Construction of Cable Stayed Road Over Bridge

at Krishnarajapuram. Bangalore

B S SUDHIH CHANDRA, R RICHARDSON ASIH and S-UFLIIT SINGH

HI5TOF|1C.AL REVIEW
'11:: modern cable Itny-ed bridge was born in 1950': while
Diadningerfrun umnnydcsignedthcslloemnnd tidgein
Svmden . Tb rrtmstmctiun of clhlc stnyctl bridges in Iil
I'll
developed cotmuiat.-.5. So far only three cable stayed-bridges
hlveb-aenonnsuuct1edinlndm.AlltbcsclIidgesu'eacIuas
riwtlsandu-endbntInI:edtypc.11tc;|-opooedctbleltnyed
hridgaatangaknlsaruaduvcrlridgeacrocsanilw-ayyard
IIIII the spit outgurnm is unsymmetrical.

1. INTRODUCTION
T'tl:c|iItingR.u|dDvcrlJridgrtROBinrarl{R.Pttnmllai]wny
Suburban Sti tllt on the busy BI:lgnInrrMndra.< Nttioul
Highwly No. 4 in nlrorw with 5-cunt: on either sidt. The
width Df on the hnclgc is nut suicial In cuartn
lilhuvytn cmdinnlnhn.-s rnsullud intruicuungus uu. PH. I Cable Stayed lrlifgl at Krisllnarujaptrrlll.
Thelpproncltesuneitherside hmrcshupctirvlhlreunndtitc Bangalore Arri.tr'.t Vinv
jtII:limwhu1th:tuudtnVr'hitcrIdtakesustf.i5nimciusc
Iaotitcexislinghtidgc. Inordtrtocascuuttiteunfccungeltian A schematic tlilgnm indicating the various features of the
and further to improve the road npprmtch geometry, l::rid;einchI:Hn;IiIeIpproncheaissltowninFig.1.
racunatructiun at Road Dvcr Bddge with the mu:-or-the In
Cubic stayed lritlge wu conceived nnd the oon.I=t:I'uction was
tlken up by Southern Rniiwuy. Cmstrumtinn Orgnnizatim.
Btngaiorutau:t:lcm.turR_s_4I9tilal:lu.Theprnjactisfundud
by Ministry of Surface Tran-span. Ministry of Railways and
Iheuvarnmnmofiarnatakn. Thedt.-sign Inticonstmctionnf
Ih:l:I'idgeItcnu1uta:dmM!siRCDN IntermtioIu.llJd.'lhe
design was nude by Hi: IRCDN in collul-nralmn with M1:
BBR. SI"iI3 'lII The. ctmstructiuu ofthr bridge is in program
audisexpncteti lobe t:ump|t.'ted by the cm! dyer 201}. The
Artist: view of the uotttpietcd bridge is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 Sdmna m!lnngimdituf Section
2. SALIENT FEATURES The mlirmfmuru of that bridge an dmliird btiawz
The prepared bridge essentially cuttuim of 1 single Pylon cl Tculheagtltofthellridge 230m
twin-legged 'A' frame type with acahlr: .-tnyrd span oer Iam.
l.c|tgt|tofC.|hlcStnjvI:dportinn l8lJmtl35m+45mJ
1011 BSSud'11rC1'1nr14:Iha. RR1a1'1a1damAs1rmdS1.1r;1lSIna

