23/9/2017 Q'eqchi' language - Wikipedia

Q'eqchi' language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Q'eqchi' language, also spelled Kekchi, K'ekchi', or kekch, is one of the Mayan languages,
spoken within Q'eqchi' communities in Guatemala and Belize. Q'eqchi'
Kekchi
Native to Guatemala, Belize
Contents Region Alta Verapaz, Petn,
Izabal, Baja Verapaz, El
1 Distribution Quich; Toledo
2 Phonology Ethnicity Q'eqchi'
2.1 Consonants Native 800,000 (2009)[1]
2.2 Vowels speakers
2.3 Prosody Language Mayan
3 Grammar family
3.1 Morphology QuicheanMamean
Greater Quichean
3.2 Syntax Q'eqchi'
4 Orthographies
4.1 Early transcriptions Writing Latin
4.2 SIL/IIN system
4.3 ALMG Official status
4.4 Comparison of the two major orthographies Official (national language of
5 History language in Guatemala[2])
6 Texts
Regulated by Academa de las
7 External links Lenguas Mayas de
8 Bibliography Guatemala
8.1 Grammars of Q'eqchi'
8.2 Articles on Q'eqchi' Language codes
8.3 Dictionaries of Q'eqchi' ISO 639-3 kek

9 References Glottolog kekc1242 (http://gl

ottolog.org/resourc
e/languoid/id/kekc1

Distribution 242)[3]

The area where Q'eqchi' is spoken spreads across northern Guatemala into southern Belize. There
are also some Q'eqchi' speaking communities in Mexico.

It was calculated that the core of the Q'eqchi' speaking area in northern Guatemala extends over
24,662 square kilometers[4] (about 9,522 square miles). The departments and specific municipalities
where Q'eqchi' is regularly spoken in Guatemala include:[4]

Department Municipalities where Q'eqchi' is spoken

Alta Chahal, Chisec, Cobn, Fray Bartolom de las Casas, Lanqun, Panzs, Chamelco, Carch,
Verapaz Cahabn, Senah, Tucur

Baja
Purulh
Verapaz

Petn La Libertad, Poptn, San Luis, Sayaxch

Quich Ixcn, Playa Grande, Uspantn

Izabal El Estor, Livingston, Morales

Map of Mayan languages
In the country of Belize, Q'eqchi' is spoken in the Toledo District.[4] Q'eqchi' is the first language of
many communities in the district, and the majority of Maya in Toledo speak it.

Terrence Kaufman described Q'eqchi' as having two principle dialect groups: the eastern and the western. The eastern group includes the varieties
spoken in the municipalities of Lanqun, Chahal, Chahabn and Senah, and the western group is spoken everywhere else.[5]

Phonology
Below are the Q'eqchi' phonemes, represented with the International Phonetic Alphabet. To see the official alphabet, see the chart in the
Orthographies section of this article.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language 1/7
23/9/2017 Q'eqchi' language - Wikipedia

Consonants

Q'eqchi' has 29 consonants, 3 of which were loaned from Spanish.

Q'eqchi consonant phonemes [6][7][8]

Bilabial Alveolar Alveo-palatal Velar Uvular Glottal

Nasal m n

voiceless p t k q

Plosive glottalized p 1 t k q

voiced b2 d2 2

voiceless ts t
Affricate
glottalized ts t

Fricative s h

Tap

Lateral l

Semivowel w j

1 In their respectivedescriptive grammars of Q'eqchi', both Juan Tzoc Choc[9] and Stephen Stewart[10] have the bilabial implosive as a
/.[11]
voiced //. The report on Q'eqchi' dialect variation by Sergio Caz Cho, however, only discusses this consonant as a voiceless /
2 The non-glottalized voiced plosives /b d / have appeared as a result of influence from Spanish.[6]

Vowels

Q'eqchi' has 12 vowels, which differ in quality and also in length.

