a hnh khu vc ............................. 70
Ph lc 3.5 : Cc bng xc nh c trng a cht v a mo lu vc ............... 71
Ph lc 3.6 : Xc nh lu lng theo phng php hnh thi ................................ 73
Ph lc 4 : Cc nh ngha, gii thch v cng tc KS CCT ..................... 77
Ph lc 4.1 : Ni dung v nhim v kho st CCT ............................................. 77
Ph lc 4.2 : Phn loi t c hu c v bn ...................................................... 79
Ph lc 4.3. : Phn loi trng thi ca t ........................................................ 79
Ph lc 4.4 : Xc nh trng thi ca t ti hin trng ....................................... 81
Ph lc 4.5 : Phn cp t theo l khoan ......................................................... 83
Ph lc 4.6 : Gi tr tiu chun C, , ca t loa ct............................................. 86
Ph lc 4.7 : p lc tiu chun trn t nn........................................................... 87
Ph lc 4.9 : nh gi cc khu vc xy dng theo mc
phc tp ca iu kin CCT .......... 89
Ph lc 5 : Trch dn tiu chun vit nam
tcvn4054-98 " ng t - yu cu thit k " .... 90

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Ph lc 6 : li khng ch trc a ................................................................ 103

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