Vitducupunnlmplmnide 50111 4. PVLON

I-la1,h1c1fPg1Innnh-ovetlilnundlgvei
Typ-cor?)-Ion
C|bleCon :I'Iin11
Nmnhuufcinlnplnn
Nnmhrrnisuycnhh-.1in:h1:hg
Bukmy
L4a11[ll1ofSt.I}rCabI1:
Nu.nf'J'mmwin=u'1nud1.uhLu
Suythhhwuungimu
Duckwidih
Ntnnaaerufllnesfurcuuiageuuy
Nu.nfd.e1:u1'. ed1r|cb11ud:1'u:Ihda1:k 5
Vn unlcluunaneahnvulldlluiul
Mal-udatau:1m.un;bumPy1uu
ma a
C-n:luufcuu::=1nfnrPSCwuh.
5uyCable11u|11tit_1r
551:1 The lblasnyad ridgeesluntil ycunlilsnfllwlnicggud
Twinlcgpdh-but A-frI1nePylcI1uhnH11imncm::actlonI'H1I|IcighIul'551I
Seml u-p :ow;tm: kvd.T|:uuu-aaclimcl uuinnciuchhg
2 nu-infrom-l.6m:3.2mntbuu1o1.I5mx1Jmuthn1np.
T'|I: .1n:-dendu1cixn.y1:I1:fIllll1est|}rc :lu'n1I1icl1Iuppnn
.10
acdectlllbuelocltedunlepylontnpournlanglhuf
|t1ou1l21nudlheh1'id;e1|actiIn1ppo1'Iadn1h:py|un
3'Im1n1lJ111. lc1cIIiuuuuIwu1:cIIcnIec1x11|Icunsu1nted1nnuuHt|u'.1:ll}'
9611:1164 wi tlhcpylnultgsatldpostlmsiunadbynnnnsoflulacnlloy
111u1n:11m bIts.lheprlun|epu1:bcingoansu'u1:IndbyJunpFor1n
S|nI11=1'in'witI1lil!sufIhu1I3111.Opu1fo1nIdIIiunhuhun1
23-.41'.I1'11
adopled far 1111: pylon r1:s1in; an Inn! ruck. The pgrinn
4 Io11nduIinnisdcIi;1IodEutanIfebuI1iu.gupn:i1yd2NL-In.
TmIimI1h I:V\l11iIlilyofpjrIcII'iIa|:d1ni11gcunt:11c nn.
IL-111 Idditimlltanpwuymmiuupttpmadmhepwiddltlim
CI.1I':'.In-uF1:lm lnd331ufm1njru1m11|cvcl.T'he1i1:1Iii:of1h:pyhuue1.l*u:w-n
T1-Ivulkr mFi3.3.
H45
l61Iul.T.

3. ADOPTION OFAD-ABLE 5TATED'BH|DGE

THE L1'TESTTECHNDLO1.31'
II wueirliarcuntcnq audmnnumlcllutuvutiunl pn-
__1un;_1u1n_
1uuuudcunnre1cb1'idpvri1i1u111l1ip|n1lrun:p11u11.Th1nrnu|d
hn1rv:rh:v1:rIaquired1lIecvIlIr111:ti11nf|lI1'gIn1:n'1hlrcl'

p'1rnncIE111.n1h'1o1n inh:mea1lheuJItm;' nilwlyulchti
"i
K1-hhnmjuplmm Rnilmy Sutton 3:111. dluuptin; the train
moven1mlunI:i1.isbusyrIiIwIyIine.Onll1e1:Ii1ethl!d.Icd1le moon

u1mid1!thcrLilwty1rId:a.'l'h:un1n1un1pI:d spmebulnwihe
npln would Elcililltl: 11:-1nod1:Ii11g{1f Railway fad wi.l:hou1 any
constraint. Cable ayed hrldp reprenenu the Inca!
dc-H-cI1:p11suu inltcttdnfmndcrnhtidgccutmluztiunhllhe IIEH
wurld.Hureuver. 1C|b|St:3rudBridg:willheIasd1u1icIlly
playing with lung Ipnns of slander sections and whnn
con11tmcIed11r1Il1ief1ni1;el3rhellndn:|riinKu'n.u|h. lrl-IUI
ucahhuyaddgehnduptaddauwthafo uwtng
Idvmugu:
xlll-III?
U hsnofwndllinmlllpputhluuluiwiliainlerlilwny
1r'Ii. 1uI:willnnthamyhnunqadmmnuuylnf c
during 111: 1.'1:I1m1'n1:li1:111 :11! fun d:1r:lq'.11nI:11I. can be

