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August 2010

New cancer buddies - ready to give support

The two-day training course held in July was a resounding suc- Patient and Caregiver Telephone Support Line, which connects
cess and was oversubscribed, so People Living With Cancer are patients with survivors who share their diagnosis and, if possi-
hoping to arrange another course later in the year. ble, treatment history. She called the senior administrative
The Donald Gordon Medical Centre hosted the course and assistant for the Anderson Network who quickly searched the
provided lunch on Saturday and their Oncology unit provided database of nearly 1,200 telephone support volunteers to find
more refreshments during the two days., one with a similar diagnosis and treatment plan.

The DGMC Nursing Manager Mrs Nancy Tsele welcomed par- Within 15 minutes, Sarabia Cerda recalls, the patient’s cell
ticipants and the course was facilitated by Linda Greeff of phone rang. On the other end of the line was a Tennessee man
People Living With Cancer, Cape Town, and guest speakers who had survived the same diagnosis, metastasis and surgery.
were Deirdre Dimbleby (Hospice), Dr Adam Nosworthy The men spoke for several minutes, then the reassured patient
(DGMC Oncologist), Bev du Toit (Cancer Coping Kit) and decided to go ahead with surgery.
Bernice Lass (DGMC Oncology Unit Manager). More than a year later, he is doing well.
The following is an excerpt from MD Anderson Medical “He was a tough guy, but he was frightened and desperate.We
Centre’s e-newsletter, “Network” and illustrates the service (health care professionals) are sympathetic, but we haven’t
People Living with Cancer is setting up in South Africa : walked in patients’ shoes,” Sarabia Cerda says. “It was great to
be able to connect him with someone who understood exact-
In a preparatory meeting before surgery to insert his chemo-
ly what he was feeling.”
therapy port, the middle-aged man had become agitated, then
had burst into tears and said, “I’m going to die anyway. Why
So if you, or a friend or relative, have been diagnosed with
should I do this?”
cancer and need to talk to someone who has been through
Sarabia Cerda, a physician assistant in MD Anderson’s it, please give our Johannesburg helpline a call on
Department of Surgery, remembered the AndersonNetwork 073 975 1452 or our national helpline 0861-ASK-NOW.
THE VIEW FROM THE OTHER SIDE - patient’s autonomy, I answered, “Well, I will lay out the options, list
some pros and cons, and the family will make a decision.”
This is when Marco asked the question that sparked this posting:
The irony of “How will they make that decision? They don’t have the expertise
to make that call, do they? Isn’t that what you are trained for?”
patient And that’s when it struck me. This family has had two key decision
points: the day the girl was diagnosed, and the day her marrow
autonomy showed persistent leukemia. At the first point, my expertise was
unimportant… any oncologist would have said the same thing (that
she needed chemotherapy), and the patient’s autonomy was only a
One of the cornerstones of medical ethics is the concept of patient secondary consideration. At the second point, when the optimal
autonomy. MedicineNet.com provides a succinct definition: “The choice is NOT clear, when the decision should be MOST informed
right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without by someone experienced, that’s when I was explicit about my desire
their health care provider trying to influence the decision. Patient to lay out choices and let the family decide.
autonomy does allow for health care providers to educate the I still don’t think I should tell the family what decision to make… I
patient but does not allow the health care provider to make the just think it’s ironic that when the decisions are more complex, and
decision for the patient.” my expertise matters more, the patient’s autonomy is even more
At lunch the other day, I was talking about a particularly challenging important.
case when this concept came up. After thinking for a few minutes, I Maybe that’s how it should be. What do you think?
was struck by a sense of irony that I wanted to share in case others
”Dr David Loeb is Assistant Professor of Oncology and Pediatrics, Director,
have thoughts about this.
Musculoskeletal Tumour Programme, and Co-Director, Sarcoma Centre at
The patient is a teenager with leukemia. When she was diagnosed Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, USA. You can subscribe to Doctor David’s very
with leukemia, we didn’t really give her parents any choices about readable blog at http://doctordavidsblog.blogspot.comReadingRoom/
treatment. We told them their daughter has leukemia, she needs HealthBlogs/Reflections.htm
chemotherapy, and we think she should get this particular regimen.
