1.

Soybean

Family: Legumes
Genera: Glycine
Scientific name: Glycine max
Botanical description:
The soybean is a crop of global importance and is one of most frequently cultivated
crops worldwide. It is rich in oil and protein, used for human and animal consumption as well as
for industrial purposes. Soybean plants also play an important role in crop diversification and
benefit the growth of other crops, adding nitrogen to the soil during crop rotation. With
contributions from eminent researchers from around the world, The Soybean provides a concise
coverage of all aspects of this important crop, including genetics and physiology, varietal
improvement, production and protection technology, utilization and nutritional value.
Soybeans can be broadly classified as "vegetable" (garden) or field (oil) types.
Vegetable types cook more easily, have a mild nutty flavor, better texture, are larger in size,
higher in protein, and lower in oil than field types. Tofu and soymilk producers prefer the higher
protein cultivars bred from vegetable soybeans. The "garden" cultivars are generally not suitable
for mechanical combine harvesting because they have a tendency for the pods to shatter on
reaching maturity.
Among the legumes, the soybean, also classed as an oilseed, is pre-eminent for its high
(3845%) protein content as well as its high (20%) oil content. Soybeans are the leading
agricultural export in the United States. The bulk of the soybean crop is grown for oil production,
with the high-protein defatted and "toasted" soy meal used as livestock feed. A smaller
percentage of soybeans are used directly for human consumption.

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2. Sugarcane

Family: Poaceae / Grasses

Genera: Saccharum
Scientific name: Saccharum officinarum
Botanical description: Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial grass that forms lateral shoots at the
base to produce multiple stems, typically three to four m (10 to 13 ft) high and about 5 cm (2 in)
in diameter. The stems grow into cane stalk, which when mature constitutes around 75% of the
entire plant. A mature stalk is typically composed of 1116% fiber, 1216% soluble sugars, 2
3% nonsugars, and 6373% water. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to the climate, soil type,
irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. The average
yield of cane stalk is 6070 tonnes per hectare (2428 long ton/acre; 2731 short ton/acre) per
year. However, this figure can vary between 30 and 180 tonnes per hectare depending on
knowledge and crop management approach used in sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane is a cash
crop, but it is also used as livestock fodder.

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