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for
Vetra Group
Cohembi-1
RFLA 1003241
FINAL REPORT
The analyses, opinions or interpretations in this report are based on observations and material supplied by the client to
whom, and for whose exclusive and confidential use, this report is made. The interpretations or opinions expressed
represent the best judgement of Core Laboratories(Colombia), (all errors and omissions excepted); but Core Laboratories
(Colombia) and its officers and employees assume no responsibility and make no warranty or representations as to the
productivity, proper operation or profitability of any oil, gas or any other mineral well formation in connection with which
such report is used or relied upon.
Vetra Group,
Carrera 7, No.71-52,
Torre A, Piso 10
Bogota, Colombia
Subject: Reservoir Fluid Study; well Cohembi-1; our file RFLA 1003241.
On 23rd June 2010 two (2) bottomhole samples were collected by Core Lab representative and delivered
to our Colombia laboratory. The samples were subject to a programme of analyses as specified by Vetra
Group. Presented in the following report are the final results of all PVT analyses performed for well
Cohembi-1.
Bottomhole sample cylinders 820357 and 815667 were transferred into a Core Laboratories (Colombia)
owned cylinders and a Reservoir Fluid Study performed. Bottomhole sample 815667 was consumed
during analysis.
Core Laboratories (Colombia) are very pleased to have been of service to Vetra Group in this work.
Should any questions arise concerning the data presented in this report, or if Core Laboratories (Colombia)
may be of assistance in any other matter, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Yours sincerely,
Jeffrey Thomasson
Reservoir Fluids Manager Colombia
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Table of Contents
Section G - Appendix
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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The selected bottomhole sample was heated to a temperature of 200F and stabilised at 7000 psig prior to any sample
removal in order to eliminate any possible wax precipitation.
Compositional Analysis
The compositions of the bottomhole sample were determined using a flash/separation technique and gas
chromatography. The samples were flashed at 120F and separated into gas and liquid phases. The gases were
analysed by extended gas analysis technique (see below) and the liquids by temperature programmed high resolution
capillary gas chromatography (see below). The two analyses were then combined mathematically on a weight basis to
produce a C36+ weight percent composition.
Liquid Compositions
Residual/stocktank liquid composition were measured using a HP-6890 chromatograph. The gas chromatograph utilizes
a cold on column, "sandwich injection" technique to ensure that a representative sample is injected and swept onto the
column. The sample is run twice; first the original fluid and then fluid spiked with n-tetradecane. This allows the
laboratory to take into account any heavy end (C36+) losses that may have occurred during the chromatographic run, and
make an accurate correction prior to reporting the liquid composition. The data obtained from the gas chromatograph is
in weight %. Calculations to mole% and the plus fractions properties are described later.
The chromatograph for liquid samples is checked daily, using a gravimetric n-paraffin mix containing a range of pure
components from C8 through C36 and a synthetic gas-oil mix (D2887) with known composition. The resultant calibration
data is checked statistically against previous calibrations prior to performing analyses on unknown samples.
Gas Compositions
Gas composition were measured using a "one shot" Varian 3800 gas analyzer using GPA 2286 method. The gas
chromatograph utilizes 3 columns to clearly identify all of the eluted components from N2, CO2 and C1 through C11+.
The chromatograph is calibrated weekly using air and synthetic hydrocarbon gas with a known composition. The
resultant calibration data is checked statistically against previous calibrations prior to performing analyses on unknown
samples.
The mole% data is calculated using GPSA mole weight and density data, where individual components are identified,
from carbon dioxide through decanes. Katz and Firoozabadi data are used from undecanes through pentatriacontanes.
The residue mole weight and density values are calculated so that the pseudo average mole weight and density are the
same as the measured values. This can lead to anomalous residue mole weights and densities where the Katz and
Firoozabadi values may not be suitable for the isomer groups detected.