0 Reduction in 1.11: overall conninaction period dun Io _ F I:.._.| .C_.. Hi-III

adoplinn of I-Ila! 1:-m:1iu11 ttdsnolo-n. i.c. acpnenul
II-IIII
m11II1'111:I:'1I:I1 by Cwl kwrFan! nnwller. I
- But11:rridin;qunli13r,Isnoux;nuuiunjuin1sa1ve|nca11:d
Fig.3 E1'1ra':irJ1uJfP_vIuI1
Ir'11l1i11Ihc11!hth*idgc |1:ng1l1_
- Ttrouniutc unuuuhnuhgyishltiguaunly mruildsic. 5. ABUTMENT3 AND PIEFIS
0 Feui lilyofonnulncillexplointiuuofapmeundnnelh ApnnfrnmIhcPylun,1h:tridinu1ppuudu1Ah1tm:uuu
uhidpdeck. hnlhaeendlmgelhuwilhluncirn rndtwoellp cpieu
I Annuuuulylcslhc cmdgrlnc snucnnuintmendlh h3ro11dIl1!ll)'|5P11inuIIIh:Ban;pkncndinInohlip1:
Ihegnntnl:-itynfmgnlue. uiI.;IuIllIllu1emIerIiIw|yplI1fur1n.111eh1idg:edecti1
23.4mIri&ndMheendesignedtocuarto4-Ilnlmd
lIilic.lhnctoIhcunsynuneIricalcoal'1guntim.ohI|IIII.
lI'geq:li!oIcesa1onth-Manhunbulmcnldnudalhe
hncbuycab|es.1'h:abmmcnIhuheendeni;neduopIovidc
Ihetegvimdcounetweightwithnquinitcfactotofufetyby
uensofpamanaatdcadloadolconcmcudhallutll
inddeIheal:ulmc|Isuucume.Undarlive|ondcoodi6ouoo
IheuniIspIn.udditionalq:ll!IoccusoaIhiuhouneu.11is
Idditiouluplillullaeauhacu-eofbyneanuofnysucm
oflockunchonoouplodwilhpoa-Iemioocdcablcaopcn
fouIdIionInbecaadopIed.1heAbuIncaIisdedpodfou
ufeheui:3cqnca'tyof20IIm2.'|1:cmncnIu|dpiu:ue
olM403ndecoocme.11:edcnihofdnI:neumdpienue
dIownl|F5g.4u:dS.

CH: 323/ 60.08

. L5@% 2.65 30
+74
1;

so/70L .- ._7o/so
V ,
I:
' 2; '_ T luau
' m
9'
-.

',
asziso

o 3
a 393.50
U
59; us Lo
! non: - l_ -

lbl (ran Sn-nan ayllndrusnduuunau

168 BSSumrChandIa.RRocIwdsor1AsJrarIdSurInSirIah

*1
PLAN VIEW COLUMN B314 PLAN VIEW

L00

LOO

0.!lI._. .

._ .

.1991.

Hg, 5 Detail: of Pier:/Colnnvu at Bangalore End

 Oonsmarrticnolcablestayodflaodovoraridge... I00

6. DECK GIRDER boasoctionhasheenadoptedfortheviabctportionatthe

'l'hedeckgirderisaconcretcsectionof23.4rnoveraIlwlh
claingforl-laltralc withaccllnl medianand pedestrian
walkway. segeotnotricaldumertsioos have been adopted as
pergnidelinesfrornNllIMOST.lntltestayedpmion.thedeck
ismdercoIwressionfn>rnthcforcesinthcstaycab|os.An
opensection wnhedgchearnsandtiqslngmslnshoonlloped
forthesuyedponioaandacontinuous prbstremcd concrete
Bangalore end. All the diaphragm: are transversely post
tensioned with tendons. Beyond the stayed portion on
Bangalore side. the deck is a continuous span pre~stressed
concrete box girder with longitudinal and transverse
posteasioned with oontinnotn tendons using couplings. The
overall depth of the girder has been tnifonnly maintained at
2.81 nIforaesrheticreasons.1heseetionolIhedeckinthe
cable stayed portion otthe bridge is shown in Pig. 6.

N P
(CABLE STAY PORTION!

