ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES Petr Vanysek ‘Tete aretre tbls for thisclecwochemical series. ach able ists standard reduction potentials £° values, 2985 K (25°C) anata pressure of 101 325KPa (1 am Table san patel iting of tie elements, cording othe symbol te elem Thus, dat for aver (ag) pects {hose for aluminum (AL). Table? lists only those reduction reactions which have E° vals positive in respect othe standard hydrogen eed Table 2, the reactions ar ised nthe onder of increasing postive potential an they ange frm 0.000 Vto+3.4V. Table ists oly thove redaction teats which have ceatve with respectothestandardhydrogeeletode In Table 3,theeactonat listen th ote defensin ote 'ndratige from 0.0000 V to ~410V. The reliability of the potentials not the same forall he dat, Typically, he values with fewer siufcant igues thave lower liability The values of redicton potential n paiculr those of ss common reactions, arena definite; hey ae subject to oocnsroel 2 dip, or bipyridine; en = ethylenediamine hen = |,10-henantroine REFERENCES 1s G Miso, S. Cao nd VK: Shama, ates of Standard Elecrode Potentials, Wiley, Chichester, 1978. 2 A.J Bad Pasns, an. Stndord Porn Acs Suis Nel Deller New Yr 198, 3. 8.G.Brasch J Phot Chem Ref Dat I8. 121.198. TABLE L Alphabetical Listing Reaction Ew Reaction EW Aetb3e Ae 220 | ANorn-+3e — als4orr aa pareart 0796 | HAI! +O s3e— Als sor a3 apie Ae 2 sw | Ain tem also 2069 Adie) 86 — Ag) 643 | Amt seme Am 20 Aabrcens Ape Be o0n133 | im=s20 = Am a9 ABB, 40 = Ap BO, O46” | Amvt3e = Am oe AgGO,026— 2A COP 04687. | Am tems An" 33 Mele — Agect 022233 | Aas 3Hi-v3e r= Asi, “1608 AgCNse m= Agrew 0017 | AsO,+6it'+6e m= 24s 3110 on ‘C0, 35 me 2 Ag+ COP 047 | WaiO,e3iivse = Are 2HLO. O28 ABGO,+2¢ m= 28g +O? 04470 | As0;42HO Ie Acs d OH “068 AgPsem Age? 079 | Hato, +22 m= Taso, +2110 050 ARLFAGM Jee — 4Ag FI a1 | Ai042H0026 — A, +408 an Agite— Aust 015224 | Aneze maar 03 ‘810,98 = Ag 10, oa ag a aa sn ‘AEMOO, #20 ms 2Ke + MoO, o4sts | Ateae em Aw ‘aot MNO, te — Ags 2N0, 0564 | Ams3ec An Lae Ae04HO+2e— 2454208 030 | Ase mac is 460,480 20 — 260 +208 0709 | AuoH th s20 = Av +810 2 Ag sdem Ar 19 | RaBreve = ansaBe 950 fesem are tah) | Aa edocs Avene oss Ag0,caih ve m= 2452110 Lam | micies3em Auesc ‘02 2AI0+HO126— Ag,04+2 01 0607 | Au(Old, 34+ 30m aus3H10 ss AgOCN +e ApsOCN oat | tbo, +SH048e — Bi + 80H 124 aaSe2e— ages" ton | HBO! HO seo Beton =1% Agse2He2em 2An+HS 00366 | HRO|s3livvse = Bs3ho “ion AaSCN se — Ags SCR 00951 | BlOH}, THs BH + 3HL0 “aes AGSCO, 20 = 2Ag+Se0> 03629 | Bae s3e o= Ba Son Ags0,s2¢ = 2 Ag+ 50. st | Ba s2e — Bulg “1570 AEWO,s2e m= 2094 WO 04660 | BuO, «2e == Bu+20%t io Page Al 1662 | bove2t — be “ie ‘AUOH), Sem A143 08 AH | BOP s3HOese — 2me p60 28 821ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES (continued) TABLE 1 Alphabetical Listing (continued) Reaction ew Reaction f pbenmoione +242 hydoguinne 06992 | HOI0, +341 +4e = c+ 20 em Bh 03. | Go-sti0v2e— co +20 Braden 0303 | Go-+2HOs4e— cr +40lt Bin se Bi 02° | cojmyee— a0, Bit Siem Bil 0h | Gort se = 0, +410 Bice em Bist Cr O16 | GOH s22e- Hao, f HO B10, 431,066 m= 2Bi+ 60H 04 | OL tei s5e = Ines 3H0 Bi0\+4H" 426-280" 2 0 138 | CO-s6ite6e = ors 3HO Bio's Dede ms Bie 0320 | Go, +%0s2¢ — ao, +208 BiOCI +21 Sem Bis Cr-+tho ists | Go-*3i0+6e— cr seor Bk" ve Be tet | Go;s2t's2e—= co, HO Bese Bk “16 | Gorstiste = ine. tano Bese cs ke 2h | copssitsse = aren Be(ag) 20 = 28 as | Clo; 441,026 — Go, +701 Beers 28r 16 | Cntve = co HOH ae — Br+tto 331 | Gms3e c= em HBrO-1H 6 => 12 Bean) +10 su | Gomsae mc HBO+H +e — 12 Boe. 1595 | Corre —= co" BrO-vHOv20 + Br 20H O76 | [Cui ge re me (CoN F BeOp 461s Sem 12 Be,» 3110 ak | CoOtd, +26 = cos 20H BO! 46H Ge — Bes SHO 1423 | COED, ses CoH, + OFF BiO-+3H0+60—~ Bes 6H 06 | ameter (CN,52 H's 26 m= 2H aa | Gmsecn cm 2HCNO 424+ 26 — (CN,02H0 0390 |omsseoer (NS), 20 = Dens 077 | Gos Iai +60— 20470 ©0,+ 248426 = HCOOH 019 | GO+2H0-3¢ = ces4on Gevem ce “380 | Hoes Ties = ce s4it0 Geste ce 286 | G0,4it +e = GeaHto GOH, Fem Ca 2084 302 | GG. 1DHse — C0, 0 Colonel ect, tal KCL 02800 | GO! +sH0s%° — chord, + 0H Comet este, I molar KC (NCE) 02601 | CuOHn, +32 — Crs30rF Cloner, 01 mela Ct 0357 Comet electro sted KCl (SCE) oan Caled turf Nac (S8CE) 02560 Cor stee= Ch 04090 | Gi 220e Ce Gi=436 — Cig ~o3s21_ | G26 cut CuOHD, «20 == Cut) +201 “on09 | Gimte mc" (480,026 — ci 80; 0246 | 040,461 ve m Cas 3110 CHORD" S36 Ces 40m ass | cad 28CN oe — [cweny) ©i0+H,0 +26 Cle 20K “0763 | Giizsem Guat Grssem oe 2336 | CubsHL0+26 — 2cus 208 Ger$30 = cet) “14373 | CWO, 226 = Cus2 01" Cerbecs com 172, | 26u0tb, +26 Cy0+ 208+ H,0 GeOH* Fie me Co+HL0 is | abe2en by Cree oe 33 | ysa0m Dy Crete = cm “16 | by-e3e = by Ors3ec ct aise | bys tecs bp? ce s2em ct in’ |eteiem ee Gyas26— 20 taser | Bese ms Ee HOOTH' se m= 120, +110 tie aeer ss HOOsHs3e—= Grito iam | Bese Br 04140420 — crv 