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FINAL EXAMINATION
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1. This question paper consists of FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL questions.
2. All answers to a new question should start on new page.
3. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
4. Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by
the invigilator into the examination room.
EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:
1. APPENDICES
This examination paper consists of FOURTEEN (14) printed pages including front page.
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKCIBKG/12131/BKF2432
QUESTION 1
b) Determine the rate at which the crystal dissolve by calculating the flux of Na2SO4
from the crystal to the bulk solution, NA (kg of crystal/m2.h)
(20 Marks)
2
CONFIDENTIAL BKBIBKCJBKG/121311BKF2432
QUESTION 2
Solute A is being absorbed from a gas mixture of A and B in a wetted wall tower with a
liquid flowing as film as illustrated in Figure 1. The film mass transfer coefficient of A
in the gas phase k is 1.465 x 10-3 kgmol Al s.m2 .mol fraction and for the liquid phase k
is 1.967 x 10 -3 kgmol Al s.m2 .mol fraction. Henry's Law states that composition y of a
gas as a function of partial pressure p is expressed as y = p/P. P is the total pressure of the
system which is at 2 atm. The partial pressure of solute A, pAl in the bulk gas is 0.3 atm.
Assume gas solute B is not diffusing into the bulk liquid.
Interface, i
Bulk liquid -
- -Bulk gas of A & B
- -------
'NA
- interface
b) If the flux, NA is 1x10 kg mol Alsm2 and YAi is 0.12, what is the new partial
pressure, p of the bulk gas? State your explanation why does the mass transfer
increases when the partial pressure increases.
(10 Marks)
C) Calculate the mass transfer coefficient, kG (kg molAIsm 2.atm) from the question
(a) case.
(7 Marks)
3
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKCIBKG/121311BKF2432
QUESTION 3
Liquid benzene, C6116, a common industrial solvent with a density of 0.88 kg/M 3 , leaked
from the storage tank and seeped in to the ground as shown in Figure 2. As the density of
benzene less than density of water, the liquid benzene formed a light nonaqueous-phase
liquid layer on top the water-saturated soil. At a depth of 2 m below the water-saturated
soil layer is a nonporous, impermeable rock layer. Liquid benzene is sparingly soluble on
water, and its solubility limit is 24 mourn 3 at 293 K. The effective diffusion coefficient of
benzene in the water-saturated soil is lx 10 m 2 /s at 293 K. Assume that the pure liquid
layer resting on top of the soil is essentially constant source due to lo solubility of
benzene in water and benzene does not diffuse into the nonporous rock layer.
I ( / ( / (
Liquid benrtc
Dissoed benzene \.
2 m
diffusion
Li '
rWater
saturated
Nonporous iod. ei
b) Calculate the time required for the benzene concentration to reach 1 mourn 3 at the
boundary of water-saturated soil and nonporous rock layer.
(8 Marks)
4
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKC/BKG/121311BKF2432
QUESTION 4
A very thin polymeric coating of thickness 0.1 mm uniformly coats a rectangular surface.
The rectangular surface has a length of 20 cm in the direction of flow. The coating
contains a solvent that must be evaporated away from the coating in order to cure the
coating. Initially, there is 0.001 mole of solvent per m 3 of coating loaded in the coating. A
heated plate just beneath the surface maintains the coating at a uniform temperature of
45C. Air gently flows parallel to the surface at a velocity of 0.1 m/s and the surrounding
air at 1.0 atm. You may neglect any molecular diffusion of the solvent through the very
thin polymeric film and focus only on the convection aspects of the problem. The
diffusion coefficient of coating solvent in air at 45C is 0.1 m2/s.
a) Determine the Reynolds, Schmidt, and Sherwood numbers associated with this
process.
(9 Marks)
b) Find film mass-transfer coefficient, lc (mole fraction based driving force) and
mass transfer factor, JD associated with this process then calculate the mass flux
of the process.
(9 Marks)
C) If they try to coat a pipe has an inside diameter of 20 cm and 1 m length and the
velocity 0.3 m/s. Calculate the mass transfer coefficient of pipe, k.
(7 Marks)
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKC/BKG/12131JBKF2432
APPENDICES
Formulas
J AZ DdCA
ABd
CA y =(j)AV 2
M2)/
- XBI
X BM =
ln( x B2 /XBI)
9.96 x
1 0-16 T
DAB -
1/3
I
J VA
T
DAB =1.173x1016 (OMB )"2 0.6
/.IBVA
P[(EvA)" +
(vB)h/3]2
=
NRe
- Lvp
,L1
7tT
.LV SC -
PD AB
CONFIDENTIAL BKBIBKCIBKG/12 131/BKF2432
k' L
Sh -
AB
Sc )1/3f )0.14
Hb (NRc <2100)
Nsh =1.86(NReN D
f \O.83 7 '0.33
( lu
Nsh=0.023I' (NRe> 2100)
PJ pDAB J
7
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKCIBKG/121311BKF2432
A.1-3 Length
1 in. = 2.540 cm
100 cm = 1. m (meter) 10- 1
1 micron = 10 6 m = cm 10 mm = 1 pm (micrometer)
1 A (angstrom) 10 m = iO .tm
1 mile = 5280-ft
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in.
