CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

CE-515: Design of Steel Structures

B.E (Civil) Fall 2014

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Plate Girders
Large flexural members that are composed of plate elements

They have noncompact or slender webs.

All the hot-rolled shapes have compact webs. Some have

noncompact flanges, but none have slender flanges.

With shapes built up from plates, however, both flanges and webs
can be compact, noncompact or slender.

These built up sections are used when the bending moments are
larger than standard hot-rolled shapes can resist.

Theses girders are generally very deep, resulting in noncompact or

slender webs.

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Plate Girders
The AISC specification covers flexural members
with slender webs in Section F5. This is the
category usually thought of as plate girders.
Flexural members with noncompact webs are
covered in Section F4.
The provision allow to use Section F5 for
members covered by Section F4.
Shear requirements are covered in Chapter G.
Other requirements are given in Section F13,
Proportions of Beams and Girders.

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Plate Girders
A plate girder cross section can take several
forms.

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Welded Plate Girder

General considerations
When a plate girder is used, the designer must account for factors
that in many cases would not be a problem with a hot-rolled steel
shape.

Deep, thin webs account for many of the special problems

associated with plate girders, including local instability.

In some cases, plate girders rely on the strength available after the
web has buckled, so most of the flexural strength will come from
the flanges.

The limit states considered are yielding of the tension flange and
buckling of the compression flange.

Compression flange buckling can take the form of vertical buckling

into the web or flange local buckling (FLB), or it can be caused by
lateral-torsional buckling (LTB).

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Welded Plate Girder

General considerations
At a location of high shear in a girder web, usually near the
support and at or near the neutral axis, the principal planes
will be inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the
member, and the principal stresses will be diagonal tension
and compression.

The diagonal compression can cause the web to buckle.

Three ways to tackle it:

1. Small depth-thickness ratio of the web.

2. Web stiffeners

3. Web stiffeners to form panels that resist the diagonal

compression through Tension Field Action.

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Tension Field Action

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Tension Field Action

At the point of impending buckling, the web loses its ability to
support the diagonal compression, and this stress is shifted to the
transverse stiffeners and the flanges.

The stiffeners resist the vertical component of the diagonal

compression, and the flanges resist the horizontal component.

The web will need to resist only the diagonal tension, hence the
term tension-field action.

This behaviour can be like a Pratt Truss.

The total strength will be the strength prior to buckling plus the
post-buckling strength derived to TFA.

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Stiffeners
Intermediate stiffeners
Divide the web into panels
to increase the shear
strength using TFA.

Bearing stiffeners
Provided at points of
concentrated loads to
protect the web from direct
compressive load. They can
also simultaneously serve as
intermediate stiffeners.

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

AISC Requirements

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

AISC Requirements

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Flexural Strength

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

Flexural Strength

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Flexural Strength

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Flexural Strength

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Flexural Strength

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Flexural Strength

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Shear Strength

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Shear Strength

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Shear Strength

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

Shear Strength

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Conditions on use of TFA

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures

Summary

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures
Example 1:

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 CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures
Example 1:

CE -401:
-515: Design of Steel Structures
LRFD
Solution:

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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-515: Design of Steel Structures

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