9/26/2017 List of Neurotransmitters | 25 Examples & Their Location in the Body

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Neurotransmitters List| Their
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Human body is controlled by the brain and the nervous system. Energy| Their
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nervous system has two divisions as central and peripheral nervous
Differences &
system.
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The stimulation and nerve impulses are carried by neurotransmitters. Lipids| Their
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Structure and
These are chemical messengers present in the brain, spinal cord and nerve
junctions.
Function

They have the name due to their presence and function in relation to nervous What is
systems. sublimation|
Examples, Uses
These substances as the name indicates are meant for transfer of signals from
place to another other in the body. & Process

They are released into the junction of two neurons (neuron synapse or synaptic 12 Difference
cleft) and then they act on the neurotransmitter receptors present on the next Between Mitosis
neuron to continue the signal.
and Meiosis
They help in control of the functions, actions and also movements of the body
Types of
by the brain.

Their study is important in subjects like anatomy & physiology, patho-physiology

of disease and also in pharmacology. Enzymes|Involved in
Essential reaction in
There are different types of neurotransmitter with diverse functions and roles in
the body.

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9/26/2017 List of Neurotransmitters | 25 Examples & Their Location in the Body

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They are so quick in action and retraction. They can be compared with
hormones as they have similar properties and mode of actions. Hence we can
conveniently call them as neuro-hormones.
IN YOUR
They are mostly synthesized within the neuron cell and stored in vesicles (sac).
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A change in voltage potential along the nerve membrane, helps release
neurotransmitter. Enter your email here

LIST OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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Neurotransmitters are many and even some of the other substances may be
discovered or classified in future as neurotransmitters. we respect your privacy and take
protecting it seriously
But based on the wider role they play in the body, they can be studied as

Classical neurotransmitters and non-classical ones.

Classical neurotransmitters: These are ones which have wide distribution in

the body and have a larger role in physiology. Any small change in their
quantities or functions will lead to disorders. These classical neurotransmitters
include

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9/26/2017 List of Neurotransmitters | 25 Examples & Their Location in the Body

1. Acetyl choline
2. Noradrenalin (Nor-epinephrine)
3. Adrenalin (Epinephrine)
4. Serotonin (5HT)
5. Gluatamate
6. GABA (gamma amino benzoic acid)
7. Histamine

Other neurotransmitters: These are less widely distributed and also few
functions in the body. Also minute changes in their quantities will not affect or
lead to major disorders.

1. Aspartate.
2. Nitric oxide.
3. Carbon-monoxide
4. Adenosine triphosphate.
5. Substance-P
46. beta endorphin
7. enkephalin
8. somatostatin
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9. vasopressin
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10. prolactin
11. angiotensin II
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12. oxytocin
13. gastrin
14. cholecystokinin
15. thyrotropin
16. neuropeptide-Y
17. insulin
18. glucagon
19. calcitonin
20. neurotensin
21. bradykinin.

NEUROTRANSMITTERS DETAILS:
Neurotransmitters carry many functions in the body and some of them are
specifically designated for certain roles like

Acetyl choline: One of the

major neurotransmitter in
the brain, spinal cord and
peripheral nerves. It also
found in RBCs and other
cells in the body.

It is synthesized in the
Acetylcholine
neurons and released at
nerve ending to pass on the
nervous stimuli post synaptically.

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9/26/2017 List of Neurotransmitters | 25 Examples & Their Location in the Body

It is a part of parasympathetic system and released at synapse. It exerts actions

opposite to that of sympathetic system. Acetyl choline is involved in almost all
the body functions like heart beat, respiration, digestion, excretion, reproduction
SHARES
etc.

s
It acts through receptors like Muscarnic receptors like M1, M2 and also through
j nicotinic receptors in the skeletal muscles like N1, N2. Deficiency and rise in
the levels of acteylcholine leads to many diseases and also toxic effects.
h
Examples of diseases include parkinsonism, Alzheimer disease, glaucoma etc.

Dopamine: Another important neurotransimtter related sympathteic sysmte.

4 it is mostly confined to brain and spinal cord and few nerves. It has
But
functions of mood and sympathetic system. It acts through receptors like D1,
D2, D3.
TweetDisorders due to its deficiency or rise include depression, parkinsonism.

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Norepinpehrine: This also widely distributed like acteyl choline.

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It covers all of the sympathetic functions and has actions opposite to acetyl
choline. It acts through receptors like 1, 2 and 1, 2.

Epinephrine: This is similar to nor-epinephrine in terms of actions and also

chemistry. But it is present in more quantities in blood and peripheral body
organs and to a small extent in brain. In periphery it is released by adrenal
medulla. It is involved in stress regulation and is also called as flight or fight
hormone.

It acts through similar receptors as that of epinephrine. Its quantity levels rise is
in the body is indicative of stress or struggle.

Serotonin: This is found in large quantities in intestine, platelets and also brain.
It is recently found to be important transmitters in stress, mood and also
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9/26/2017 List of Neurotransmitters | 25 Examples & Their Location in the Body

coagulation.

It acts through 14 types of serotonin receptors like 5HT1, 5HT2, 5HT3, 5HT4,
5HT7 and their sub-types. Its deficiency or change is seen in disorders like
depression, schizophrenia etc.

Gluatamate: This is a neurotransmitter found predominantly in brain and also

as amino-acid in rest of the body. It acts through NMDA, AMPA receptors. It is
involved in memory and learning. When the brain undergoes oxygen deficient
stress or physical injury its release in the extracellular space can be devastating
leading to nervous tissue damage (excito-toxicity). This phenomenon is mostly
is seen in asphyxia babies.
4
GABA (gamma amino benzoic acid): GABA is another neurotransmitter
present predominantly in brain. It acts to control nerve conduction and electric
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potential in the brain and also muscle tone. Its deficiency leads to epilepsy. It
acts through GABA receptors. This neurotransmitter plays a key role in epilepsy
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or convulsion disorder.
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Histamine: Unlike other, this substance is widely distributed in tissues. It is
called as an afferent neurotransmitter as it initiates the sense of itch and pain at
sensory nerve endings in skin and other regions.

In the brain it controls functions like wakefulness, body temperature, thirst etc.

Besides these, there are also neurotransmitters like

Exitatory amino acids: l-Glutmate, l-Aspartate, l-Cystein, l-Homocycttein

Inhibitory amino acids: GABA, Glycine, b-alanine and taurine

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9/26/2017 List of Neurotransmitters | 25 Examples & Their Location in the Body

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