Sure we received informed consent to treat the patient (whether
this is truly informed consent is a topic for a future post), but it’s
not like we gave the parents a choice of regimens or the option to
forego chemotherapy. And because leukemia in children is curable,
even if the parents had refused chemotherapy, we would have gone
to court to force her to be treated.
Did we respect the patient’s autonomy here? Based on the defini-
tion above, I would say we did not. We certainly influenced the deci-
sion – by not giving the parents any choices.
Fast forward to last week, when a bone marrow examination
Cancer Support Group
revealed residual leukemia. The next course of action at this point is held monthly
not clear: should she go straight to a bone marrow transplant? If so,
should it be a standard transplant, or a more experimental
August 14
approach? How about more chemotherapy? Is so, which regimen? September 11 ◆ October 9
The right choice is not clear. My “lunch date” is not a physician. So
he asked me, “How will the family decide?” Full of respect for the November13 ◆ December 11

9h00 for 9h30


Cancer Coping Kit at 18 Eton Road, Parktown
The multi-lingual Cancer Coping Kit to help cancer patients (opposite WDGMC main entrance)
cope with their journey to recovery, thanks to a grant from the
National Lottery Distribution Trust Fund (NLDTF). Enquiries:
The Cancer Coping Kit is available in English, Afrikaans, isiZulu Bernice Lass, WDCMG, (011) 356 6148
and seSotho. It provides knowledge and understanding for peo-
ple diagnosed with cancer. The kit also provides family members Chris Olivier, People Living with
and care givers with information and coping techniques. Cancer/CANSA,
Patients or caregivers can obtain the kit from: cansurvive@icon.co.za or 083 640 4949
Bev du Toit: 073 235 1571
People Living With Cancer: 073 975 1452 All patients and caregivers are welcome
The Breast Health Foundation: 076 479 0400
CANSA: 011 648 2340 No charge is made
Cancer news from Cancer patient leaves
a legacy for others
around the world It was Annick von Sametzkí’s final wish that the book she had
spent three years writing during her battle with Hodgkin’s
New Vitamin D Guidelines Lymphoma be published to give other cancer patients hope, guid-
ance and straightforward advice from her own experience. Her
New and updated guidelines on recommended vitamin D intake dream became a reality when her friends raised funds and had the
have been published recently in the online issue of the Canadian book, “From Patient to Patience”, published last year. Her story, a
Medical Association Journal (CMAJ). poignant but informative chronicle, is an invaluable guide for those
Dr. David Hanley, professor at the University of Calgary Faculty of dealing with any form of cancer. Ironically, had Annick followed
Medicine, and member of Osteoporosis Canada's (OC) Scientific the advice she gives in the book, she may have had a better chance
Advisory Council, is the lead author of the paper on behalf of of survival. And this is the core message she wanted to share with
Osteoporosis Canada. those facing cancer, her book urges them to be better informed so
that they can make the necessary life and death decisions. The
Vitamin D is essential to the treatment of osteoporosis because it first days after a diagnosis are bewildering - dealing with the
promotes calcium absorption from the diet and is necessary for nor- shock, family panic, and plethora of advice and treatment options
mal bone growth. Some research suggests it may also ward off available can be completely overwhelming. After a few treatments
immune diseases, infection and cancer. of chemotherapy and an unfortunate experience with her oncolo-
The new guidelines recommend daily supplements of 400 to 1000 gist she gave up and pursued a range of other options and by then
IU for adults under age 50 without osteoporosis or conditions the cancer had progressed. She eventually realised that she had to
affecting vitamin D absorption. For adults over 50, supplements of go back to the conventional way and was in remission for a while
between 800 and 2000 IU are recommended. and finally lost her long battle in 2009.

"A daily supplement of 25 mcg (800 IU) should now be regarded as The book is available at a cost of R130 from
a minimum dose for adults with osteoporosis," writes Hanley with http://www.annickvons.com
co-authors. "Canadians can safely take daily vitamin D supplements or if you have a problem, email: sametzkis@mweb.co.za
up to the current definition of tolerable upper intake level (50 mcg Funds raised from the sales of the book will be donated to the
[2000 IU]), but doses above that require medical supervision." “Jungle Tots Mother Touch Academy” Pre School in the impover-
The authors conclude with a call for research into optimal doses and ished community of Diepsloot.
safe upper limits for vitamin D intake. Despite a great deal of new
research in the past decade, these major clinical questions still have
not been addressed.