Other alternatives are to use an assumed C36+ molecular weight and density value, use a linear extrapolation technique
for components from C10 to C35 to calculate the C36+ properties or to utilise distillation analysis to produce a C11+,
C20+ or C36+ residual oil fraction and physically measure the molecular weight and density
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
A.1
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Differential Vaporisation
This was carried out in a high pressure visual PVT cell, at reservoir temperature on the same subsample used for the
CCE test. At several pressure stages, below the observed saturation pressure, the sample was stabilised. The gas
evolved was then pumped out of the cell and the volume, compressibility and composition were determined. The final
stage was carried out at atmospheric pressure when the residual liquid was pumped out of the cell and its density and
composition were determined.
Viscosity
This test was carried out using a Cambridge electro-magnetic viscometer (EMV) on a portion of bottomhole sample
815667. The instrument contains two magnetic coils inside a stainless steel body. A low mass stainless steel piston
inside the measurement chamber is magnetically forced back and forth in the fluid. The time required for the piston to
move a fixed distance is then very accurately related to the viscosity of the fluid in the chamber by use of calibration
constants.
The viscosity measurements were run from 6000 psig down to atmospheric pressure at reservoir temperature. The
measurements were repeated at each pressure stage until five consistent viscosity measurements were obtained within
0.5% of each other.
Separator Test
Finally, one single-stage separator tests were carried out using a pressurized test separator cell. A portion of the
bottomhole fluid sample, at a pressure above saturation pressure, was pumped into the separator cell and stabilized at
the pressure and temperature required for the first stage separation. The gas evolved was pumped out of the cell and the
volume and composition were determined. The final stage was carried out at atmospheric pressure and separator
temperature and the density of the residual liquid was determined.
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
A.2
6000 3784 205 Bottomhole Sample 815667
Average single phase compressibility 6.17 x 10-6 psi from 3784 psig to 579 psig
Solution gas-oil ratio at saturation pressure, Rsd (1) 123 scf/bbl of residual oil at 60F
Relative oil volume at saturation pressure, Bod (2) 1.122 vol/vol of residual oil at 60F
35 100
0 60 0.9430
(API = 18.4)
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
A.3
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Field............................................................................................... N/A
Well................................................................................................ Cohemb-1
Reservoir Fluid............................................................................... Black Oil
Formation....................................................................................... N/A
Current Reservoir Pressure ........................................................... 205 F
Reservoir Temperature................................................................... 3784 psig
Sampling Information
Choke............................................................................................. N/A
Status of well.................................................................................. N/A
Comments:
Datanotprovided
** Data submitted by Occidental
to Core de
Laboratories Colombia
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
B.1
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Note:
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
B.2
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
B.3
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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C7+
Mole% 93.50 2.48 72.86
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 369 96 367
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 0.9525 0.7443 0.9519
C11+
Mole% 73.37 0.00 56.74
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 438 147 438
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 0.9738 0.7890 0.9737
C20+
Mole% 44.53 34.44
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 593 593
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 1.0127 1.0127
C36+
Mole % 23.80 18.40
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 791 790
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 1.0717 1.0716
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
B.4
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
C.1
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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(1) Relative Volume = V / Vsat ie. volume at indicated pressure per volume at saturation pressure.
(2) Instantaneous compressibility = (V2-V1) / V1 x 1/(P1-P2)
(3) Y-function = (Psat - P ) / ((Pabs)(V/Vsat - 1)).
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
C.2
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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1.005
1.000
0.995
Relative Volume, V/Vsat
0.990
0.985
0.980
0.975
0.970
0.965
500 1500 2500 3500 4500 5500 6500
Pressure (psig)
6.000
5.500
5.000
Relative Volume, V/Vsat
4.500
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Pressure (psig)
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
C.3
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Differential Vaporisation at 205F
At 60F = 1.000
API 16.7
(1) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.73 psia and 60F per barrel of residual oil at 60F.
(2) Volume of oil at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of residual oil at 60F.
(3) Volume of oil plus liberated gas at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of residual oil at 60F.
(4) Volume of gas at indicated pressure and temperature per volume at 14.73 psia and 60F.
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
D.1
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Graphs From Differential Vaporisation at 205F
140
120
100
Gas-Oil Ratio (scf / bbl)
80
60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Pressure (psig)
1.140
1.120
Relative Oil Volume (V/Vr)
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Pressure (psig)
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
D.2
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporisation Gases to C11+
Sample I.D.
