How does Rain Happen?

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world,
providingsuitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectricpower plants and
crop irrigation.The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves
the sun heating the Earth's surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises
into the Earth's atmosphere. The water inthe atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The
droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the formof rain or
snow.However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling throughdry air. This is
called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.---------------------------------------
How Cell Phones WorkA cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell
phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we cancommunicate to other people
in real time. Million people use cell phone for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell
phones to communicate in voice,written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who make great
change inthe way people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. Whilewireless
radio was formally known in 18994 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By these two technologies, then a
cell phone was born. However do you know how actually cell phones work?This short explanation on
how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or in long term "cellular telephone' works by
transmitting signals of radio totowers of cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station.
The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.Then the central switching station
which handles calls in certain given area isdirected connected to the wire-based telephone system.
Cellulars are pick up bythe towers and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of wire-based
telephone network.the towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the
signal from short distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than
one tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.----------------
-------------------------------------How Earthquakes HappenEarthquake is one of the most destroying natural
disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West
Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an
earthquakehappens?Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a
fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two
blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, theystick a little. They don't just slide
smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break
because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.During the
earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving,and they continue to move until they
get stuck again. The spot underground wherethe rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The
place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.-------------------------------------------
How do seasons happen?

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably noticed that it gets warmer in summer or dry season
while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?Seasons
happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tilts backand forth as it goes around the
sun. During the summer, the earth tilts toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. this condition is
what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it
makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what wecall winter.The different parts of
the world have the same season at different times. In thenorthern half of the world , winter happens during
the months of December, January and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the
other hand, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July and August.The
regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season
happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at
different times.----------------------------------------Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter
DaylightIn the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter.This is not
because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.The earth is
actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this
can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.It seems strange that as the
earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the
case. It is the tiltof the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time
that for us the sun is above the horizon.(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)-----------------------------------
--------------; Example of Explanation TextWhat is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred
separate diseases. Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is
the second leading cause of death.Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA.
Those mutationscan occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as:
nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in the air,
water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such
factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism.
It is estimated that thereare about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some
result in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many
of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by
the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not
workingproperly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.

How Day and Night Happen

The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night.
However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes
it look as if the sun is moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes
day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This
process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season
Why Summer Daylight is Longer than Winter Daylight; an explanation text
In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is
not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the
earth.
The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be
forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and
frosty morning.
It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of
daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine
the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above
the horizon.
(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)

Generic Structure Analysis

1. General statement:
stating the phenomenon which daylight in summer is longer than in winter.
2. Explanation:
it is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of the earth
from the sun.

Language Feature Analysis

focusing generic participant; daylight.
Using chronological connection; then, so, but.
Using passive voice; you would be forgiven.
Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.

What is Explanation?
Definition and purposes of Explanation
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of Explanation

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Language Feature
Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
Using passive voice pattern
Using simple present tense

1. 1. Definition and purposes of Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say why and how of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

1. 2. Generic structure of Explanation

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
1. 3. Language Feature
Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
Using passive voice pattern
Using simple present tense