Q'eqchi vowel phonemes [6][12][13]

Front Central Back

Close i i u u

Mid e e o o

Open a a

Prosody

With a few exceptionsinterjections, such as uyaluy,[14] and adjectives which have an unstressed clitic on the end[15]stress always falls on the
final syllable.[15]

Grammar
Like many other Mayan languages, Q'eqchi' is an ergativeabsolutive language, which means that the object of a transitive verb is grammatically
treated the same way as the subject of an intransitive verb.[16][17] Individual morphemes and morpheme-by-morpheme glosses in this section are
given in IPA, while "full words," or orthographic forms, are given in the ALMG orthography.

Morphology

There are two kinds of pronouns in Q'eqchi': independent pronouns and pronominal affixes. The independent pronouns are much like pronouns in
English or Spanish, while the pronominal affixes are attached to words such as nouns, verbs, and statives and used for inflection.[18][19] Like other
Mayan languages, Q'eqchi' has two sets of pronominal affixes, referred to as set A and set B. The following table provides all the pronominal
affixes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language 2/7
23/9/2017 Q'eqchi' language - Wikipedia

Pronominal Affixes [20]

Set A
Set B
person prevocalic preconsonantal

singular

1st w in in

2nd aw a at

3rd

plural

1st q qa o-, -o

2nd er e e

3rd - -e / -e - -e / ex -e / -e

When these affixes are attached to transitive verbs, set A affixes indicate the ergative agent while set B indicates the absolutive object.

Transitive Verbs [21]

Prevocalic Preconsonantal

morpheme breakdown morpheme breakdown

translation full word translation full word
Tense/aspect Set B Set A base Tense/aspect Set B Set A base

we saw you xatqil at q il I called you xatinb'oq at in oq

they saw you xate'ril at e il s/he called you xatxb'oq at oq

When a set B affix is attached to an intransitive verb, it indicates the subject of the intransitive verb.

Intransitive Verbs [22]

morpheme breakdown
translation full word
Tense/aspect Set B base

singular

I slept xinwar in wa

you slept xatwar at wa

s/he slept xwar wa

plural

we slept xoowar oo wa

you (pl.) slept xexwar e wa

they slept xe'war e wa

When an affix from set A is prefixed to a noun, it indicates possession. As their name suggests, the prevocalic forms of set A affixes are only found
before vowels. However, the rules for the distribution of "preconsonantal" set A prefixes on nouns are more complex, and they can sometimes be
found before vowels as well as consonants. For example, loan words (principally from Spanish) are found with preconsonantal affixes, regardless of
whether they begin with a consonant or not. In contrast, kinship and body part wordswhich are words very unlikely to be loanedalways take
the prevocalic prefixes if they begin with vowels.[23] The following chart contrasts these two situations.

Possession of nouns [24]

Body part and kinship terms Loan words

English correct incorrect English Spanish correct incorrect

my wife wixaqil *inixaqil my manure/fertilizer mi abono inab'oon *wab'oon

my older brother was *inas my altar mi altar inartal *wartal

my tongue waq' *inaq' my sugar mi azcar inasuukr *wasuukr

When an affix of set B serves as the suffix of a stative, it indicates the subject or theme of the stative.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language 3/7
23/9/2017 Q'eqchi' language - Wikipedia

Inflected statives [25]

Q'eqchi'
translation
full word morphemes

he/she/it is big nim nim -

we are big nimo nim - o

you (pl.) are three oxib'ex oi - e

they are three oxib'eb' oi - e

I am far najtin nat - in

you are far najtat nat - at

Statives can be derived from nouns. The process simply involves suffixing the set B pronominal affix to the end of the root.

Noun as stative[26]

Q'eqchi'
translation
full words morphemes

man winq winq

you are a man winqat winq - at

he is a man winq winq -

Syntax

The basic word order of Q'eqchi' sentences is verb - object - subject, or VOS.[27][28] SVO, VSO, SOV, OVS, and OSV word orders are all
possible in Q'eqchi', but each have a specific use and set of restrictions.[29] The definiteness and animacy of the subject and object can both have
effects on the word order.[30][31] Like many languages, the exact rules for word order in different situations vary from town to town in the Q'eqchi'
speaking area.[31]

Examples of basic word order[32]

Q'eqchi' translation

verb subject object subject verb object

full words Xril li wakax li ch'ajom

transitive The young man saw the cattle
morphemes - - - il li waka li taom

full words Xkam li tz'i'

intransitive The dog died
morphemes - - kam li tsi

Orthographies
Several writing systems have been developed for Q'eqchi', but only two are in widespread use: SIL and ALMG.

