SCAFFOLD

TRAINING

For Erectors/ Inspectors

May 19, 2009

By M A Khan HSE DEPARTMENT

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OBJECTIVES
Type of scaffolding system
To familiarise with UAE Legal
requirements with respect to Scaffolds
To enhance the skill of scaffold
erection and inspection.
Safe Procedure for erection & dismantling
Practical on Scaffold Erection & dismantling
Procedure for Scaffold inspection
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WHAT IS SCAFFOLDING?
An elevated, temporary
work platform.
Elevated
Temporary
work platform
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Supported (Independent) Scaffold
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Suspended Scaffold
Fixed or travelling
Permanent or temporary
Manual or powered
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Tower or Mobile Scaffold
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Arial / Mobile Access Scaffold
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Scaffold Erection
Scaffolds can only be
erected, moved,
dismantled or altered
under the supervision
of a competent person

Competent person
selects & directs these
workers and
determines the
feasibility of fall
protection
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Legal Requirements

DM Chapter No -08
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Components of
scaffolding
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Components of
Scaffoldings
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1.Base Plates

Legal Requirement: Scaffold must have base plates even when setting on a concrete floor
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2.Standards
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3.Ledgers(transom)
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4.Wooden Planks
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5.Toe Board
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6.Couplers(shovels)
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7.Universal Jack(pin)
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8.Bracing(GI Pipe)
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9.Sole Board
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Scaffold
Foundations
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Scaffold Foundations
Scaffold legs must be set on
base plates & adequate
mudsills.
Mud sills must be sized to
distribute scaffolding loads to
the ground or support
structure.
There is no base plate & the
scrap plywood is not adequate.
The scaffold frame could
penetrate the plywood.
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Scaffold Foundations

Scaffolds must have base

plates, even when set on a
concrete floor.

The lack of a base plate could

damage the scaffold leg.
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Scaffold Foundations
Base Plate
The foot or base of any scaffold shall
be placed on an adequate base plate to
prevent displacement or sinking.
Base plates with screw jacks should
always be used so that you will be able
to make levelling adjustments later.
Plumb, level and square the scaffold
at the base
Timber sole plates of at least 25cm
wide and 5 cm thick should be laid for
the support of base plates.
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Scaffold
Never onFoundations
Masonry!

Scaffolds should never

be set on bricks,
masonry blocks, etc.
These are not structural
elements and could
crush under the scaffold
load.
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Access ladders and its placing
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Access ladders and its placing
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Access ladders and its placing
Portable ladders used for access to upper landing; side
rails must extend 3 ft (.9 m) above landing
Use 3-point contact while climbing
and always face the ladder
Ladders must be secured to
scaffolds to prevent movement
Damaged ladders should be
removed from service and
tagged Do Not Use
Exercise extreme caution while
getting on/off ladders and
Ladder Safety
scaffolds Prevents Serious Injury
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Access ladders and its placing
MOST COMMON DEFECTS

DAMAGED STILE DAMAGED RUNGS

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Access ladders and its placing
MOST COMMON UNSAFE PRACTICE
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Access ladders and its placing
MOST COMMON UNSAFE PRACTICE
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Access ladders and its placing
MOST COMMON UNSAFE PRACTICE
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Access ladders and its placing

Scaffold with interior

ladders for access
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Access ladders and its placing

Scaffold with Exterior

ladders for access
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Access ladders and its placing
How to measure ladder angle (75 degree)
Step1: Stand straight
facing the ladder
Step2: Place your shoes
touching the ladder
shoes.
Step3: Extend your arm
and hold the both posts.
If arm is fully extended
and post are gripped then
the angle is around 75
degree.
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Safe usage of LADDER
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Scaffold
Platform
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Quality of Planks
Check for defects like
Bow, Twist, Crook and
Cup.
Bow

Twist

Crook

Cup.

No paint on wood platforms

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Placing of Planks
Place the plank end trough
ledgers but not over the ledger
as per the picture.
Take help wherever required.
An overlapping 12 shall be
maintained.
Max gap between planks
25mm
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Placing of Planks
Work platforms must be
tightly planked for the full
width of the scaffold
Minimum width of work
platform should not be less
than 600 mm (3 planks).
All planks and/or platforms
should always be fastened to
the scaffold as necessary to
prevent uplift or displacement
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General Requirements
Planks shall extend at least
6 12 beyond their
support.
All Planking on runs of scaffold
must overlap a minimum of 12
inches.
Any damaged or weakened
planks must be immediately
removed and replaced.
No lose materials shall be left
and platforms shall not be
overloaded.
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Transom or
Put log
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Is anything Wrong here?
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Legal Requirement for Transom (or Putlog)
Maximum spacing for putlogs or transoms when
using boards conforming to BS 2482
Nominal Maximum span of
thickness of putlog or transom
Board
32 mm 1.0 Metres
38 mm 1.5 Metres
50 mm 2.6 Metres
63 mm 3.5 Metres
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Guard Rails
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The open edge of platforms higher than 2 m shall be provided
with standard guard rails as
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Standard Protection guards on scaffold platforms

