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Agenda
2
History
History of OFDM
z Kineplex receiver
(1958): 20 orthogonal Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.3 Ch.4 Ch.5 Ch.6 Ch.7 Ch.8 Ch.9 Ch.10
4
The need for OFDM
Longer
S(f)
z
s(t)
TS
symbol 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
duration on t f
each parallel
B=1/T
s1(t)
S(f) S
carrier t
S1(f)
S2(f)
S3(f)
3TS
z The multiple s2(t)
t f
carriers must s3(t)
B=3/4TS
be t
orthogonal
Principle of the parallel transmission on multiple carriers
8
Comments on the previous slide
Frequency
9 Frequency
Orthogonal carriers
z The OFDM carriers are orthogonal, their
frequencies being f0, 2f0, 3f0 etc.
( k +1)T
2 1, if m = n
T sin(mf0t ) sin(nf0t ) dt =
0, if m n
(1)
kT
10
OFDM: the carriers and their spectra
1/T
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Amplitudine
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
timp
T
OFDMs carriers spectra.
11 OFDMs orthogonal carriers.
12
Modulaia multipurttoare cu purttoare sinusoidale
1 N 1
ss (kTS ) =
N n =0
An e j n e jnkTS , k = 0,..., N 1 (3)
1 N 1 n jn 2k / N
g (kTS ) = G e (4)
N n =0 NTS
13
x [n ] =
N 1
X [k ] e
jk
2
N ,
n
(1.5)
k =0 2
j ( N 1) n x[N-1]
n = 0,..., N 1 e N
15
b)
i-1 i i+1
Interference Interference
19
The transmitter
X0,k x0,k
serial-to- X1,k IDFT x1,k parallel-
dn parallel to-serial xn
(IFFT)
N data
symbols: XN,k xN,k
Base-band
(in frequency- signal
domain) (time-domain)
Xi,k z k is the index of the OFDM
Im symbol
z The base-band signal is
Re converted to an analog signal,
and modulates a high-frequency
carrier before being transmitted
z N is a power of 2 (256, 512 etc)
20
OFDM Block Diagram
I/Q I/Q
Channel Symbol OFDM Guard
Transmitter coding / mapping modulation interval
interleaving (modulation) (IFFT)
-10
1 OFDM symbol
-20
Receiver -30
-40
FFT-part
-50
Decoding / symbol de- -60 -40OFDM -20 0 Guard
20 40 60
deinter- mapping demod. f [M Hz ] interval
tim e dom ain signal (baseband)
leaving (detection)0.2 (FFT) removal
Channel 0.1 I/Q I/Q
impulse est.
Channel response: Time sync. time
0
-0.1
Introductionim aginary
real
-0 2
22
OFDM in real world
23
Acknowledgement
24