Article URL:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/194706.php

Breast cancer cells: death by peaches


and plums
Breast cancer cells - even the most aggressive type - died after
treatments with peach and plum extracts in lab tests at Texas
AgriLife Research recently, and scientists say the results are deli-
ciously promising. Not only did the cancerous cells keel over, but
the normal cells were not harmed in the process.
AgriLife Research scientists say two phenolic compounds are
responsible for the cancer cell deaths in the study, which was pub-
lished in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. The phenols
are organic compounds that occur in fruits. They are slightly acidic
and may be associated with traits such as aroma, taste or color.
"It was a differential effect which is what you're looking for because
in current cancer treatment with chemotherapy, the substance kills
all cells, so it is really tough on the body," said Dr. David Byrne,
AgriLife Research plant breeder who studies stone fruit. "Here, there
is a five-fold difference in the toxic intensity. You can put it at a level
where it will kill the cancer cells - the very aggressive ones - and not
the normal ones."
Byrne and Dr. Luis Cisneros-Zevallos originally studied the antioxi-
dants and phytonutrients in plums and found them to match or
exceed the blueberry which had been considered superior to other
fruits in those categories.
Walk with the Angels
A closer look at the extracts determined that two specific phenolic

at Zoo Lake
acid components - chlorogenic and neochlorogenic - were responsi-
ble for killing the cancer cells while not affecting the normal cells,
Cisneros-Zevallos said.
The team said laboratory tests also confirmed that the compounds
prevented cancer from growing in animals given the compounds.
Article URL:
Visit us at Zoo Lake on 29th August - People Living With
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190800.php Cancer are supporting Angels Walking For Cancer and would
love to meet you there.
White button mushrooms enhance the The Donald Gordon Medical Centre are also supporting the
immune system event and are kindly sharing their gazebo to us!
Although WBMs make up about 90 percent of the total mushrooms Get your entry form from www.angelswalking.co.za
consumed in the United States, little research has been conducted
into their nutritional value until the last few years. In groundbreak-
6 Exercise Check with your doctor about what level is best for
ing animal and lab research conducted at the Jean Mayer USDA
you. Even a brisk 15-minute walk, three times a week does
Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts
wonders for how you think and feel.
University, scientists have now documented how WBMs boost the
immune system by increasing the production of proteins that fight 7 Do It Now Procrastination can lead to negative feelings about
disease-causing pathogens. The research team, which included yourself. One doesn’t have to go to extremes, but it can feel
HNRCA director Simin Meydani and his colleague, Dayong Wu, very satisfying at the end of the day to have accomplished a
from the HNRCA Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, discovered hard task or met a difficult situation head-on.
the mushrooms have a positive impact on immune system cells 8 Adapt To Rather Than Resist Change Change is inevitable and
classified as dendritic cells. is a necessary part of life. The important thing is to be patient
This is important because dendritic cells (DCs) can make white with yourself when you are going through change, and to give
blood cells known as T cells that are crucial to a strong and healthy yourself time to go through the phases of transition. Realize it
immune system. Dendritic cells recognize and then deactivate or takes time to let go of the old and embrace the new.
destroy invading microbes such as bacteria and viruses or antigens 9 Test Your Assumptions Sometimes in our interactions with
(any substances that cause the immune system to respond). What's other people, we make the most incredible assumptions and
more, they may play a role in fighting cancer. act as if they are true. Rather than assuming, it might be worth
the risk to ask directly what was meant.
Fifteen tips for mental fitness 10 Express Your Feelings Emotions are a natural response to life.