Not less than 95 cm and

more than 115 cm.
Gaps between top rail and
mid rail shall not be more
than 47 cm
Toe board shall be 150mm
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General Requirements

Install guard rails

along open sides &
ends

Dont allow work on

platforms with missing
edge protections
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General Requirements

Edge protection of
scaffold platform
must tied with
required clamps
Never use rope,
binding wires etc.
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General Requirements
Front edge of all
platforms shall not be
more than 35cm from
the face of the work or
Use PFAS

No gaps shall be
left unguarded.
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What is missing here?
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Scaffold ties
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When the height of scaffold exceeds 4

times its width, the scaffold shall be
tied to the fixed building structure,
vertically and horizontally.
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The first bottom tie must be
placed no higher than four time
the minimum base width.

The vertical ties shall be repeated

at intervals not greater than 8m (
26 feet).
The Horizontal ties shall be
placed at each end and at
intervals not greater than 9m (30
feet).
8(8
mm)
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Types of Scaffold ties
This type of tie relies on a tube,
usually placed vertically inside
an opening or window in a
building.
A tube may be wedged or jacked tight
into opposing faces of the window
opening. Timber packing should be thin
(10 mm) to reduce shrinkage and
approximately 75 mm2, and should be
checked frequently for tightness
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Types of Scaffold ties

This forms an assembly of tubes A ring of 50-55 mm internal

and couplers around columns or diameter through which a
other parts of a building. scaffold tube could be passed
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Scaffold Bracing
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Scaffold Bracing

Longitudinal Diagonal
bracing must be
installed at an
approximate 45 degree
angle.

Begin at one end and

clamp it to the outside
of the posts using
swivel clamps. As the
scaffold rises, continue
to interlock bracing end
to end.
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Scaffold Bracing

Longitudinal
Diagonal bracing
should be installed on
all four sides.
Plumb the posts
before the diagonals
are secured.
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Scaffold Height
The height of the scaffold
should not be more than
20 four times its minimum
base dimension unless
guys, ties, or braces are
used

The max height of scaffolds shall

not 38m and in case the need for
higher scaffold the contractor shall
submit a design prepared by
5 specialized 3rd party company and
shall obtain an approval from
consultant engineer on that design.
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Methods of
scaffold erection
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Supported
(Independent) Scaffold
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A. ERECTION OF FRAME
TYPE SCAFFOLD
ASSEMBLY OF ONE STAGE
FABRICATED FRAME TYPE SCAFFOLDING

ONE SECTION HIGH FRAME SCAFFOLD

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B. ERECTION OF CUP-
LOCK SCAFFOLD
ASSEMBLY OF 1-LEVEL
SCAFFOLD TRAINING

ERECTION OF CUP-LOCK SCAFFOLD

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Mobile Scaffolds
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The height of the mobile tower

shall not exceed 4 times the
smallest base width of the
scaffold.
It shall be used only on firm,
level, clean surfaces.
It shall be moved on leveled
surfaces only by pushing or
pulling or both.
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Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel
locks before any one is allowed to work on the platform.
These casters shall be
capable of supporting the safe
working load of the scaffold.
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The casters shall be capable
of supporting the safe
working load of the scaffold.
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Only approved joint pins shall be used to join the castor
wheel with standard.

No joint
Pin
threading
rod is
used.
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Ensure no obstructions from Power Lines, I beams

& Cranes
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1. Make sure that the path is clear, no

material/person on the platform. Then unlock
the wheels to push the scaffold.
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2. Apply the force no more than five feet above the ground.
3. Re-Lock the wheels when move ends / scaffold is stationary
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It is unsafe to move mobile Do not stay on top, while

tower when Worker is on the rolling tower is being
top. He must be made aware of
moved
the move
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No persons, equipment or materials are allowed to be on
the platform during moving it.
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Use a ladder (internal staircase) to access to and from the
Mobile scaffold platform.

The opening of ladder access shall

be closed using TRAP door.
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Castor
Wheel is
not locked

Ladder is outside No LadderUnsafe Platform

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SCAFFTAGS
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Scafftag Holder

A Scafftag Holder must be fitted to all access

points on a scaffold while it is under
construction.
When the message on the Scafftag Holder is
displayed it means:
SCAFFTAG the scaffold is under construction; and
it has not been inspected and is not approved
for use.

Nounauthorised personnel are allowed on a

.
scaffold while this symbol is shown.

DO NOT The scaffold must be checked by an

USE Authorised Inspector to ensure it is safe
SCAFFOLD and meets the requirements of:
ABB Safety Standards; and
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations.
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The "Inspection Tag"

SCAFFTAG If the scaffold is safe and meets

Safety Standards the Authorised
SCAFFOLD
Erection and Inspection Record
Inspector will fill in an Inspection tag.
LOCATION
All details on the tag must be completed
to make it valid.
REF NO.