Early transcriptions

The first transcriptions of Q'eqchi' in the Latin alphabet were made by Roman Catholic friars in the 16th century. Francisco de la Parra devised
additional letters to represent the unfamiliar consonants of Mayan languages, and these were used to write Q'eqchi'. Examples of Q'eqchi' written
with the de la Parra transcription can be seen in the 18th century writing of the Berendt-Brinton Linguistic Collection (Rare Book & Manuscript
Library, University of Pennsylvania, Ms. Coll. 700). In the 20th century, before Sedat and Eachus & Carlson developed their SIL orthography, field
researchers devised alternate Latin transcriptions. For example, Robert Burkitt (an anthropologist fluent in spoken Q'eqchi' and familiar with a range
of Q'eqchi' communities and language variation), in his 1902 paper "Notes on the Kekch Language", uses a transcription based on then-current
Americanist standards.[33]

SIL/IIN

A Spanish-style orthography was developed by Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) field researchers, principally William Sedat in the 1950s and
Francis Eachus and Ruth Carlson in the 1960s.[34] This alphabet was officialized by the Guatemalan Ministry of Education through the Instituto
Indigenista Nacional de Guatemala, or the IIN.[35] Although no longer considered standard, this orthography remains in circulation in large part due
to the popularity of a few texts including the Protestant Bible produced by the SIL/Wycliffe Bible Translation Project, and a widely used language
learning workbook "Aprendamos Kekch".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language 4/7
23/9/2017 Q'eqchi' language - Wikipedia

ALMG

The Proyecto Lingstico Francisco Marroqun (PLFM) developed an alternative orthography in the late 1970s, which was influenced by the
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Of note, the PLFM orthography used the number "7" to write the glottal plosive, whereas the apostrophe
was used in digraphs and trigraphs to write ejective stops and affricates. This system was later modified by the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de
Guatemala (ALMG), which replaced the "7" with the apostrophe. The result, the ALMG orthography, has been the standard, official way to write
Q'eqchi', at least in Guatemala, since 1990. In the ALMG orthography, each grapheme (or "letter", including digraphs and trigraphs) is meant to
correspond to a particular phoneme. These include separate vowels for long and short sounds, as well as the use of apostrophes (saltillos) for
writing ejectives and the glottal stop.[36] The following table matches each of the official ALMG graphemes with their IPA equivalents.

Comparison of the ALMG Q'eqchi' orthography to the IPA[37]

ALMG a aa b' ch ch' e ee h i ii j k k' l m n o oo p q q' r s t t' tz tz' u uu w x y '

IPA a a t t e e h i i k k l m n o o p q q r s t t ts ts u u w j

Comparison of the two major orthographies

Comparative examples of the ALMG and SIL orthographies

ALMG SIL English translation

maak'a ta chink'ul sa' laa muheb'al maac'a ta chinc'ul sa' laa muhebal May nothing happen to me in your shady places and your
aaki'chebal aaqui'chebaal forests.

yo chi amaq'ink laj Kachil Petn yo chi amak'inc laj Cachil Petn Carlos lives (is living) in Petn.

