CAPACITANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES 45

the conductor which is non-uniformly distributed over the surface such that it has higher
density on the adjacent sides of the conductors. This charge distribution can be considered as
a line charge as in the previous section. The surface of the conductor represents an equipotential
surface with circular cross-section and radius equal to r. So the objective will be to find out the
equivalent line charge distribution for a system of two conductors with operating voltage V,
distance of separation h and radius of the equipotential surface r. This equivalent charge
distribution, as can be seen from Fig. 3.4 and the results of the previous section, will be a line
charge L coulomb/metre separated by a distance s, where s can be obtained from any of the
equations (3.13) or (3.14).

r
P
rL rL

Fig. 3.4 1- transmission line.

Refer to section 3.3. V is a function of K and is given by

L
V= ln K
0
L 0
From this C= = F/metre
V ln K
The value of K can be obtained from equations (3.13) and (3.14) by eliminating s from
these equations.
2 Ks
r=
K2 1
K2 + 1
h= s
K2 1
h K2 + 1
or =
r 2K
h
or K2 2K +1=0
r
4h2
h
2 4
rr2 h
or K= = h2 / r 2 1 (3.15)
2 r
Since the capacitance of a given system is constant only one of the two values of K is to
h
be used. Since >> 1,
r
h h
K~ + (3.16)
r r