Tutorial 3-1

SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (SARAWAK CAMPUS)

HET 228 / HET 225

Semester II 2014

Tutorial 3

1 A three-phase, 60-Hz induction motor runs at 890 rpm at no load and 840rpm at
full load.

120f 7200
(a) N s = = > 890 but very close to it
P P
So P<7200/890 = 8.089
P=8 (closest value)

7200
(b) For P=8, N s = = 900
8
N N mr 900 840
At rated load, sr = s = = 6.67%
Ns 900
(c) What is the speed at one-quarter of the rated load?
This is rather difficult as little information is given. We ignore friction windage
and miscellaneous losses and work on the basis of the power converted to
mechanical power, Pconv .

Let subscripts r and q indicate quantities at rated load and one-quarter rated load

Pconv at rated load = ind r m r

Pconv at one-quarter rated load = ind q m q
ind q m q1 ind q N m q 1
So , i.e.,
= =
ind r m r 4 ind r N m r 4
But N m q = N s (1 s q ) and N m r = N s (1 s r )
ind q (1 s q ) 1
Hence, = and from (a), sr = 0.067
ind r (1 s r ) 4
From speed torque characteristic, we know at the region of operation close to zero
slip, ind is approximately linear with slip.
s q (1 s q ) 1
Hence we can write = or
s r (1 s r ) 4
1
s q (1 s q ) = 0.067(1 0.067) = 0.01563
4
Solving, s q2 s q + 0.01563 , s q = 0.984 or 0.0159
 Tutorial 3-2

Choose the lower value because at lower load, slip gets smaller.
Thus the slip at one-quarter rated load is 1.59% [compare with the value (900-
890)/900 = 1.11% at no load].
The speed is (1-0.0159)900 = 885.7 rpm

(d) The rotors electrical frequency at one-quarter of the rated load

= s q f = 0.0159 60 = 0.95 Hz

2. A 50-kW, 440-V, 50 Hz, six-pole

s = 0.06 when operating at full load conditions.

120f 120 50
(a) N s = = = 1000
P 6
The shaft speed, Nm=(1-0.06)1000 = 940 rpm
940
m = 2 rad/s will be required in later calculations
60

(b) The output power in watts = 50 kW (already given for full load)

50000 60
(c) The load torque load = output power/ m = = 507.9 N-m
940 2

(d) At full load condition, the friction and windage losses are 300 W
Hence Pconv = 50+0.3 = 50.3 kW
50300 60
The induced torque ind = Pconv / m = = 511 N-m
940 2

(e) The rotor frequency i= s f = 0.06 50 = 3 Hz

.
Note that the core losses (600 W) are not required.

3. 440-V, 50-Hz, two pole, Y-connected induction motor rated at 75 kW.

The equivalent circuit parameters are:

R 1 = 0.075 R 2 = 0.065 R C ignored

X1 = 0.17 X 2 = 0.17 X M = 7.2
PF & W = 1.0 kW Pmisc = 150 W Pcore = 1.1 kW

s = 0.04

(a) Refer to the equivalent circuit

R 2 / s = 0.065 / 0.04 = 1.625 , R 2 / s + jX 2 = 1.625 + j0.17 = 1.6345.97 0
 Tutorial 3-3

7.290 0 1.6345.97 0 11.76595.97 0

jX M //(R 2 / s + jX 2 ) = =
j7.2 + 1.625 + j0.17 7.54777.57 0
= 1.55918.4 0 = 1.479+j0.492
Input impedance Z = R 1 + jX1 + jX M //(R 2 / s + jX 2 )
= 0.075+j0.17+1.479+j0.492 = 1.554+j0.662 = 1.689 23.07 0

As the machine is Y-connected, phase voltage v p = 440 / 3 = 254V

vp 254
Phase current I1 = = = 150.4 23.07 0 A
Z 0
1.68923.07

Line current, I L = phase current for Y-connection = 150.4 A

((b)The stator power factor = cos 23.070 lagging = 0.92 lagging

(c) The rotor power factor = cos 5.970 lagging = 0.995 lagging

(d)The stator copper losses PSCL = 3I12 R 1 = 3 150.4 2 0.075W = 5.09 kW

(e) The power input = 3v p I1 power factor = 3 254 150.4 0.92W =105.4 kW
Core loss= 1.1 kW
The air gap power PAG = power input stator copper loss core loss
= 105.4-5.09-1.1 = 99.2 kW

(f) The power converted from electrical to mechanical power Pconv = (1-s) PAG
= (1-0.04)99.2 = 95.2 kW

120 50
(g) N s = = 3000rpm , N m = (1 s) N s = (1 0.04)3000 = 2880 rpm
2
2880
m = 2
60
95200 60
The induced torque ind = Pconv / m = = 315.7 N-m
2880 2

(h)
PF & W = 1.0 kW Pmisc = 150 W
Output power = Pconv - PF & W - Pmisc = 95.2-1-0.15= 94.05 kW
The problem is funny because the output power exceeds the rated power of 75 kW
94050 60
Anyway, the load torque load = output power/ m = = 311.8 N-m
2880 2
 Tutorial 3-4

(i) The overall machine efficiency= output power/input power = 94.05/105.4

= 89.2%

2880
(j) The motor speed is 2880 rpm [calculated in (g)] = 2 = 301.6 rad/s
60

4. A 208-V, 60-Hz, six pole, Y-connected, 25-hp design class B induction motor.

No load 208 V, 22 A, 1200 W, 60 Hz

Locked rotor 24.6 V, 64.5 A, 2200 W, 15 Hz
DC test 13.5 V, 64 A

Note that for class B motors, the stator reactance is 40% of the total series
reactance referred to the stator.

Locked rotor test is like the short circuit test of transformer giving the series
impedance, Z = R 1 + R 2 + j(X1 + X 2 )
2200
= cos 1 = 36.82 0
3 24.6 64.5
As the machine is Y-connected, phase voltage v p = 24.6 / 3 = 14.2 V
14.2
Z= = 0.2236.82 0 = 0.176+j0.132
0
64.5 36.82
R 1 + R 2 = 0.176 , X1 + X 2 = 0.132
For class B motors, X1 = 0.4 0.132 = 0.053 X 2 = 0.60.132 = 0.079
However, the reactance values are measured at 15 Hz.
Hence the values at 60 Hz are X1 =0.053(60/15) = 0.212
X 2 = 0.079(60/15) = 0.316
From DC test, 2R 1 = 13.5/64 = 0.211
Hence R 1 = 0.106 and so R 2 = 0.176-0.106 = 0.07
No load test : Ignoring friction and windage losses,
Pcore = P I12 R 1 = 1200 22 2 0.106 = 1200 51.3 = 1148.7 W
Phase voltage v p = 208 / 3 = 120.1 V

3v 2p 3 120.12
RC = = = 37.7
Pcore 1148.7
v p 120.1
X1 + X M = = = 5.459 , X M = 5.459 X1 = 5.459-0.212= 5.247
I1 22
Notice that for similar primary voltages, R C and X M are lower than those for
transformers by at least a factor of 10.

Plotting the torque speed curve is left to you !!!