.1 .. as.uo>f.
nu

A
%

g
! ."" W H. 2% 5..
9 la 3 ._

J9

mg, 6 Cross-Iectiorr o[PSC Deck (Bax 1)prHNan-able stay poniort)

170 B$&Id 'Chnnd8.
7. EXPANSION JOINT
Suipseulexpuuioojointsueptopoeodtohetnedmeither
eodofthehridge. lS0tntnnnd70Inmm'ipuealexpunioo
unsymmetncalnpanoonftgtntiootespecuvely.
B. BEARING
P0TbeaingsnreptopoeedtobensedfotthishIidge.Mui-
mum|oedforP0"l'hatin;is l6l(X)kN.
9. STAY CABLES
High feti;uetesisuntDlNA(Bnnd NuneofMIsBBRprod-
uct)cah|esareheingtuedfotthishrid;e.1he|engthofthe
cab|esvuiesftotn37mtol|3tnmdthenumhetof7mmdia
I-lTwi:sineachstaycah|evntiesfmtn96to264.11teUl'S
nine of these HT wires are up to I510 Nlmm and the
iuquiredfetigueunplitudets IwNImmwithanuppersu'ess
of0.45uts.11teaecda|esuedesip:edtocanytiltimaIetemile
fomesinthemt;eofS800|:Ntol5950kN.'l1tecah|eswillhe
nunufactuted in the BER factory at Bangnlote under sttict
qualitycontml.
ThepI'hdpa|coIIpole&oltypicalDlNAstaycab|eareas
follows:
0 7tnInl<rl'\\rite|Ii;hfaIiguctt:sistnntqtIalityInutttfaculed
inlndiafxotnitwonedhillets
Storing plate
Poiyglhyhlio duet
eanv
human hoods
Anchor hood
I-1;, 1 an DINA-Slay Cable
0 I'alloystcelanchorbudsauessinglIdfuedlype
0 lffelkvysteellochwtsandsliiunforlockingthefotce
inthesuyafterstrening
o High-density polyethylene (HDPE)pipee-nclosingthe
HTwites.
0 Shrinktleeves fotjoinin; telescopic elunenutoHDPE
pipe-
o Neoptenednmpeuodtnnsitioncooe
0 Epoxy min lling inside the anchor heads for high
{line resistance.
10. PROTECTION MEASURES FOR DINA-
STAY CABLE
1'hme|evelptotecxion'Ls;iventoDlNACab|e.TheftnIpto-
tectionis;ivenhyq:plyh)gvme:solub|eoiIon7mmHT
wiresseccudptotectionisgivenbyuteuuofprovidingl-IDPE
pipeovetthewitehutdle.1'hesuycahlesue;iventhirdpto-
Iectionhy;totttin3theannula'spaoehetv:eentheHDPBpipe
nndthehund|eofI'Ivites.Additiotnlptotectionhymeans
ofsteelpipeovetHDPEPipenentthedeckfotahei;htof2m
ftotndecklevelissuuestedtopteveutanydnmagetothecahle
hythepedesuian:.1hedesi;nnndconsuuctionofthesestay
cableutetnatleinmchnwaysoutofncilitueresueuingmd
force adjustment at any time prior to final grouting. The
deuikofaIypialDlNA-Cebleuenhownl-'tg.7.
11. ANCHORAGES
1hemcht:ngesuelti;hfItiguet'esistntttAspecialepoxytesin
isftlledimothenchotheadtouvoidootttacthetweenthewires
andtheanchongeandtocxcludenirinotdertopteventftet-
ting eomosion. normally responsible for fuigue failures. Due
mcbotsynemisdesipedtodeveloptltefullultimatetensile
sueagtltofthewitehundlemndnfntigiietenistatnceinexceu
of2(DNIuln.
W570 handle
12. STRESSING OF STAY CABLES
Sues:in;ofDlNA-Stnycablcswouldhecaniedout fromthe
decklcveltvithmodernlteavydutyjackingequiptnentcor
sistin3o(hydr|ulichi;hp:essueptnnp.Hydru.ilicceote1ho|e
jack.TrcstleoueactiotIfnnte.PtIl|mds/pullsleeveslooupling
s|eeves.Loedmeasun'ngdevicca.ndCotmtetnut.
Prccisioncheckiogofsuycablefoteecanhemadeby
meansofWlGA tneter.11iisinstrumentcandirectlyindicue
 Consuucrimolcablestayad oadoversndge 171

force or pressure during the Jachng opemnun. This is I micro-

pmcessot-hucd instrument wuh transducers and strain gauges
wiIh digilal LCD display. This way \:DI.lnI checking of til
musing force Wolted out from the pressure gauge nf the [nu er
packs is made possible.