History
At the time of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, Q'eqchi' was probably spoken by fewer people than neighboring languages such as Itza',
Mopan, and Cholti', all of which are now moribund or extinct. The main evidence for this fact is not colonial documents, but the prevalence of loan
words apparently stemming from these languages in Q'eqchi'. However, a number of factors made Q'eqchi' do better than the just-mentioned
languages. One is the difficult mountainous terrain which is its home. Another is that, rather than simply being conquered, as the Cholti', or resisting
conquest for an extended period, as the Itza' did for over 200 years, the Q'eqchi' came to a particular arrangement with the Spaniards, by which
Dominican priests, led initially by Fray Bartolome de las Casas, were allowed to enter their territory and proselytize undisturbed, whereas no lay
Spaniards were admitted. This led to their territory being renamed "Verapaz" (true peace) by the Spaniards, a name which continues today in the
Guatemalan departments Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz. This relatively favorable early development allowed the people to spread, and even make
war on neighboring Mayan groups. Although it was later followed by the brutal policies of the late-19th-century liberals and the late-20th century
military governments, it largely explains the status of Q'eqchi' as the 3rd largest Mayan language in Guatemala and the 4th across the Mayan region.
The relatively recent, postcolonial expansion is also the reason that Q'eqchi' is perhaps the most homogeneous of the larger Mayan languages.[38]

Q'eqchi is taught in public schools through Guatemala's intercultural bilingual education programs.

Texts
Like most other Mayan languages, Q'eqchi' is still in the process of becoming a written and literary language. Existing texts can roughly be divided
into the following categories.

1. Educational texts meant to teach people how to speak, read or write Q'eqchi'. This category includes materials such as dictionaries and
grammars, as well as workbooks designed to be used in rural Guatemala schools in communities where the majority of the people are native
speakers of Q'eqchi'.
2. Religious texts. The Protestant version of the Bible (published by the SIL based on the work of William Sedat, and Eachus and Carlson)
mentioned above is probably the most widely available text in Q'eqchi'. In the last twenty years or so, the Roman Catholic Church has been
one of the primary proponents of written Q'eqchi'. Various Catholic organizations are responsible for producing a number of texts, including
the New Testament, Genesis and Exodus, and various instructional pamphlets. A songbook entitled Qanimaaq Xloq'al li Qaawa' 'We praise
the Lord' is very popular among Catholics, has been in print for many years, and is updated with new songs regularly. The Book of Mormon
also is available in Q'eqchi' as are also other LDS religious texts.[39]
3. Non-instructive secular texts have also begun to appear in the last ten years or so, although they are still few in number. The most ambitious
of these works have been a free translation of the K'iche' text Popol Wuj ("Popol Vuh") by the Q'eqchi' language teacher and translator
Rigoberto Baq Qaal (or Ba'q Q'aal), and a collection of Q'eqchi' folk tales. A number of government documents have also been translated
into Q'eqchi', including the Guatemalan Constitution.

External links
K'EQCH 2012-2014 (http://www.keqchi.org/) Maya Atinal re li Poyanam K'eqch s e li Tenamit Guatemala ut Belize / Mayan
language for the K'eqch people in Guatemala and Belize
Q'eqchi' Vocabulary List (http://wold.clld.org/vocabulary/34) (from the World Loanword Database)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language 5/7
23/9/2017 Q'eqchi' language - Wikipedia
Comparative Q'eqchi' Swadesh vocabulary list (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists_for_Mayan_languages) (from
Wiktionary)
Web page of the Spanish language Q'eqchi' learning book Aprendamos kekch at the SIL. (http://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/2
6290) On this site, there is a link to download the book as a PDF. Retrieved May 8, 2016.

Bibliography
Grammars of Q'eqchi'