DATE ERECTED The Inspection tag is fitted inside the

Scafftag Holder with the completed green
REQUESTED BY side facing outwards. This means the scaffold is
BUILT BY
safe for use.
NAME OF COMPETENT PERSON

SIGNATURE A duplicate Inspectiontag for each

SCAFFOLD TO BE USED FOR scaffold is kept in the Authorised
Light Duty
225 kg
Inspectors office.
Medium Duty
450 kg
Heavy Duty
675 kg
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On-going inspections
The scaffold must be inspected by an
Authorised Inspector every 7 days.
Inspections are recorded on the reverse
INSPECTION FREQUENCY
side of the Inspection tag which is
BY yellow.
COMPETENT PERSON
DATE TIME SIGNED
If the scaffold is in a safe condition the
Authorised Inspector must:
recordthe inspection details on the yellow
side of the Inspection tag; and
returnthe tag into the Scafftag Holder with
Comments
the green side facing outwards.
Ladder No of Rungs
This means the scaffold is safe and can
continue to be used.
No of Standards

No of lifts
If the scaffold is unsafe the Inspection tag
must not be returned to the Scafftag Holder
Sq.m Boarding until the faults have been corrected.
Structure Decommissioned
Date
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Your responsibilities

Never work unless you are authorised to do so.

You must work under the supervision of a licensed
scaffolder.
SCAFFTAG
Erection and Inspection Record
Always check the last inspection date on the Inspection tag.
LOCATION

Ref. No If the date is longer than 7 days ago, notify your

Date Erected Authorised Inspector immediately.
Requested by

Built by

Name of competent person

Ensure that the Safe Working Load (SWL) of the scaffold
is not exceeded.
Signature

Scaffold to be used for If you detect any faults with a scaffold, even if it has a
Light Duty valid "Inspection Tag", report the problem to the
Medium Duty Authorized Inspector immediately.
Heavy Duty
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Hazard of
Scaffoldings
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Employees working on scaffolds are
exposed to these hazards:

Falls from elevation caused

by slipping, unsafe access, and
the lack of fall protection
Struck by falling tools / debris
Electrocution from overhead
power lines
Scaffold collapse - caused by
instability or overloading
Bad planking giving way
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Falls may occur:

While climbing on or off

the scaffold
Working on unguarded
scaffold platforms
When scaffold
platforms or planks fail
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Fall from Fixed Scaffolding

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Protecting Workers from Falls
If a worker on a scaffold
is exposed to fall hazard
protect him by

Guardrails, and/or
Personal Fall Arrest
Systems (PFAS)
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Falling of material can occur due to:

Incomplete Guards
Overloading of scaffolds
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Scaffold can also collapse due to:

Improper ties
Overloading of
scaffolds
Unsafe foundation
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Scaffold collapse
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A common Bad Practice

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Examples
Scaffolding Faults
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No Safety Harness
No Adequate Wooden
Plank
No Adequate Transom
No Wooden Plank
Tighten With
Rope&Wire
No Toe Board
Without PPE
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Wooden Plank Not

Adequate
Helmet Missing
Wooden Plank Not
Rightly Placed
Toe Board Missing
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Two Wooden Plank

Missing
Midrail Missing
Safety Belt Not
Hooked
2nd Man Without
Harness
Wooden Plank Not
Tighten With Rope
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SCAFFOLD
INSPECTION
CHECKLIST
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Check for proper installation of:
Mudsills, Base Plates, Foundation.
Posts Plumb
Posts braced by cross braces,
horizontal, and diagonal as
required
Platforms fully planked
Planks secured
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Planks are scaffold grade lumber or
equivalent manufactured
Guardrails & Midrails
Toeboards
Mesh if material higher than toeboards
Ladder Access
Inspected every work shift by competent
person
Frames secured with pins
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Height less than 4 times minimum base

Scaffold tied to structure if higher than
above
Caster brakes locked before use
Casters pinned into frame leg
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General Requirements
a) Capacity
b) Scaffold Platform Construction
c) Criteria For Supported Scaffolds
d) Criteria For Suspension Scaffolds
e) Access
f) Use
g) Fall Protection
h) Falling Object Protection
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Cradles
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Suspended Access Cradle
Fixed or travelling
Permanent or temporary
Manual or powered
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Suspended Access Cradle
Safe access, ideally from ground level
Adequate guard rails, toe boards and
base
Equipment fits closely to the building
Building capable of bearing the loads
Track end stops provided
SWL marked
Secondary safety rope and fall arrest
device provided
Operating instructions available
Uniformly loaded and not overloaded
Rescue plan
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Suspended Access Cradle
MOST COMMON UNSAFE PRACTICE

JUMPING PRACTICE
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Suspended Access Cradle
MOST COMMON UNSAFE PRACTICE

NOT WEARING REQUIRED PPE

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Suspended Access Cradle
MOST COMMON UNSAFE PRACTICE

OVERREACHING FROM CRADLE

UAE LEGISLATION IN OHS