13. MAINTENANCE OF DiNASTAY CABLE

DINA-Slay clbles are m.'nn!cn.'Jm'c free However. periodical
inspection has us he mnducmd. lnnill tn:-pm-liun has wheel!-
tied out it the lime of h;Iml:r1g aver bridge In National High-
way.
'I'hereafter inspection has In be cundm ted every 5 yen:
as suggcned by the Dtwiglicl Thu: checks like visual check of
anchon. HDPE pipe. ~I::rl pipe and manual check of anchors
and HDPE
Elly cables has lobe carried nul .sl the mm of
deciency noticed should be zmcnded inuncdnuu-I5.

14. PRESENT STATUS OF PROJECT

14.1 Pylon
The Foundation OI the pylon h.':' been L-vlI1p|:'Inl 'l'he pylon
legs have been completed upuu R L 90!: alongwith the bottom
'|'"n:-beam. Fig. 3 shows the pylnn wad: ll] magma.

ms Pylon
14.2 Abutment
MIIIIS side !I.m'neI'|I Iuund.Il|-In work I~ completed. Fol Ban-
galore side lhtrtlnent. l'num|;nIuII orig :- yet to sun. Fig. 9
shows lit concruing nl l\1.n1r.t- abutment lnun-.1.mnn
14.3 Plan
Founduions for three pier h.n: been s:n|I|pI;-ted Ind funilct
want is in progress. one [JLf h;I~ been completed npto the bot-
tom ofdeck Fig. 10 shows lhu: p'n:rwm1nIIprogte.-Ls.
172 BSSUcll'rChandIa. Rliichaa'cba:1Asira:1dSu1m'zShgrn
16. CDICLUSION
Thisinthcfcuxlhcablesuyed ddgebeingumsuucwdiz
uaclndinmbeuninuuwuichmchauangemahnmgimm.
This hridgehu urausadyeuenl public inteI'I:st.Cnn.I.tmc-
IiouoIsuchncwbridgeaisbenumin;uod:law:nI..Whuth:
nocietyiuakingforisnultlteopdnuamenghaeexingsulutiun.
butjnstgoodduigzunnduatginauswaahmldu-ytufulll
IhcIedemand:.ItishopedIri1hunaex;verieaceuIdthecon-
dencegaiuedumltnoomu-uctionofthislnidge.muemd
mmecahlesuyedhridgeuvvillheooasuucmadialndinisthe
nc.|rfuu|r:.especi.nllyinIhc|hnnsp:ntIn;e.
'I1IeK:i:hn|njapur:mCahleStlyndBridge'I"haIcuIu-
pletadwonldtunhinsmouthowoluif cundudwill 5.
becnmellnrlmutinlhegldeucityoflngnlac.
REFERENCES
I. IABSEScminu'onCIh|cSlayedBridgnsI1Bnnplore.
2. IABSEConfem1oe. Cable Sugned B:idgeaPut. Preaenl
and Future.
3. MI:lRCON,InIcmatiomll;d.Chen:uiProjactRepuL
4. MSTruiuky.Duc.PIuf:uutaIEn[ineuin3Connordin
University. MontreIlCIble Suyed Bridges. An
Appmnch In Medan Bridge Design.
Drhvlm-CInmgTuI.PEC.IhlSIuyedBtidgeI. Design
ConslnIc6unlIlMIinIuInnce,Se|ninnrIIRlCEN.P:lIe.
 KRISHNARAJAPURAM BRIDGE -
THE FIRST CABLE STAYED BRIDGE ON INDIAN RAILWAYS

by

H. S. Chandramauli*

1. Introduction

Bridges are regarded as the most fascinating creations of a Civil Engineer due
to their monumental impact and majestic appeal. A concept that developed from a
fallen tree trunk acting as a bridge across a stream since pre-historic times, the art
and science of bridge engineering has developed to such an extent that, very large
span bridges ( > 1000m) are being built in various parts of the world. The Tatara
Cable Stayed Bridge (890m span) and the Akashi Kaikyo Suspension Bridge (1190m
span) in Japan, are the longest cable stayed and suspension bridges built
respectively in the world as master pieces of engineering.

