ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE

RENEWABLE ENERGY
IN GERMANY
GROUP 03 PRESENTATION
1. NG TH KIM NGN BABAIU15103
2. LM HONG THY TH BABAIU15052
3. LU V PHNG ANH BABAIU15088
4. NGUYN NGC QUNH BABAIU14383
5. V XUN HONG BAFNIU15182
6. L TH THIN THANH BABAIU15076
 OUTLINE
ABOUT GERMANY RELATION TO VIETNAM
REALITY

1 INTRODUCTION
ABOUT GERMANY

ADVANCES OF
5 AND PROBLEM OF RE
IN VIETNAM

2 6
RENEWABLE ENERGY SUGGESTION
IN GERMANY AND SOLUTION

IMPACTS OF RENEWABLES

3 o ENVIRONMENT
o ECONOMY

4 GOVERNMENT POLICY
01
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT RENEWABLE ENERGY

o Be one of the most innovative and successful worldwide and take the lead in the
Europe.
o Increase from 6.3% in 2000 to about 34% in 2016 in net-generation from renewable
energy sources (electricity sector).
o Grew from 0.8 million residential customers
in 2006 to 4.9 million in 2012 in renewable
power market.
o In 2016, reached the 30% mark of renewable
energy based electricity generation.
o Lead the world in solar PV capacity (2016).
o Have the third-highest installed wind
energy capacity in the world (2016).
02
ADVANCES OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
IN GERMANY
Geographic
distribution
of wind farms in
Germany
GERMANY - WINDPOWER
3rd largest producer
wind power
44,470 MW of capacity

13.3% electrical power

26,772 wind turbines

 INVESTMENT IN WIND POWER

Onshore wind farm Offshore wind farm

(4,625 MW) (4,145 MW)
OFFSHORE WIND FARM
Construction work at alpha
ventus wind park (July 2009)
o Offshore wind energy also has great
potential in Germany (70-100%
higher wind speed than Onshore)
o 2009, July, 12 wind turbines for
the Alpha ventus offshore wind
farm in the North Sea
o 2014, all 410 turbines were added to
Germany's offshore wind parks
o 2016, there are total 729 wind
turbines
DEVELOPMENT OF
WIND TURBINES

o 2015 the newly installed wind

turbine on land averaged 2,72,
offshore averaged 4.145 kW

o The average rotor diameter of a

turbine is with 105 m (81% higher
than in the year 2000 [58 m])
o The hub height also increased by
73% [71 m] to 123 meters
o Creating thousands of work
(355.400 jobs total)
CAPACITY OF WIND POWER

o 2015, Generating 86 billion kWh of

wind power
o 13.3% of German electricity generation

Generation (GWh)
Installed Capacity (MW)
SOLAR ENERGY

2nd photovoltaics (PV) installer

40,782 (MW)

6.2 - 6.9% of the country's

net electricity generation
 About 1.5 million photovoltaic
systems are installed all over the
country

Rooftop solar on Presidential PV Large commercial Solar park of

half-timbered house system PV system Krughutte
PHOTOVOLTAIC
INVESTMENT
o Germany is the most
developed PV market
installed capacity of 38.2
GW
o Best investment in 2010
with 18.4 billion euro
o 2014, 2.3 billion euro,
declined 87% compare
2010
o Since 2010, the growth of
PV decline rapidly.
CAPACITY OF
SOLAR ENERGY

o 2015, 36.8 billion KWh,

photovoltaic actually generated
5.4% more solar energy
o Germany had 487 Watt of solar
power capacity per person
03
IMPACTS OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
WIND POWER

Advantages
o Little pollution
(15 and 11 gCO2eq/kWh)
o Small land use
(200400 m)
o Attract tourism
o Warm at night, Cool at day
o Reduce electricity price
o Create jobs
(150,000 new jobs in Germany)
o Decline installed cost
(2010:2,330 USD/kW
-2014: 1,999 USD/kW)
Disadvantages
o Rare-earth use
(Neodymium)
o Bird and bat mortality
(Wildlife)
o Damage tourism
o Fire, ice, death
(industry workers, parachutist)
SOLER ENERGY
Advantages
o Create jobs
(2014: 50,000 jobs)
o Create independent energy
(Individual homes)
o Decline electricity prices
(Wholesale)
o Decline installed cost
(2006 2013: decline 16%)
Disadvantages
o Reduce creation jobs
(2014: Decrease 4%)
o Environmental pollution
(Hazardous materials as
electronics)
o Raise electricity prices
(Retail)
o Interrupt the supply
o Large land use
o Use rare materials
04
GOVERNMENT
POLICY
RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW
ELECTRICITY SECTOR (EEG)

Apply to the production of combined power and heating/cooling

o Grid connection and transmission for renewable energy
o Fixed FITs, guaranteed for 20 years
o Difference according to technology, size and (only apply to
wind) project point
o Annual adjustment and regular adjustment
o Investment support
o Cheap loans for large scale projects
Regulation on RE (from 2009) for new buildings:
o Obligations of new buildings using a minimum RE (> 15% of
the sun or > 50% of the biomass, can combine both)
o Contribute to a common goal of at least 14% (including court
warehouses home)