20% on | eessem be G,+1# +2 m= HCO, iz | era2em Be HOIO, +21 52¢ r= fico Ho ois | Breoae = HOIO|+34338 = 1ac,+3140 16m | Bev t3e me 822 a See ew Ls70 0.66 076 0958 Las aie Lar 14st 033 1.189 139 1389 036 204 028 108 073 07 0913 0.407 “074 1am, 12 1380 13 013 “48 ms ost 01s 03419 ms 24 20 ‘103 0360 “om “o%0 “0013 ooo 235 25 20 231 =30 13 =191 2 “282 “1991ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES (continued) Reaction Bute — Ea F42H¢20 — 20F Fe2e—2F FO+2H+4e = HO+2F Fey2e— Fe rouge = Fe Fee — Fe HEcO;+2H'+3e — Fe,0,+1,0 HReO,+4H++3e— FeOOH+ 21,0 TABLE L Alphabetical Listing (continued) EN Reaction 036 | Ho" +3e— Ho 3053 2866 21s 0487 | HJ0,426 — 10,+3011 ~0037 | Ho, +H +26 = 10,4340 om | 2iWts2H+26— +280 200 | HOF +26 = r+H0 208 | 10-4H0+26— r +201 207 | 210;+12H+ 10e — +640 HO; +8H'43¢ = Fe"+4H0 Fe0,+4H'+2e — 2 ROH" +10 [FeiCN) +e = FAC Rep +814 3¢— Fe"s4H10 [fesbipy) +e — Fetbipy)* [elbipy)P"+© — Fe(bipy Fe(OH), +e m= Fe(OH), + OF [e(phen, +e = tFe(phen),j* Leiphem, +6. fFe(phen)P(1 molar SO) [Ferriciniumy +e —= Batis bee Fede Fin Ge+e— Oa GuOH FH +30 — Gat 1,0, H.Gi0,,+1,0+3¢ — Gas 40K" Garese— G4 e420 — Ge Ger s4e = Ge Ger420— Ge" G00, +2420 —= GeO+ 1,0 W620, +44 +40 m= Ge+3HLO 2itede mH, H,+2e— 24 HO, +H +e = H,0, 2HO+2e = H,+20H H0,+2H'+2e = 210 Hide = HE HOO +21+4e = HEF HO HfO,+4H+ 40 — HE+2H,0 HIO(OM, +H,0+4¢ = HE+4 01 He" +2e — He 2g +20 — He? Hg" +20 — 28g yao), +2e m= 2He + 2100) Hg.Br,+20—= 2Hg+2Br Hg.Cl,+2¢ — 2Hg+ 2Ct HgHPO,+2¢— 2H_+HPO? HgL+2e == 2Hg+21 Hg0+HO+2e~ 2Hg+201 Hy0+H,0+20 — Hg+208- HgiOH), +24 +2e — Hg+2H,0 HgS0,¢2¢ — 2H +50," Ho" +20 — Ho 016 | 1o-toHr+6e— 1430 0388 | 10° +21,0+46 — 10-+4 0% 220 | 10, +3H0+6e — 10+ 608 078 | sein 103 | item tae 056 | In tem In List| i426 — he 106 | 430 — in 0.118 “0182 ‘6.00000 22 195 Im(OH), + 3e — In +308 IH), +36 — Int 408 1n,0,+31,0+6¢ — 2in+ 60 Irie = [hele — hc) Uichp-s3e— krs6cr 160.431.0460 — 21+ 60H Keeo Kk La t3e— Le LuOH, #3 — La+ 308 Urtem Li Le yse— Lr Lyr+3e = La Ma+e— Me Mdt3e— Ma e426 — Md Me'te— Mg Mg #20—= Me -08271 | M(H), 2e — Mg+20H 1776 | Ma42e — Ma 155 | Mni-43 = Ma ims | Mno,+41Hr+2¢ —+ Ma +210 105 | Moy 40 Mao 250 0881 | Mno, 0920 | Mao #210436 MnO; +418" +3¢ <1 Mao, +21,0 48H'4 30 Mn" +40 ‘MnO, +4 08 02973 | Mn0}-42H,0+2e = MnO, +401 051163 | Ma(OH),+2e — Mn-+ 20H (013823 | Mn(OH), + — Ma(OH), + OH (0.26808 Ma,0,+6H te — Mn'"s 380 0.6359 | Mo’t3e— Mo 0040S | MoO, 44H +e —= Mo+4H,0 0123 | WMG," +451 +426 0077 | Moo, +614 +66 7Mo +241, Mo.