Test Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6
Stage Pressure (psig) 450 350 250 150 80 0
Component (Mole%)
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
D.3
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporisation Residual Oil to C36+
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
D.4
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporisation Residual Oil to C36+
C7+
Mole% 94.74
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 380
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 0.9591
C11+
Mole% 74.67
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 451
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 0.9804
C20+
Mole% 46.16
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 608
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 1.0184
C36+
Mole % 26.33
Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 791
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 1.0717
API () 16.7
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
D.5
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Differential Vaporisation Data Converted to Production Separator Conditions
Notes:
Bo = Bod x (Bofb/Bodb)
(2) Volume of gas at indicated pressure and temperature per volume at 14.73 psia and 60F.
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
D.6
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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6000 30.803
5000 27.621
4000 24.685
3784 Reservoir pressure 24.086
3000 22.031
2000 19.714
1000 17.832
579 Saturation pressure 17.211
450 17.752 0.0121 1,472.0
350 18.363 0.0122 1,506.3
250 19.184 0.0113 1,704.9
150 20.371 0.0117 1,734.1
0 33.724 0.0092 3,657.6
35.00
30.00
25.00
Viscosity (cP)
20.00
15.00
10.00
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Pressure (psig)
(1) Calculated using the method of Lee, Gonzales and Eakin, JPT, Aug 1966.
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
E.1
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Note :
(1) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.73 psia and 60F per barrel of oil at indicated pressure and temperature.
(2) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.73 psia and 60F per barrel of stocktank oil at 60F.
(3) Volume of saturated oil at 579 psig and 205F per volume of stocktank oil at 60F.
(4) Volume of oil at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of stocktank oil at 60F.
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
F.1
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Sample I.D.
Component (Mole%)
H2 Hydrogen 0.00 0.00
H2S Hydrogen Sulphide 0.00 0.00
CO2 Carbon Dioxide 2.44 1.54
N2 Nitrogen 4.64 2.04
C1 Methane 62.16 14.03
C2 Ethane 11.76 13.78
C3 Propane 12.58 32.09
iC4 i-Butane 1.49 6.17
nC4 n-Butane 3.19 16.80
C5 Neo-Pentane 0.01 0.06
iC5 i-Pentane 0.63 4.35
nC5 n-Pentane 0.51 4.23
C6 Hexanes 0.26 2.65
M-C-Pentane 0.06 0.54
Benzene 0.01 0.08
Cyclohexane 0.03 0.26
C7 Heptanes 0.10 0.73
M-C-Hexane 0.03 0.17
Toluene 0.01 0.04
C8 Octanes 0.05 0.26
E-Benzene 0.00 0.01
M/P-Xylene 0.00 0.01
O-Xylene 0.00 0.00
C9 Nonanes 0.03 0.10
1,2,4-TMB 0.00 0.00
C10 Decanes 0.01 0.04
C11+ Undecanes plus 0.00 0.02
_____ _____
Totals: 100.00 100.00
Gas Gravity
(Air = 1.000) 0.882 1.584
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
F.2
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Section G - Appendix
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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* ASTM Data Series Publication DS 4B (1991) - Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon
Compounds.
** GPA Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Natural Gas,
GPA 2145-96.
Note :
The gas mole % compositions were calculated from the measured weight % compositions using the most detailed analysis results,
involving as many of the above components as were identified. The reported component mole % compositions were then sub-grouped
into the generic carbon number components.
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)
G.1
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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* ASTM Data Series Publication DS 4B (1991) - Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon
Compounds.
** GPA Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Natural Gas
GPA 2145-96.
Note :
The residue mole weight and density values ( eg heptanes plus, undecanes plus, eicosanes plus) are calculated so that the calculated
average mole weights and densities correspond with the measured values. This can lead to anomalous residue mole weights and
densities where the Katz and Firoozabadi values may not be suitable for the isomer groups detected.
________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories (Colombia)
G.2
Vetra Group FINAL REPORT
Cohembi-1 RFLA 1003241
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Core Laboratories (Colombia)