Even though, worlds first modern Cable Stayed bridge, the Stromsund Bridge
designed by Prof. Dischinger was completed in Sweden in the year 1955 itself, the
construction of Cable Stayed bridges in India, is still in infancy. The Vidyasagar Setu
in Kolkata, the Akkar Bridge in Sikkim and the bridge across an irrigation canal at
Hardwar were the only three Cable Stayed Bridges built in India when the
construction of bridge at Krishnarajapuram was taken up.

2. Necessity

The old Road Over Bridge near Krishnarajapuram Railway Station on the busy
Bangalore- Chennai National Highway No.4 was narrow with reverse curves on either
side. Over the years, the traffic on the bridge increased many folds and in turn
became a severe traffic bottleneck.

A proposal for construction of a new bridge with a wider carriage way was
under consideration by the Ministry of Surface Transport and Highways in consultation
with the Southern Railway for quite some time. Finally, the task of identifying a
suitable type of bridge through preliminary feasibility study followed by detailed
design and construction was entrusted to IRCON International Ltd., by the Southern
Railway.

After studying various alternatives, the proposal for construction of cable stayed
bridge was accepted as ideal to meet the functional requirements and specific
boundary conditions of the project.

* Dy. General Manager, (Civil) / IRCON, Patna

^maVr` aob {Z_mU H$m` n{H$m Indian Railways Construction Bulletin

IS> 14, H$. 1, OyZ 2004 Vol. 14, No. 1, June 2004 1
 Configuration of the Bridge

3. Salient Features:

Total Length : 230 m

Cable Stayed portion
Viaduct span
Height of Pylon
Width of deck
No. of traffic lanes
Cable configuration
Number of cables
Type of cable
No. of wires in a cable
Cable stressing force
Grade of concrete
Vertical clearance
: 180 m (135m+ 45 m)
: 50 m
: 55 m (above GL)
: 23.40 m
: Four
: Semi harp
: 40
: Parallel wire system
: 96 to 264 (7mm)
: 200 to 500 T
: M 45 ( Pylon & deck)
: 6.5 M (Above R L )

4. Construction of Pylon

Pylon which is the most important and imposing part of a cable stayed bridge
had to be constructed with precision to ensure correct configuration of the bridge. As
the height of pylon is 59 m from the top of footing, it was difficult to construct with the
conventional scaffolding and ensure correct geometry of pylon. The self climbing form
work system( SCFS) also known as Jump form was specially designed and
fabricated in India for the first time for the purpose. The SCFS consists of a shuttering
system with eight hydraulic jacks of 3T capacity, connected to a central hydraulic
power pack unit . The jacks lift the entire shuttering system upwards by taking
reaction from the already cast concrete. The pylon concreting using SCFS was done
in lifts of 3 m height in a single pour. Once the concreting of a particular lift was
completed, the shuttering was lifted to the next position in increments of 300mm per
stroke of jack using the special self climbing mechanism. The inclined legs of 59 m
tall pylon with tapering cross section was successfully completed with the said
system.

^maVr` aob {Z_mU H$m` n{H$m Indian Railways Construction Bulletin

IS> 14, H$. 1, OyZ 2004 Vol. 14, No. 1, June 2004 2
 Construction of Pylon

Construction of pylon head at the top of pylon was demanding. All the fixed end
anchorages of the stay cables are located in this portion and correct fabrication and
erection of this complex structural component was very much essential for safe
transmission of stay cable forces to the pylon. The entire pylon head was fabricated
in factory under stringent quality control and then was lifted and erected in position
with care. The entire head after erection was embedded in pylon concrete and
stressed with high tensile Mac-alloy bars imported from UK to take care of splitting
forces.

Pylon Head

5. Construction of Deck

The cable stayed deck was cast by balanced cantilever construction procedure.

