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9-37. Find the center of mass of a pentagon with five equal sides of length a, but with one triangle missing
(Figure below). (Position of the missing triangles top vertex is equal to the center of complete
pentagon.)
9-44. A firecracker, initially at rest, explodes into two fragments. The first, of mass 14 g, moves in the +x-
direction at 43 m/s. The second moves at 30m/s. Find the second fragments mass and the direction of
its motion.
9-57. Mass m, moving at speed 2v, approaches mass 4m, moving at speed v. The two collide elastically
head-on. Find expressions for their subsequent speeds. (Each moving in same direction.)
9-72. An object collides elastically with an equal-mass object initially at rest. If the collision isnt head-on,
show that the final velocity vectors are perpendicular.
9-81. A 14 kg projectile is launched at 380 m/s at a 55 angle to the horizontal. At the peak of its trajectory
it collides with a second projectile moving horizontally, in the opposite direction, at 140 m/s. The two
stick together and land 9.4 km horizontally downrange from the first projectiles launch point. Find the
mass of the second projectile.
Solutions
9-37.
Considering pentagon consist of 5 equal triangles, center of mass for incomplete pentagon is
1 + 2 + 3 + 4
=
4
since each triangle has equal mass. From knowledge that center of mass of uniform triangle is center of
triangle. So center of mass is just average of 4 point (center of each triangle). If one set origin as center of
2
pentagon, amplitude of each center of triangle is tan54 = tan54 and direction is pointing -18, 54,
3 2 3
180+18 and 180-54. By symmetry, one only need to calculate y-direction.
1
= ( tan54) (2sin18 + 2sin54) = tan54 = 0.11469849337
4 3 12
It is easier to solve it exploiting the fact that center of mass of pentagon is at origin.
(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 ) 5 5 1
= = 0 = tan54
4 4 4 3
Which gives same answer.
9-44.
In the sense of momentum conservation, momentum before explosion and after must agree. Since a
firecracker was stationary and no external force was done, net momentum of system is zero. Now, one
fragment has momentum 1443gm/s. On the other hand, the other fragment moves at 30m/s with
unknown mass, m. amplitude of its momentum vector is then m30gm/s. Since two momentum must
cancel out to satisfy momentum conservation, direction must be minus x-direction and mass is calculated
as below.
14 43g m/s
= = 20.06g
30m/s
9-57.
One can set momentum of each masses as p and p-6mv to satisfy momentum conservation. Then energy
after collision is
2 ( 6)2 52 12 + 362 2
+ = = 4 2
2 2 4 8
2
Solving this quadratic equation for p, solution is either 2 or . The former is just momentum
5
before collision, leaving latter as solution one looking for. It is easy to calculate their speed from
momentum.
2 7
1 = 2 =
5 5
9-72.
This expression already satisfies momentum conservation and that of energy now should be considered.
Energy before and after is (masses and 1/2 are dropped out)
2 = ( 2 + 2 ) + {( )2 + 2 }
0 = + 2 + 2
= =
ratios of x and y component of each object after collision are reciprocal and have different signs. This
confirms two vectors are perpendicular.
9-81.
From shooting angle and initial speed, one can calculate vertical speed of projectile and related time
interval t from shooting and the time when projectile reached peak.
( 0) 380/ sin55
= = = 31.763038452
9.8/ 2
At this time, by inelastic collision, horizontal speed is changed. Considering momentum conservation,
Since no change in vertical velocity vector, falling time is equal to t. can be calculated using t.