+3H.0 106 | N.+3H.0+6H++60 — 2NHOH aos | 3Nj+2H+2e— 2HN, 21 Npvaits2e = 2NHe 8:23 an 28 sass 0536 07 1.601 Las9 987 ass Lsap [i ee ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES (continued) TABLE 1 Alphabetical Listing (continued) Reaction ew Reaction » EN NO42H +20 = N,+H,0 1.766 +208 ® =i HNO, 2H'+2e — N,+2,0 265 | HPO,+H+3e—= P+2H0 “0508 Ni0,+20 — 2NO- 0867 | HPO, +248 426 — HPO. +,0 0499) N(0,+2H0 +20 — 2NHO, 1065 | H1P0,+3H-43e— P+ 3,0 “ase NQO,+48+4e — 2NO+2H0 1035 | HPO+2H.0+20 — HPO, +30H =i 2NHLOW +H +20 — NJ +2H0 142 | HPO} +2H0+3e— P+ 50H =n 2NO+2H'+20—= NO+HLO 1591 | HPO,+2H"+20 — HPO,+10 “0216 2NO+HO+20— N04201- 0756 | PO*+2H,0+3 — HPO!" +30H “10s HNO, +H +e — NO+HO 0983 | peste — Pa 2HNO, +41 +40 — HNO,+210 036 | Patsae— Pa 2HNO,+41+40 — NO+3H0 1297 | Putten Pe NO; +#0+3e — NO+20H- 046 | Poms2e— PD 2NO;+2HO+4e — Ne +400 0.18 | Pre 26 — Pacts) “020s 3H0+4e — N0+60H 015 | Pobr, +20 — Ph+2 Br “0288 See tie 0934 | Peck +20 —= Pos 2ct 02615 NO} +48+3e = NO+2HO 0957 | Por, +26 — Pos2F- 03444 2NO; +48 +26 — NO,+24,0 0.8303 | PbuPO, +26 = Pb+ HPO: 0.465 NO=+H,0+2e — NO-+20HF oor | Pul,+2e— Pos2r “0.365, 2NO;+2H,0+2¢ — NO, +408 085 | PKO+HO+2e = Po+20H- “0580 Nate — Na 2m | 0,441 +26 — Por +2HO 145 Nb +30 — ND 1059 | HPO, +4,0+26 — Po+3 6H 0537 NvO,+2H+2¢ — NDO+H,0 0646 | P0,#1,0420 — PHO 20H o2e7 NiO, +41"+4e — Nb+2H0 0690 | PhO, +807-+4H +20 — PESO, +210 1.9913 NO 2H'+2¢— No+HO ~0738 | PH80,+26 — Ph+50> 0.3588 Nb0,+10H'+ 10e = 2Nb+510 0644 | PSO, +26 — Pri) +0," -0.3505 Né430— Nd 233 | peeze— Ps 0951 N&+20— Nd 21 | racy +2e = passer 0591 Né*+e— NE 27. | (Pacy™+20 — Paci-+2cr 1.288 Ne42e— Ni -0257 | PAOH), +26 — Pa+20H 007 NOH), +20 = Ni+20H 072 | Poe — Pm ea NO,+48°+2¢ — Ni+2H,0 1678 230 NiO, +2H,0+2¢ — NiOH), +208 0.490 26 No* +e —= No 09. No*+30— No 076 No*+2e = No 32 Nph-3e 2 Np 20 Np em Np” 383 NpO,+ 10+ H+ +e — Np(O#D, 31 0,42H+2e— HO, Lis O.+4Hr+4e— 21,0 Incl +2e— mescr oss 0,+H0+2e — Ho-+01r ICLP +2e = (cL +2cr 0.68 0:+2H0+2¢— HO,+20Kr 0.146 | PROF, +26 — Prs2OH os 0,+210+4e— 401 0401 | PO,+280 +20 m= PO, +H.0 re 0,421 +20 0,+H0 2076 | MO, +48 +20 — PUR) +10 1s 0,+H0+2e — 0.4201" 12t | moH+H42e— M+HO 2 O(g)+2H+26— 11.0 2421 | MO,44H+2¢ — PO+2H,0 1o1 OH+e— OH 202 | Ros4Hrs4e— P+2HO 00 HO, +H0+2¢ — 30H os7e | Pus3em Pu 20m 010,481 +80 — 03+ 41,0 0838 | Putten Pu 1.006 0:0, +41++4 — 0:0,+21,0 102 | Pete Pum 1099 [Ostipy). +6 — (Ostbiny) 