Caz Cho, Sergio (2007). Xtz'ilb'al rix li aatinak sa' Q'eqchi' = Informe de variacin dialectal en Q'eqchi' = (in Spanish). Antigua,
Guatemala; Guatemala, Guatemala: Oxlajuuj Keej Maya' Ajtz'iib' (OKMA); Cholsamaj. ISBN 9789992253526. OCLC 202514532 (http
s://www.worldcat.org/oclc/202514532).
Eachus, Francis; Carlson, Ruth (1980). Aprendamos kekch: Gramtica pedaggica popular de kekch (http://www.sil.org/resources/pub
lications/entry/26290). Guatemala: Instituto Lingstico del Verano (Summer Institute of Linguistics). Retrieved 18 May 2016. This is a
pedagogical grammar, rather than a descriptive grammar like the majority in this section.
Stewart, Steven (1980). Gramtica kekch (in Spanish). Editorial Academica Centro America: Guatemala. OCLC 318333627 (https://ww
w.worldcat.org/oclc/318333627). This grammar does not include syntax. The area of study for the book was Cobn and the surrounding
towns of San Pedro Carch, San Juan Chamelco, and Chamil.
Stoll, Otto (1896). Die Sprache der K'e'kch-Indianer (in German).
Tzoc Choc, Juan; lvarez Cabnal, Alfredo; Carlos Federico, Hun Macz; Sacul Caal, Hugo; the Q'eqchi' language community (2003).
Gramtica descriptiva del idioma maya q'eqchi' = Xtz'ilb'al rix xna'leb'il li aatinob'aal q'eqchi' (https://www.scribd.com/doc/2858039
1/Gramatica-Descriptiva-Q-eqchi-Juan-Tzoc) (in Spanish). Cobn, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala: Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de
Guatemala. pp. 114115. OCLC 654408920 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/654408920). Retrieved May 4, 2016.
Tzoc Choc, Juan; lvarez Cabnal, Alfredo; the Q'eqchi' language community (2004). Gramtica normativa q'eqchi' (https://www.scribd.c
om/doc/28581198/Gramatica-Normativa-Q-eqchi-Juan-Tzoc) (in Spanish). Guatemala: Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala.
Retrieved 5 May 2016. This is a normative grammar, rather than a descriptive grammar like the majority in this section.

Articles on Q'eqchi'

Burkitt, Robert (1902). "Notes on the Kekch". American Anthropologist. 4 (3): 44163. doi:10.1525/aa.1902.4.3.02a00060 (https://doi.
org/10.1525%2Faa.1902.4.3.02a00060).
Campbell, Lyle (1973). "The Philological Documentation of a Variable Rule in the History of Pokom and Kekchi". International Journal of
American Linguistics International Journal of American Linguistics. 39 (3): 133134. ISSN 0020-7071 (https://www.worldcat.org/iss
n/0020-7071).
Campbell, Lyle (1974). "Theoretical Implications of Kekchi Phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics International
Journal of American Linguistics. 40 (4, Part 1): 269278. ISSN 0020-7071 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7071).
DeChicchis, Joseph (2011-06-03). "Revisiting an imperfection in Mayan orthography" (http://kgur.kwansei.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10236/78
01/1/37-2.pdf) (PDF).
Kockelman, Paul (2003-08-01). "The Meanings of Interjections in Qeqchi Maya: From Emotive Reaction to Social and Discursive Action"
(http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/375871). Current Anthropology. 44 (4): 467490. ISSN 0011-3204 (https://www.worldc
at.org/issn/0011-3204). doi:10.1086/375871 (https://doi.org/10.1086%2F375871).
Wichmann, Soeren. "Loanwords in Q'eqchi', a Mayan language of Guatemala" (http://email.eva.mpg.de/~wichmann/Qeqchi.pdf) (PDF).

Dictionaries of Q'eqchi'

Frazier, Jeffrey (2015). Q'eqchi' Mayan Thematic Dictionary: Tusb'il Molob'aal Aatin Q'eqchi' ~ Inkles (https://www.amazon.com/Qeqc
hi-Mayan-Thematic-Dictionary-Molobaal/dp/1514812282/ref=pd_sim_14_1?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=Q2J1CRQ4TS6Q71J8
BQGM) (in Q'eqchi' and English). Mayaglot; 1 edition (June 21, 2015).
Frazier, Jeffrey (2015). Q'eqchi' Mayan Dictionary: Molob'aal Aatin Q'eqchi' ~ Inkles (https://www.amazon.com/Qeqchi-Mayan-Diction
ary-Molobaal-Inkles/dp/0692602097/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8) (in Q'eqchi' and English). Mayaglot; 1 edition (December 11, 2015).
Haeserijn, Esteban (1979). Diccionario kekchi espaol (in Spanish).
Sedat, William (1955). Nuevo diccionario de las lenguas K'ekchi' y espaola (in Spanish). Guatemala: Alianza para el Progreso.
Tuyuc Sucuc, Cecilio (2001). Xtusulal aatin sa' q'eqchi' = Vocabulario q'eqchi' (https://aztli.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/vocabulario20q
eqchi.pdf) (PDF) (in Q'eqchi' and Spanish). Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala, Comunidad Lingstica Q'eqchi'.

