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Multiple Choice
5. Which basis of accounting is used for the basic governmental functions of state and
local governments?
a. Cash basis of accounting
b. Modified accrual basis of accounting
c. Accrual basis of accounting
d. Regulatory basis of accounting
Answer: b
6. For which types of organizations is the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) responsible for establishing accounting and financial reporting standards?
a. Business-type organizations and not-for-profit organizations, including
not-for-profit colleges, universities and health care providers
b. Business-type organizations; not-for-profit organizations; and all colleges,
universities and health care providers, whether organized as not-for-profit
or governmental entities
c. Business-type organizations only
d. All entities, except for those under the jurisdiction of the American
Institute of CPAs
Answer: a
10. Which entity establishes financial accounting standards and principles for the
federal government?
a. FASB
b. GASB
c. FASAB
d. None of the above.
Answer: c
11. Which of the following is the most authoritative source of accounting standards for
cities and counties?
a. Current practices widely used by not-for-profit entities
b. GASB Statements and Interpretations
c. AICPA Industry Audit Guides
d. Implementation guides published by GASB staff
Answer: b
12. Concepts statements issued by the GASB and the FASAB emphasize which of the
following objectives of governmental financial reporting?
a. It should help the chief executive assess the entity's financial condition.
b. It should help department heads assess their department's results of
operations.
c. It should help the judiciary determine whether the government has
complied with the law.
d. It should help report users assess accountability.
Answer: d
14. To what extent do organizations that use fund accounting also report on the entity
as a whole?
a. Organizations that use fund accounting are not required to report on the
entity as a whole
b. Organizations that choose to report on the entity as a whole are not
permitted to use fund accounting for internal purposes
c. Organizations that use fund accounting are required to report on the entity
as a whole
d. Organizations that use fund accounting have the option of reporting either
on funds or on the organization as a whole
Answer: c
Answer:
a. True
b. True
c. False. AICPA standards always have a higher level of authority than other
accounting literature, such as the Journal of Accountancy. If made
applicable by the FASB or the GASB, AICPA standards have Level I
authority. Other accounting literature is at the lowest level of authority.
d. True
e. False. Some types of funds may have only financial resources and not
capital resources.
f. True
Answer:
Fund accounting is the practice under which an organization segregates its assets,
liabilities, and net position into separate accounting entities, called "funds," based
on legal restrictions, donor-imposed restrictions, or other regulations. Each fund
has a set of self-balancing accounts that records the unique assets of that fund and
the claims against those assets. Separate financial statements may be prepared for
each fund. The purpose of fund accounting is to help ensure that resources are
expended only for their authorized purposes and in compliance with applicable
restrictions.
Answer:
A large private bus company in Empire City went bankrupt. At Empire City's request, the
state legislature established a legally separate public benefit corporation named Metro City
Bus. In the law establishing Metro City Bus, Empire City was authorized to appoint
Metro's entire governing body, and Metro was authorized to issue tax-exempt debt to
assume the assets of the private bus company.
When Metro City Bus went to prepare its financial statements, two questions were raised.
Was Metro City Bus a government? And if it were a government, how should it prepare its
cash flow statement? Research showed that, when the bus company was a private
organization, it followed FASB Statement No. 95, which required cash flow statements to
be prepared using a particular format. However, GASB Statement No. 9 did not approve
the use of FASB Statement No. 95, and instead required governmental enterprises to
prepare cash flow statements using a different format. An article published in the Journal
of Accountancy suggested that all business-type activities, private or governmental, ought
to adopt FASB Statement No. 95.
Required:
a. Discuss whether Metro City Bus is or is not a governmental entity. What are the
specific factors in this situation that cause Metro to be one or the other?
b. Discuss whether Metro City Bus should prepare its cash flow statements using the
FASB format or the GASB format. What are the factors that affect your conclusion?
Answer:
a. Metro City Bus is a governmental entity because it was established by law as a public
benefit corporation. Also, its governing board is appointed by government officials and it
has the power to issue tax exempt debt.
b. Metro City Bus must prepare its cash flow statements using the format prescribed by the
GASB. GASB Statements and Interpretations rank highest in the hierarchy of generally
accepted accounting principles for state and local governments. Because the GASB
issued a specific Statement for preparing cash flow statements (GASB Statement No. 9),
that Statement must be followed rather than the FASB statement on cash flows. The
Journal of Accountancy article has no standing in this situation.