A.1-4 Mass
1 lb- 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg
1 ibm = 16 oz = 7000 grains
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lb_
1 ton (short) = 2000 ibm
I ton (long) 2240 lb_
1 ton (metric) 1000 kg
A.1-5 Standard Acceleration of Gravity
g = 9.80665 rn/s2
g = 980.665 cm Is2
g = 32.174 ft/s2
g (gravitational conversion factor) = 32.1740 Ib m ft/lb S2
= 980.665 g cm/ge . S2
A.1-6 Volume
1 L (liter) 1000 cm3 1 m3 = 1000 L (liter)
1 in.3 = 16.387 cm 1 U.S. gal = 4 qt
1 ft3 = 28.317 L (liter) 1 U.S. gal = 3.7854 L (liter)
1 ft3 = 0.028317 m3 I U.S. gal = 3785.4 cm3
1 ft3 = 7.481 U.S. gal 1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S. gal
1 m3 = 264.17 U.S. gal 1 m3 = 35.313 ft3
A.1-7 Force
1 g.-CM/S2 (dyn) = 10 kg . rn/s2 = iO N (newton)
I g cm/s2 = 7.2330 X 10 ibm ft /s2 (poundal)
1 kg m/s' = 1 N (newton)
1 lb1 = 4.4482,N
1 gcm/s2 = 2.2481 x 1061bf
A.1-8 Pressure
1 bar = I X 102 Pa (pasa1) = 1 X 10' N/rn2
1 psia = 1 1b1/in.2
1 psia = 2.0360 in. Hg at 0C
1 psia 2.311-ft H20 at 70F
1 psia = 51.715 mm Hg at 0C (PHS = 13.5955 g/cni')
1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325 X 102 N/rn2 = 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 760 nun Hg at 0C = 1.01325 x 102 Pa = 1.01325 X 102 kPa
8
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKC/BKG/121311BKF2432
1.9872 gcal/gmol - K
1.9872 btu/lb mot
82.057 CM atmfg mot K
8314.34 J/kg mot K
82.057 X 10 m3 atm/kg mot K
8314.34 kg m21s2 - kg mot K
10.731 ft'- lb/in.2. lb mot R
0.7302 ft3- atm/lb mot
1545.3 ft. lb/lb mot .
8314.34 m3 Pa/kg mot -K
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKC/BKG/12131JBKF2432
TABLE 6.3-2. Atomic and Molar Volumes at the Normal Boiling Point
Atomic Volume Atomic Volume
Material (ni3/kg mol) 703 Material (in/kg mol) 10
10
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKCII3KG/12131/J3KF2432
Ii. x ZO (93j)242)
T T p. c,, (Pa . or /c j3X 101 X10
(Cj (Ic) (kJrn1) (U/kg K) kg/rn .) (W/,n K) Iv, (i/K) (i/K in)
0 2712 999.6 4i29 1.786 05694 13.3 -0.630
15.6 288.8 998.0 4.1,87 1.131 0.5884 8.07 1.44 10.93
26.7 299.9 996.4 4.183 0.860 i 0.6109 59 2.34 30.70
37.8 311.0 994.7 4.183 0.682 0.6283 4.51 3.24 68.0
65.6 338.8 981.9 4.187 0.432 0.6629 2.72 5,04 256.2
931 3665 9627 4.229 03066 06802 191 666 642
121.1 394.3 943.5 4.271 0.2381 0.6836 1.49 8.46 1,300
148.9 422.1 917.9 4.312 0.1935 0.6836 1.22 10.08 2231
204.4 477.6 858.6 4.522 0.1384 0.6611 0.950 14.04 5308
260.0 533.2 784.9 4.982 0.1042 0.6040 0.859 19.8 110-30
315.6 588.8 679.2 6.322 1
0.0862 0.5071. 1.07 31.5 19260
k VC-
ft
DAB ;ABt
X1 X1 X1
x Is the distance from the center of the slab, cylinder, or *pherc; for a semi
infinite slab, x is the distance from the surface. C.. is the original uniform
concentration in she solid,, c 1 the concentration in the fluid outside the slab,
and c the concentration in the solid at positions and time 1.
11
CONFIDENTIAL BKB/BKC/BKG/12131/BKF2432
1.0
__% ----
IN IV
1
INMENIfnqfi
'
0.10
'a
MERIN M '1102,1111
IitWIi&.
0.010
iI
I11IU
00010
hO 2.0 3.0 4.0 510 6.0
Olt
xi
Figure 5.3-5 Unsteady state heat conduction in a large flat plate. [From
H.P. Gurney and J. Lurie, Ind. Eng. Chem., 15,1170 (1923)]
12
0
LU
08
0.4
0.08
0.02
J) 0.01
0.00s
0004
0.002
0100 1 P0
V
x1
z
LA The Periodic Table of the Elements VMA,
-4