0st | Pu0{oH, +2H-+26 — PuOH), Laas [Oscipy) +e = [Ostipy), > 080 | PuO{OH, +H'+e — PI0.OH +O 062 Plred)+3 H+ 30 — Pile) O11 | Re 20 Re Plwhite)+3H+3e — PH) 0063 | Rise Rb P43H0430 — Pilg) +308 ~0sT | Re*+3e— Re 8.24ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES (continued) TABLE 1 Alphabetical Listing (continued) ReO; +41 +30 — ReO, +2110 ReO,+ 411+ 4¢ = Re+ 2H ReO;+2H' +e —= ReO, +10 ReO;+41,0+7e = Re+ 80H" oO; +8H'+7e — Re+4H,0 Rite Rh Rh 626 — Rh RW 30 Rh IRAP +30 — Rh+oct RHOH* + H+ 30 = Rh=H0 Ru*+20 — Ru Rate — Re" RuO, + 4H'+20 — Ru"+2H.0 Rud, +e = Ru,» uO, +e — RuO; RuO,+ 6H" +e + ROH)" +210 RuO, + 8H + 8e —= Ru+4H,0 {Rufbipy))* +e — IRo(ipy),P [Ra(H0),P*+e- — [RuCHLO),H [RUN P++6° — RUN), [Ruten),P*4e° <= Rurem,” FRuCN) P46 — [RUCN St2e— S+2H++2¢ —= Hag) S+HO+2e— Si-O 28+2e— S> 80) +4H'+2e— 2450, S)0,-+2e— 2807 8,0)-42H'+ 20 — 2150; S(O +2e = 280, 230, + H+ 20 — HS0, +2110 HS0,441 +40 = $4310 250} +2H0+26 — 8.074408 280) +3H0+4e m= 3,0." +608 S0}44H420— HSO,+H0 280; +41 +20 —= SO, +0 502410420 — $0,"+208F Soi 3H +30 — Soi, $00,461 +6e = 28b+3H0 ‘6,0, senamontte)+4 H'+4¢ = Sb0,+2H,0 50,0, vleninte)+ 4H +4e 2 $60, +2140 $0,0,+6H' +40 — 2800" +30 S00"+2H:+3¢—= $042.0 S00; +2104 3e — Sb+40H- 500; +H,0+2e —= $00, +208 Ser Se+2e— Se" Seo2H'+2e — HSetaa) HScO,+4H'44e = Se43H0 Se+2Ht+20— Hse $00; +310 440 — Ses 60H ScO) 441420 — HCO, +1,0 $e0;-+1,0+ 20 — Se0,'+ 20H Si se = Si¥6F SIO+21 #20 — SiO EN Reaction 10 | Si0,(quana) +41 440 — Si+2H.0 02513 | SiO*+3H,0+4e — si+60H 0.768 | Sm" +e— Sm" -ose) | sm*s3e— Sm 0368 | Sm+20 — Sm 0600 | Sn™s2e— So (0600 | Sn+2e — Sa 0758 | Sn(OH) +31 +26° — Sa +30 0431 | SrO,44H+2e = Si+2H,0 083 | SiO, +4H 40 = Sn42H0 0485. | Sn0, +3 +20 — SnOH'+ 10 02487 | Sn0,+2H0+46 — Sn440% 1120 | HSn0;+H,0+260 — Sa+3 0H 059, | SwOH)>+2e— HSn0; +30H-+ 0 100 | Sr+ee= Sr 140 | S420 — sr tons | sm42e — siti) 124 | OH, +2¢ — 8r+20H 023 | T40,F10H +100 2Ta+ SHO 010 | Te43e— Ta 20 | Te420— Te 036 | Op +s +30 = 1.0, +20 47627, | Tose — Te 012 | 0, +884 70 — Tes 4H 047s | Tobe TH TWei3e— 7 O56 | Te+2e— Te Te42H42e— Hire 2123 | Tetsde— Te 008 | Te0,+4H s4e = Te+2HO 0055 | TO? +3H.0+4e Tes608 0449 | Teo +8H+ Te — Te+4HlO 412 | H.120,42H'420— Te0,+4H0 cosn | Tide ™ 01m | mo,+4h+4e— M4240 022 | THOM, +42 — T+ 40K 093 | T+20— “0510 | Tem 32 | Ti0,+4H' 420 — T4240 oon | Ts3e— 71 0619 | TION +H +e = TH +H0 osst | Tr+e— 0212 | | Tre = Tite) 066 | T+ 22 TF 039 | sje 2077 | Bree — TH+ Br 9 | Tate Ter 0399 | T+e— T+r “074 | 110,431,044 — 27+ 604 -00m2 | NOH +e — T+ oH -0365 | 10H, +20 — TIOH+ 204 Lisl | 7180,+2e — T1+S0, 003 | tm te — Tm <1 | t43e— Tm “08 | T42e—= Tm 825ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES (continued) TABLE 1 Alphabetical Listing (continued) EN Reaction 1798 | 2W0,+2H'+2e = W,0,4H,0 “607 | X00, +2H+20 — Xe0, +3H,0 0612 | Xe0,+611'+6e — Xe 3H0 0082 | XeFve = Xe+F U0 +420 — Urs2H0 oa | Yresemy¥ UO} ta 260 = U+2H0 aime | worse ye Veen V fins | Yrs3e— ¥ Vereen “oass | vors2em Yo Vor. me VO 0337 | Zave2e = Za VOr*2H"-+e — VO" sito oso. | Zae26— Za) V,0,46H'+2e == 2V0"+310 0957 | Zn0++21,0+2¢ — 20+40H Vi0,+ 10H" 100 = 2V+510 a2 | 2n86,27110+ 2e= zat) +802- Vion; 2m re Vora 1a | auraed 7380) WOW)st4HsSem Ved 0254 | Za0it'e Hes me Zn-+ HO 0487 Wgteny +e [vighen O14 | Z4OH}-+20 — 2n-+408 =1199 Wrete=W O1 | ZOH),+2e—= Zn+208 126) W,0,+2i4 = 26 = 2WO,+110 oan | 220+80+26— 2n+208 “130 Wo,e4itese = W= 210 On | Z0.rdite4e me 214280 1383 WO,26H-+60— W230 “oom | 2010, +HOsde = 2rs40K ke Wo, 2H 420 = WO, +H,0 00% | Zesdelm Ze as TABLE 2 Reduction Reactions Having E° Values More Positive than that ofthe Standard Hydrogen Electrode Reaction ev | Reaction EN an's2e =H, 0.00000 | SwOHD, 43H +2e—= SH" +310 owe, Gi; rem coe2F O00 | Np +e Np oust Get sem Ge 000 | AR|Fe(EN) J+ 4e— 4g FCN onere NO, +H0+2¢—=NO, +208 ao, | 10-42H,0+4e—10-+40H ons 110,13H0+4e—- 27 + 60H 002 | MmOH), -e== Ma(Ot), +08 os S00} +H,04 20 80," 1208 ans | 2N0;+3H0+4e—-N0+60H ous WO, 2H'+2e-=WO, +O tox | Sate 2e— 80" ois) Vo}re=0, ng | Sb0,+61'+ Ge 25043140 ois POH), + 2e-= Pd4 2088 tor | Cirtem cur ois AgBes tm Age Be aor | BOGS 2H+3e— Bis cr+H0 ose M00, +61 +60 Mo+3H,0 07s | Bicl;+3e—Bisact 016 8024202807 O68 | F048 26m 2LOH +10 016 Ho ,° 543 H+ 420-7 Mo+24H,0 tos | CHOI, +e Coco) + OH on ABSCN ten Ag+ SCN tagst | Soe +4H sae 0, 11,0 on Ri2HOs6H"+6e--2NHOM tom. | BPs 2e—ar o2 gO + 0+ 26—= Hg 20H fiom | (Race) ee Ruen),F 020 1r0,43H0+6em= 24608 ome. | SbOr+ Bite Je Sb42H,0 om NOs 2e— NO” an | Arclse-=Agecr om [Ruste (RUN 010 | RulHOy"+e— IRath 0) on Wate a AS0,#6H 4 6er= 2A3431,0 02m {Goth +m [CoN thos | Cele ecto, sarod NaCl SSCE) 0230 Hp0+H0.26—2He+ 30H 123_| Oe 2em0 oe Gen s4e— Ge Gin | Re sere 24 Hg, +22 2M +20 {119923 | Calomel ecto, sured KC au POH), +2 ¢—» Pt+2 OH" O14 | P00, HO +20—= PbO + 20H OT {Vege} +e— [Vephem Gi | HAs,+3urs sem ass2L0 ois S+2H+2¢—=H,Siq) aia | Reve Ro 02087 8:26