References
1. Q'eqchi' (http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kek/) at 4. Richards, Michael (2003). Atlas Lingstico de Guatemala (htt
Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) p://www.liceosiglo21.com/IDIOMA%20MAYA/atlas/Atlas%20L
2. Proyecto de Reformas a la Constitucin Poltica (http://pdba.geor ing%FC%EDstico.pdf) (PDF). Guatemala: Instituto de
getown.edu/Constitutions/Guate/reforms99.html) Lingstica y Educacin. pp. 7677.
3. Hammarstrm, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. 5. Stewart 1980, p. xiii.
(2017). "Kekchi" (http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kekc1 6. Stewart 1980, p. 2.
242). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the 7. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, p. 12.
Science of Human History. 8. Caz Cho 2007, p. 19.
9. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, pp. 8, 17.
10. Stewart 1980, pp. 2, 4-5.
11. Caz Cho 2007, pp. 19, 21-22.

4. Richards, Michael (2003). Atlas Lingstico

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language de Guatemala (htt 12. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, p. 24. 6/7
23/9/2017 Q'eqchi' language - Wikipedia
12. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, p. 24. 34. Entry for Alfabeto kekch in the SIL database (http://www.sil.or
13. Caz Cho 2007, p. 20. g/resources/archives/26317)
14. Kockelman 2003. 35. Eachus & Carlson 1980, p. xiv.
15. Stewart 1980, p. 21. 36. DeChicchis 2011.
16. Stewart 1980, p. 76. 37. Tzoc Choc, lvarez Cabnal & the Q'eqchi' language community
17. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, pp. 114-115. 2004, pp. 14-54.
18. Stewart 1980, pp. 23-37. 38. Wichmann.
19. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, pp. 36-40. 39. Kai A. Andersen, "In His Own Language'" (http://www.lds.org/li
20. Caz Cho 2007, pp. 47, 53. See also Stewart 1980, p. 24, and ahona/1997/06/in-his-own-language), Liahona, June 1997, 29;
Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, pp. 38-40 see available list (http://www.ldscatalog.com/webapp/wcs/stores/
21. Stewart 1980, pp. 33-36. servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10151&storeId=10151&prod
22. Caz Cho 2007, p. 54. uctId=44286&langId=-1&cg1=13978&cg2=14001&cg3=&cg4
23. Stewart 1980, pp. 25-28. =&cg5=&sortId=3&sortOr=1&retURLtext=Back%20to%20'L
24. Stewart 1980, pp. 27-28. anguage%20Materials%20Listings'&retURL=http%3A%2F%2F
25. Caz Cho 2007, p. 58. www.ldscatalog.com%2Fwebapp%2Fwcs%2Fstores%2Fservle
26. Stewart 1980, p. 90. t%2FCategoryDisplay%3FcatalogId%3D10151%26amp%3Bst
27. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, p. 102. oreId%3D10151%26amp%3BcategoryId%3D14001%26am
28. Caz Cho 2007, pp. 187-188. p%3BlangId%3D-1%26amp%3Bcg1%3D13978%26amp%3Bc
29. Caz Cho 2007, p. 187. g2%3D%26amp%3Bcg3%3D%26amp%3Bcg4%3D%26amp%
30. Tzoc Choc et al. 2003, p. 103. 3Bcg5%3D%26pageId%3D5%26pageCt%3D15%26sortId%3
31. Caz Cho 2007, pp. 187-198. D3%26sortOr%3D1) of Q'eqchi' LDS publications at
32. Caz Cho 2007, p. 188. ldscatalog.com.
33. Burkitt 1902.
34. Entry for Alfabeto kekch in the SIL database (http://www.sil.or
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Q%27eqchi%27_language&oldid=790519855"

This page was last edited on 14 July 2017, at 07:52.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the
Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language 7/7