The University of Washington offer these tips which may well be It is important to find ways to express your feelings. Journaling
applied to cancer patients: your thoughts is one way that can help you clarify what you
are feeling. Once you have identified your feelings, you may
1 Learn to Relax Allow yourself to let go of inner tensions by
find it easier to share them with others.
giving yourself a “mini vacation.” Give your mind a break by
becoming engrossed in a good book, watching a movie, listen- 11 Grieve Losses Sadness and grief are natural and appropriate
ing to music, taking a walk, working on a hobby, meditating or responses to the losses which we all experience. Grief over the
similar activity that is relaxing for you. loss of a love one can be very painful and may last for some
time. By being kind and allowing ourselves the time to grieve,
2 Be Kind To Yourself People are frequently too hard on them-
we have the potential to be stronger than ever.
selves when things don’t go right. Tune into your self talk, and
counteract your negative thoughts about yourself with positive 12 Rest Get a good night’s sleep. Not everyone needs the same
statements. amount of sleep, but it should be restful sleep. There are many
techniques available to help promote relaxation; or, you might
3 Eat Properly Nutrition has a direct impact on feeling mentally
want to check with your doctor rather than assuming your
positive. Limit your intake of sugar, fat, salt, caffeine and alco-
restless sleep is simply something you have to live with.
hol and help yourself stay mentally fit.
13 Review Your “Shoulds” If you feel stuck by some things you
4 Find A Friend Friendships are very important to mental fitness.
“Should” be doing and aren’t, set a time limit by which you will
Working on developing and maintaining friendships is one of
either have them done or get rid of them. Staying stuck in the
the best ways to continue growing as a person. Expressing feel-
middle is a good way to punish yourself and cause mental
ings and ideas to another person can help us clarify what’s truly
anguish and stress.
important to ourselves.
14 Have A Laugh Nurture your sense of humor, especially about
5 Learn to Say “No” Often people feel the need to respond
yourself. Trying to see the humorous side of things makes even
immediately when a friend or family member make a request.
Help yourself set limits by avoiding the quick “knee jerk”
response in the affirmative. Instead, let them know you will get
back to them shortly. Then do a check of your schedule; ask DISCLAIMER: This newsletter is for information purposes only and is
yourself if you really want to add to your load. Give yourself not intended to replace the advice of a medical professional. Please
permission to say “No” when you are too busy to take on addi- consult your doctor for personal medical advice before taking any
tional commitments of your time or energy. action that may impact on your health.
the most difficult situations easier to bear. Laughter is good
medicine. Being too serious limits your ability to enjoy life.
15 Ask For Help f you need emotional support or just someone to
2010 dates to diarise
talk to, don’t be afraid to ask for it. There are times in life when 14 August Cancer Support Group, Parktown
everyone must look outside themselves for comfort and advice. 28 August Bosom Buddies, 9h30 Hotel Sans Souci
If friends can do the job, ask them to help. If not, be assured 29 August Angels Walking For Cancer, Zoo Lake
that professional help is available through your employee assis-
tance program. 8-10 September CANSA Women’s Health Conference
11 September Cancer Support Group, Parktown
Research on aspirin and colorectal cancer 15 September Reach for Recovery, Jhb, meeting
An observational study published in the Journal of the American 9 October Cancer Support Group, Parktown
Medical Association (Volume 302, page 649) finds that people with
9 October Bosom Buddies, 9h30 Hotel Sans Souci
colorectal cancer live longer if they take aspirin on a regular basis.
October 27 Reach for Recovery, Jhb, meeting
Researchers looked at aspirin use in 1,279 men and women with
stage I, II, or III colorectal cancer who were enrolled in two large 13 November Cancer Support Group, Parktown
studies. They found that after nearly 12 years of follow-up, regular 27 November Bosom Buddies, 9h30 Hotel Sans Souci
aspirin users had a 29% lower risk of dying of colorectal cancer than December 1 Reach for Recovery, Jhb, End of Year Lunch
nonusers. The 10-year survival rate was 74% for the individuals who
11 December Cancer Support Group, Parktown
used aspirin after their diagnosis and 69% for those who did not.