^maVr` aob {Z_mU H$m` n{H$m Indian Railways Construction Bulletin

IS> 14, H$. 1, OyZ 2004 Vol. 14, No. 1, June 2004 3
The 45 m deck on Chennai side was cast on scaffold in segments in a clearly defined
sequence matching with the cantilever segments cast in the 135m span portion
towards Bangalore side over the electrified railway tracks using Cantilever Formwork
Traveller ( CFT). The CFT is a self supporting formwork system which facilitates deck
casting without erection of any support from the ground. The CFT takes reaction from
the already cast concrete.

Sketch showing the details of CFT

After casting of cantilevered deck segment, the CFT was moved on to the next
position using a system of mechanical winches and pulleys. The 105m long
cantilevered deck was cast in segments over the electrified railway tracks without
obstructing the running train traffic even for a single day.

Bridge deck casting using CFT

^maVr` aob {Z_mU H$m` n{H$m Indian Railways Construction Bulletin

IS> 14, H$. 1, OyZ 2004 Vol. 14, No. 1, June 2004 4
 A detailed construction stage analysis was carried out to predict the behaviour of
the structure at each and every stage of deck construction. Throughout the
construction, the deflection of deck and pylon were carefully monitored and compared
with the expected values for conformance. It is interesting to note that as per the
construction stage analysis, the expected front end deck deflection, in one of the
cantilever construction stages was 374mm and the actual values were fairly in
agreement with the expected values.

6. Safety during construction

Throughout the construction, safety was given top priority and all safety
precautions were taken to ensure safe working conditions. A special protective hood
using FRP sheets and insulated J bolts had to be provided to protect the CFT from
induction effects of 25KV traction line running underneath the bridge deck. The entire
CFT was earthed with two independent earth connections for additional safety. The
entire work was completed without any loss of life due to accident.

7. Stay Cables

The stay cable consists of 7mm dia, high fatigue resistant HT wires in parallel
wires in parallel wire assembly, BBR DINA type. The wire bundle is encased in a UV
resistant HDPE tube and the annular space between the wires and the tube is filled
with cement grout for corrosion protection. The cable ends are anchored in sockets
filled with patented special compound under controlled thermal curing, granting a high
fatigue resistance at the anchorages.

Stay cable anchorage with sleeve & lock nut

The button headed (BBRV type) wires together with the threaded sleeve and
lock nut arrangement at the anchorages ensures zero slip and facilitates easy
adjustment of stay cable forces.

^maVr` aob {Z_mU H$m` n{H$m Indian Railways Construction Bulletin

IS> 14, H$. 1, OyZ 2004 Vol. 14, No. 1, June 2004 5
8. Advantages

Construction of 180m long span with the structural depth of just 2.31m
resulted in reduced bank height and length of approaches on either side.
As no foundation or support is located within the railway yard, slewing of
existing tracks, shifting of platforms, relocation of points and other complex yard
remodeling works were eliminated.
Use of the latest Cantilever Form Traveler (CFT) technology and stay cable
support system resulted in uninterrupted train traffic throughout the
construction period.
Improved road geometry facilitated smooth flow of National Highway traffic.
Better riding quality, as no expansion joints are located within the entire bridge
length.
Availability of sufficient free space underneath bridge deck for future
development and expansion of the railway station yard.
Assimilation of latest bridge building technology by Indian Engineers and
development of expertise for construction of cable stayed bridges in India.
Creation of an extremely aesthetic and graceful structure.

9. Conclusion

The bridge at Krishnarajapuram is the first asymmetrical span cable stayed

bridge in India. No doubt, the construction of cable stayed bridge at Krishnarajapuram,
for the first time by Indian Railways was a challenging task for the IRCON/Railway
Engineers and the mission was accomplished successfully.

The beautiful bridge, on completion, was inaugurated by Hble Prime Minster

Shri. Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 13.02.2003 and has soon become a landmark structure
in the garden city of Bangalore.

A view of the completed Bridge.

^maVr` aob {Z_mU H$m` n{H$m Indian Railways Construction Bulletin

IS> 14, H$. 1, OyZ 2004 Vol. 14, No. 1, June 2004 6