MARKET INCENTIVE PROGRAM

HEATING/COOLING SECTOR (MAP)
BIOFUELS QUOTA ACT
TRANSPORT SECTOR

Tax exemptions for biofuels (since 1992) and all biofuels

(2004)
o Since 08/2006: increased taxes on biofuels
Key tools from 2007: obligation to contribute to quotas
include E10
05
REALITY
AND PROBLEM
IN VIETNAM
 REALITY

oVietnam territory is located in the tropical climate

zone with over 3,200 km long coastline
oVietnam has great potential for hydroelectric
power
oUntil 2013, the total number of projects have been
put into operation is 268 projects
WIND POWER
The two most potential areas for wind
energy development is Son Hai (Ninh
Thuan) and sand hills at the height of 60
100 meters from the west of Ham Tien
to Mui Ne (Binh Thuan).
SOLAR ENERGY
o Vietnam is one of the countries having the most sunlight in the
world radiation map.
o There is significant potential but the exploitation of this energy
remain not remarkable.
o Solar energy connected to grid project is located in An Hoi
photovoltaic power plant (Con Dao, Ba Ria Vung tau) with
capacity of 36 kWp and electrical quatity of 50 MWh.
o The first solar energy connected to grid project in Quang Ngai is
on the basis of accomplishment.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER
Hydropower has boomed in Vietnam
over the past decade and now generates
more than a third of the countrys
electricity

Ha Bnh hydropower plant

 PROBLEM
Lack of appropriate policies and investments
to encourage and support businesses to develop
energy market especially renewable energy.

v Solar energy
Location, availability of sunlight and compensation funds for
ground clearance task are also huge obstacles in order to use
1MW, they will need 1.5 to 2 hectares of land.
v Wind power
o Be dependent on weather condition and wind regime.
o Cause noise pollution wind power stations
o Limit the industry to scale up to its full potential due to a
number of regulatory and market barriers
 PROBLEM
Lack of appropriate policies and investments
to encourage and support businesses to develop
energy market especially renewable energy.
v Hydropower
o The size of the reservoir created by a hydroelectric project can
vary widely
o Flooding land for a hydroelectric reservoir has an extreme
environmental impact.
o Destroy ecosytem and primeval forest to build hydroelectric
dams.
06
SUGGESTION
AND SOLUTION
 THE OLD-FASHIONED THINKING ABOUT
RENEWABLE ENERGY NEEDS TO BE CHANGED
o Renewable energy (RE) prices have been able to
compete fairly with fossil fuels
o Wind and solar tariffs will fall by 10% and 25%
respectively over the 2015 price.
o The price of solar modules by 2025 will be reduced to
$400-450 per kW.
" RE is no longer an expensive source of energy
 DEVELOP AND ENFORCE THE NATIONAL
RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY AND STRATEGY

o Quota mechanism (norm quotas)

Production units (or consumers) must ensure that a
portion of the electricity produced.
Advantage: creating a competitive market among
renewable energy technologies, thereby reducing the
cost of renewable energy production.
 DEVELOP AND ENFORCE THE NATIONAL
RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY AND STRATEGY
o Fixed price mechanism
Government sets the price for each kWh produced
from renewable energy .
This price is higher than the price of electricity
generated from fossil-fuel forms " encouraging and
ensuring economic benefits.
With fixed prices varying for renewable energy forms,
Government can encourage investment in renewable
technologies.
 DEVELOP AND ENFORCE THE NATIONAL
RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY AND STRATEGY

o Procurement mechanism
Government will set up competitive bidding criteria.
Advantage: competition reduces the minimum cost of
compensation.
Government can completely control the number of
projects selected, which means that the cost of loss
compensation is controlled.
 DEVELOP AND ENFORCE THE NATIONAL
RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY AND STRATEGY
o Certification mechanism
It can be a production certificate or investment
certificate, operating on the principle of allowing units
to invest in RE to be exempted from production tax per
kWh, or deducted from other investment projects.
Advantage: ensuring high stability, especially when the
mechanism is used in combination with other
mechanisms to increase efficiency.
DEVELOP MEDIUM AND LONG-TERM PLANNING
OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT WITH
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS FOR EACH
STAGE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
o The Prime Minister has approved the adjustment of
the national electricity development planning for 2011-
2020 with a vision to 2030:
Hydropower resources
Wind power capacity
Solar power
ESTABLISHING SOME SPECIALIZED RENEWABLE
ENERGY TRAINING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
INSTITUTIONS

The establishment of a sustainable energy development

fund to finance the activities of encouraging the
development of renewable energy nationwide.
This fund can be used to support the community to
develop a model for renewable energy use, to pilot and
replicate green house models, buildings & urban.
 PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO
EXCHANGE EXPERIENCE, TRANSFER
TECHNOLOGY AND MAKE USE OF FUNDING
SOURCES
o Encourage businesses to participate in this market.
o The State should have a mechanism to support capital for
enterprises manufacturing, assembling and repairing
equipment.
o Preferential tariffs on import of equipment, new technology,
production and circulation of equipment.
o Copyright protection for inventions, technical improvements.
o Publicize the list of investment projects,
encourage domestic and foreign economic sectors to invest.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!
Q&A