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Joints in sewers

Joints are used to john various lengths of pipes to develop a sewer line. The type of joint to
be adopted depends on the pipe material, internal pressure and external loads, and many other
factors. The following are the requirements of a good sewer joint.

(i) It should be water tight.

(ii) It should be easy to construct.

(iii) It should be economical.

(iv) Tree roots should not be able to penetrate the joint.

(v) It should resist to acidic, alkaline or gaseous action of sewage.

(vi) It should be flexible so that due to slight settlements in sewer line, it must not get
damaged.

The following are the types of joints:

(1) Bandage joint

This joint is mostly adopted in concrete sewers. At the end of the pipe, a hallow is scooped
out from the trench and the scooped trench is filled with cement mortar to the invert of the
trench. The faces of the rises at the ends are coated with mortar and are butted against each
other. Now the netting is tightly wrapped around the pipes. Additional mortar is applied
around the netting, to make it firmly light.

(2) Socket and spigot joints

This joint is made mainly to join cast-iron pipes and concrete pipes below the diameter of
60cm. In this type of joint, cement mortar of proportion 1:1 or 1:2 is inserted between the
space of bell end and spigot end. In order to maintain the alignment of sewers, gaskets of
packing pieces may be placed. The mortar is filled in the annular space formed between bell
and spigot ends and the joint is finished by applying cement mortar at an angle of about 45
degree on the outer face as shown in fig.

(3) Collar joints

In this type of joint, the ends of sewer are plain. The ends of sewer are placed near each other
and then a collar of slightly bigger diameter is placed over the ends of sewer. The annular
space between the collar and ends of sewer is filled with cement mortar. These are used for
large sewers.

(4) Mechanical joints

In this type of joint, mechanical devices such as flanged rings, bolts etc. are used to join the
ends of sewers together. Such type of joint is generally used for metallic sewers such as
castiron, steel etc.

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