The researchers have several reasons to believe that aspirin was CONTACT DETAILS :
responsible for the improved survival. For example, when the People Living With Cancer Helpline 0861-ASK-NOW
researchers examined tumors from 459 participants, they found that www.plwc.org.za
only tumors with high levels of COX-2 benefited from aspirin use. People Living With Cancer, Johannesburg Cancer Support
Aspirin is known to inhibit COX-2, which promotes inflammation and Group: 073 975 1452, cansurvive@icon.co.za
cell growth and is found at high levels in most colorectal cancers. Bosom Buddies: 0860 283 343, www.bosombuddies.org.za
Bottom line: Aspirin has a number of side effects and shouldn't be Campaign for Cancer: www.campaign4cancer.co.za
used by everyone. But if you have been diagnosed with non- CANSA Johannesburg Central: 011 648 2340, 19 St John Road,
metastatic colorectal cancer, talk to your doctor about the possibili- Houghton, www.cansa.org.za
ty of regular aspirin use. National Office (Bedfordview) - 011 616 7662
Reach for Recovery: Johannesburg, Antoinette 011 648 0990
or 072 849 2901
Discovery of gene that causes HER2 breast
Reach for Recovery: Harare, Zimbabwe contact 707659.
cancer to spread raises hope Cancer Centre - Harare: 60 Livingstone Avenue, Harare
Tel: 707673 / 705522 / 707444 Fax: 732676 E-mail:
Scientists in Scotland have identified a gene that plays a key role in
cancer@mweb.co.zw www.cancerhre.co.zw
the spread of HER2 positive breast cancer to other parts of the
body, raising hopes of a new treatment for this common form of
breast cancer. Breakthrough treatment for anal cancer
HER2 positive breast cancer is a type of breast cancer where an over-
The INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma and the ProCure Proton
expression of the HER2/neu gene and its associated protein HER2
Therapy Center announce a breakthrough treatment approach for
(Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2) is linked to increased
anal canal cancer. For the first time in the United States proton ther-
disease recurrence and worse prognosis.It accounts for 1 in 5 of all
apy is now being used to treat this type of cancer.
breast cancer cases and affects about 9,000 women a year in the UK.
"In the past, patients with gastrointestinal cancers, specifically those
Research leader Dr Elad Katz, from the Breakthrough Breast Cancer
in the pelvis, have rarely had proton therapy as an option because
Research Unit at the University of Edinburgh, and colleagues describe
the required field size and depths were too largeaccording to the
their research and discovery of the new gene, called C35, in a paper
medical director of the ProCure Proton Therapy Center in
that was published online in the British Journal of Cancer on 13 July.
Oklahoma City. "The precision of proton therapy allows for the
They found that in primary breast cancers, high levels of C35 mRNA tumor to be treated with much greater accuracy, with less risk to
gene expression were linked with HER2 gene amplification, and healthy tissue permitting a more tolerable course of treatment for
using lab cultures, were able to show that high levels of C35 protein our patients."
expression were linked with hallmarks of how cancer cells are
Physicians who treat patients at the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of
formed: for instance they grew colonies in soft agar and then
Oklahoma and the ProCure Proton Therapy Center recently devel-
showed they invaded collagen matrices (the scaffolding that gives
oped this new protocol and have successfully treated their first anal
tissue its structure) to form larger three-dimensional structures.
canal cancer patient, the first in the country to receive such treat-
Researchers at Breakthrough Breast Cancer are excited by this dis- ment. Traditional forms of radiation therapy could have been used to
covery because there are already drugs in development that could treat this patient, but the dose to the intestines and bladder would
target C35, offering a new treatment for HER2 positive breast cancer. have been twice as high, a risk the patient was unwilling to take.
Article URL: Article URL:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/194890.php http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/195140.php
Can cancer be overdiagnosed?
by Dr Bruce Campbell
The heresy of one age becomes the orthodoxy of the next. As evidence, the investigators demonstrate that the number of
-Helen Keller people who develop some types of cancer (prostate, thyroid,
The patient returned to my clinic several years after her original thy- breast, kidney, and melanoma) has doubled since 1975 with no
roid cancer surgery. “The cancer blood test never went completely increase in the number of people dying from these types of cancer.
back to zero,” she told me. “We knew there was cancer in there Further, they cite autopsy studies of people dying of non-cancer
somewhere. Finally, the new ultrasound machine found it! I guess it diagnoses that have detected tiny, harmless cancers in as many as
is time for more surgery!” one-third of people. Chasing down and treating these “overdiag-
I guess. In my patient’s situation, the latest high resolution diagnos- nosed” cancers carries both risk and cost. An accompanying edito-
tic test had identified a slowly growing, small cancer. However, rial notes that policies must “reduce the burden of cancer death
there are no studies to show that taking out these small cancers has AND cancer diagnosis.”
any significant, long-term impact. At two national meetings I The second study looks at the rapid growth in the use of follow-up
attended in the past few weeks, surgeons from all around the world scans in older cancer patients (mean age = 76). The paper, published
scratched their heads and debated the merits of aggressive surgery in the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that the
versus careful observation without coming to any conclusions. use of PET scans grew 36% to 54% each year between 1999 and
Two recent papers help point to why this is such a difficult topic. 2006 for Medicare patients with cancers of the prostate, breast, col-
orectum, lung, as well as leukemias and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
The first study, titled “Overdiagnosis in Cancer” published in the For the lung cancer patients, there was a 14-fold increase in the use
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, makes a very convincing of PET scans over the seven years! Other tests grew at a slower rate.
argument that screening and very early detection can often identi- The overall cost of imaging grew at 5% to 10% each year.
fy cancers that would otherwise have never caused any problems.
So, what does this mean? Despite the continuing good news that
fewer Americans are dying of cancer each year, there are more and
more people being treated, thanks to sophisticated screening proce-
Cancer Association dures capable of detecting smaller and smaller abnormalities. At
of Zimbabwe least some of these smaller cancers would have been harmless. At
the same time, spending on scans and other imaging studies is
The Cancer Association of Zimbabwe has introduced a monthly growing much faster than inflation. The growth rate in expenses
support group for the patients who are able to attend and meet contributes to the spiraling costs of medical care.
other patients, to support each other, to encourage each other as
Some things that we always felt were “true” about cancer deserve
well as look at their problems. In the long run, it is hoped that the
another look. We were all raised to believe that cancer, left untreat-
members themselves will guide the way forward and help with
ed, was uniformly fatal. We always knew that small cancers are
programming.
more curable. For many people, these statements are certainly true.
Forthcoming events
For other people, though, it is equally true that cancer is more of a
18/09/2010 – High Tea – Please contact Linda on 707444/ chronic disease, like hypertension or diabetes. It is also true that
705522 for more details. many of us have cancer and will never, ever know it. The data call for
changes in how physicians and people with cancer understand what
22/10/2010 – Dinner Dance at Wild Geese. Preparations are
the diagnosis means.
beginning. Contact Suzie Madondo and Petronella on cell number
091 2 225421. Change might be great for society, but what about each individual?
Will we tolerate having less care? Witness the recent upheaval over
28/10/2010 – Think Pink Golf Tournament. Preparations are ongo-
the evolving recommendations for mammography in younger
ing, thanks to the dedicated team.
women. What patient, knowing that he or she might have a cancer
30/10/10 – Breast Cancer Breakfast . Preparations are ongoing. inside, would ever agree to just let it be?
Regular weekly events include meditation and relaxation classes When the door to the examination room closes, we sit with our
which all play a vital role in the healing and wellbeing of the body. patients and make decisions. Do we operate? Do we watch? Do we
Reach For Recovery order a scan or don’t we? Do we try something else? As much as we
love certainty, there are times when we proceed based on the avail-
The Reach For Recovery Support Group is operating from within able research and our best guesses.
offices, as and when they can. These ladies are breast cancer sur-
vivors who have much to offer in the way of psychological and My patient elected to have surgery to remove the tiny recurrence
emotional support especially HOPE to anyone out there who may knowing that there were real risks to the surgery and that there
have been diagnosed with Breast Cancer. For more info contact might be no benefits. I was never convinced that what we did made
707659. a difference in her long-term prognosis, but I certainly hope it was
money well spent.
The Cancer Association would like to sincerely acknowledge the
support and encouragement from all our donors, survivors, friends Dr Bruce Campbell is a head and neck cancer surgeon
volunteers well wishers and associates for being there for us in all (otolaryngologist) at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin.
our endeavors. Read his blog at http://www.froedtert.com/HealthResources/
ReadingRoom/HealthBlogs/Reflections.htm

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